考研英語(yǔ)閱讀講義2

考研基礎(chǔ)班網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂寫作講義

第一節(jié)考研寫作總論

一、課程安排：

1、考研寫作總論：評(píng)卷實(shí)例、復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃、學(xué)習(xí)方法、大綱解讀

2、應(yīng)用文：書信類、告示類

3、段落寫作：真題透視、框架結(jié)構(gòu)、啟承轉(zhuǎn)合

4、兩圖寫作（00、03、06、07）

5、一圖寫作（98、01、02、04、05）

6、圖表作文

二、評(píng)卷實(shí)例：2001年真題

Directions:

Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,buteveryonehad

his/herownunderstandingofit.

Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothe

newspaperto

1)showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow,

2)giveaspecificexample,and

3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoshowlove.

1、20分范文：

Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest.Itisoftheutmost

importancetothehumanbeings.Everybodynotonlyneedslove,butalsoshouldgivelove.

Asisdescribedinthepicture,"loveisalampwhichisbrighterindarkerplaces.^^Thisis

indeedtrue.Peopleindarkerplacesneedmorelightthanordinarypeople.Maybeevenadimlight

cangivethemmuchhopeforabetterlifeandprogress.Maybeevenadimlightcangivethem

muchhopeforabetterlifeandprogress.Maybejustathreadoflightwillcallforththeirstrength

andcouragetostepoutoftheirdifficulties.

Forinstancewhensomeoneisstarvingtodeath,justalittlefoodandwaterfromyoumay

savehislife.Orwhenalittlegirlinapoorruralareadropsoutofschoolbecauseofpoverty,justa

smallsumofmoneyfromyoumaysupporthertofinishherschoolingandchangeherlife,you

havegivenlovewhichislikealampinadarkplacewherelightismostneeded.

Sotosumup,weshouldofferourhelptoallwhoareinneed.Weexpecttogetlovefrom

othersandwealsogivelovetootherssowhenyouseesomeoneindifficultyorindistressandin

needofhelp,don'thesitatetogiveyourlovetohim.Ibelievethentherelationshipbetween

peoplewillbeharmoniousandoursocietywillbeabetterplaceforustolivein.

2、18分范文

Itisgenerallybelievedthatloveisahottopicwhichismosttalkedabout.Thisistruenot

onlyinChinabutalsoinothercountries.Weliveindifferentcountries,speakdifferentlanguages,

butloveissomethingcommontousall.Buthowtoshowlovemaybedifferentwithdifferent

peopleindifferentcountries.Thisissomethingweshouldgivemorethoughtto.

Asisshowninthepicture,loveislikealampwhichshinesbrightestindarkplaces.Thistells

usasimpletruth:Loveislikealamp.Itismostvaluablewhenitismostneeded.Forexample,

onceIsawaforeignladygetlostinthestreet.ShecouldnotspeakChineseandnobodyseemedto

beabletohelpher.ThoughmyEnglishisnotverygoodandIamashyperson,Ithoughtshe

neededhelpverymuch.Iaskedherwhatshewanted.Shetoldmeshelostherway,soIshowed

herthewaytoherhotel.Itwasasmallthingbutshethankedmeverymuchbecausemyhelpwas

neededverymuch.Myhelpwaslikealampindarkplaces.

Ithinkweallshouldbelikealampinadarkplace,showingourlove,givingourhelpto

others,eventostrangers.Inthisway,wecanmakethisworldaharmoniousandpeacefulworld.

三、復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃：

1、考前復(fù)習(xí):

1）攻克詞匯

2）精研真題詞匯、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、選項(xiàng)設(shè)置、英譯漢、背誦

3）適當(dāng)?？?/p>

2、寫作練習(xí)：

3、時(shí)間分配:

1)14：00-14：15寫作A節(jié)

2)14：15-14：50寫作B節(jié)

3)14：50-16：00閱讀A節(jié)

4)16：00~16：20完型填空

5)16：20-16：40閱讀B節(jié)

6)16：40-17：00閱讀C節(jié)

第二節(jié)應(yīng)用文

一、學(xué)習(xí)方法:

（-）提高實(shí)力：

1、十遍精讀：

I）精彩詞匯

2）精彩詞組

3）精彩句型

4）句子結(jié)構(gòu)：簡(jiǎn)單句（主干+修飾成分）、從句、時(shí)態(tài)、冠詞、主謂一致

5）段落結(jié)構(gòu)：總分總，主題句+論證（+小結(jié)）

6）關(guān)聯(lián)詞：小作文3—5個(gè)，大作文5—7個(gè)

7）同義替換：詞匯+句型

8）代詞替換：it,that,they

9）精彩觀點(diǎn)：

10）原因建議：

2、背誦：滾瓜爛熟、脫口而出、多多益善

3、默寫：發(fā)現(xiàn)寫作弱點(diǎn)

4、中譯英：提高寫作實(shí)力

5,寫作：模仿

（-）掌握技巧：萬能框架

二、大綱解讀：

（-）評(píng)價(jià)目標(biāo)：

考生應(yīng)能寫不同類型的應(yīng)用文，包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、摘要、報(bào)告等，還應(yīng)能

寫一般描述性、敘述性和說明或議論性的文章。短文寫作時(shí)，考生應(yīng)能：

1）做到語(yǔ)法、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確，用詞恰當(dāng)；

2）遵循文章的特定文體格式；

3）合理組織文章結(jié)構(gòu)，使其內(nèi)容統(tǒng)一、連貫；

4）根據(jù)寫作目的和特定讀者，恰當(dāng)使用語(yǔ)域。

（二）考試內(nèi)容：

該部分由A、B兩節(jié)組成，考查考生的書面表達(dá)能力。總分30分。

A節(jié)：考生根據(jù)所給情景寫出一篇約100詞（標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不計(jì)算在內(nèi)）的應(yīng)用性短文，包

括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、摘要、報(bào)告等?？忌诖痤}卡2上作答。滿分10分.

B節(jié)：要求考生根據(jù)提示信息寫出一篇160—200詞的短文（標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不計(jì)算在內(nèi)）。提

示信息的形式有主題句、寫作提綱、規(guī)定情景、圖、表等。考生在答題卡2上作答。滿分

20分。

（三）評(píng)分原則和方法：

1、雖然A、B兩節(jié)的考查要點(diǎn)有所不同，但對(duì)考生寫作能力的基本要求是相同的，所

以一般評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)兩節(jié)都適用。但根據(jù)兩節(jié)的不同考查要點(diǎn)，評(píng)分是會(huì)有不同的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。

A節(jié)

應(yīng)用文的評(píng)分側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于信息點(diǎn)的覆蓋和內(nèi)容的組織、語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性、格式和語(yǔ)域（指

在書面和口語(yǔ)表達(dá)中根據(jù)不同的交際對(duì)象，所采用的話語(yǔ)方式，即正式、一般、非正式的話

語(yǔ)）的恰當(dāng)。對(duì)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯多樣性的要求將根據(jù)具體試題作調(diào)整。允許在作文中使用提

示語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)過的關(guān)鍵詞，但使用提示語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)過的詞組或句子將被扣分。

B節(jié)

B節(jié)作文的評(píng)分重點(diǎn)在于內(nèi)容的完整性、文章的連貫組織性、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的多樣性

及語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性。

2、評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來給分。

評(píng)分人員在檔內(nèi)有1—3分的調(diào)節(jié)分。

3、A節(jié)作文的字?jǐn)?shù)要求是100詞左右。B節(jié)作文的字?jǐn)?shù)要求是160—200詞。文章長(zhǎng)度

不符合要求的，酌情扣分。

4、拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面。評(píng)分時(shí)，視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考

慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。

5、如書寫較差，以致影響交際，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。

三、書信格式：

(―)稱呼

1、寫給機(jī)構(gòu)

1)不認(rèn)識(shí)負(fù)責(zé)人：DearSirorMadam,DearSir/Madam,Towhomitmayconcern,

2)認(rèn)識(shí)負(fù)責(zé)人：DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,

DearPresident(Michael)Wang,

2、寫給個(gè)人

1)關(guān)系不親密：DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,

DearPresident(Michael)Wang,

2)關(guān)系親密：DearMichael,

(二)正文：3段、7句、100-120詞、3—5關(guān)聯(lián)詞、3—5從句

1、第一段：2句

1)自我介紹

(1)Iamastaffmemberfromyourcompany/corporation.

(2)Iamafreshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduatefromthe

DepartmentofChineseLanguageandLiteratureofBeijingUniversity.

2)寫作目的：Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeoforderingsomebooks/resigningfrom

mycurrentpost/position.

2、第二段：3句

1)改寫提綱一：1句

2)改寫提綱二：1句

3)改寫提綱三：1句

3,第三段

1)表示感謝(私人建議信除外)

(1)Myappreciationtoyouforyourgeneroushelpisbeyondwords.

(2)WordsfailmewhenIwanttoexpressmysinceregratitudetoyou.

(3)Itakethisopportunitytoshowmyheartfeltappreciationforthekind

assistanceyourenderedme.

2)期待回信

(1)lamlookingforwardtoyourreply/hearingfromyousoon.

(2)Ilookforwardtoafavorablereplyatyourearliestconvenience.

(3)Yourpromptattentiontomyinquirywouldbehighlyappreciated.

(三)落款

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

四、書信類應(yīng)用文：

1、大綱樣題：訂購(gòu)信

Directions:

YouarepreparingforanEnglishtestandareinneedofsomereferencebooks.Writealetter

tothesalesdepartmentofabookstoretoaskfor:

1)detailedinformationaboutthebooksyouwant,

2)methodsofpayment,

3)timeandwayofdelivery.

DearSirorMadam,

AsIamplanningtotaketheNationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MS

Candidates(NETEM),IhavedecidedtoplaceanorderofsomeNETEMbookswithdue

considerationofthegoodreputationofyourbookstoreandthehighqualityofyourbooks.

Firstly,pleasegivemeparticularaccountsasregardsnames,authors,publishinghousesand

pricesofthesebooks.Secondly,Ialsoneedtoknowthetermsofpaymentandafter-sell

service.Thirdly,IwonderifitisconvenientforyoutodeliverthesebooksbyEMStothe

headquartersofBeijingNewOrientalSchoolbySeptember1,2007.Ihavearrangedtopayforthe

service.

Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitudeforyourkindconsiderationofmyrequests.Ilook

forwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

第三節(jié)段落寫作

一、書信類應(yīng)用文

2、2005真題：辭職信+道歉信

Directions:Twomonthsago,yougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineFashion&Design.

Butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.Writealettertoyour

bossMr.Wang,tellinghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology.

DearMr.Wang,

Iamwritingtoinformyouaboutmydecisiontoresignfrommycurrentposition.

Theprimaryreasonsareasfollows.First,aftertwomonths,Idofeelthatitisnoteasyforme

togetusedtotheextraworkandnightshift.Second,thesalaryhasproventobemuchlowerthan

youoriginallypromised,andIhavealargefamilytosupport.Last,whatIhavelearnedinthe

universitycannotmeettherequirementofbeinganeditor.

IfeelterriblysorryfortheinconvenienceIhavecaused.Isincerelyhopethatyouapproveof

myresignation.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

3、2006真題：請(qǐng)求信

Directions:

YouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremotearea,

writealettertothedepartmentconcerned,askingthemtohelpfindacandidate.Youshould

specifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyourplan.Writeyourletter

innolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

Don*tsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,use”LiMing"instead.Don'twritethe

address.（10points）

Towhomitmayconcern,

Asastudentwhocansupportmyself,Iamwritingtorequestifyoucanhelpmefinda

potentialbeneficiaryofProjectHope.

Iwonderwhetheritisconvenientforyouiftwothingsregardingthechildaretakeninto

account.First,thechildshouldcomefromSichuanProvincebecauseIintendtohelpachildfrom

myhometown.Second,itwillbebetterifheorsheisaprimaryschoolstudentwhowasforcedto

dropschoolbecauseofabjectpoverty.

Iwouldliketohelptherecipientofmyassistanceannuallyuntilhegraduatesfromcollege.

Firstly,themoneywillcoverhistuitionfeeandotherexpensesatschool.Besides,Iwill

correspondwithhimfrequentlysothathecanseekadvicewheneverheneeds.Yourprompt

attentiontomyinquirywouldbehighlyappreciated.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

4、備忘錄/報(bào)告：

Directions:Youarethepresidentofacompany.WriteamemotoPercyShelley,thevice-president

ontheemployee'strainingoncomputer,tellinghimtheneedtotraintheemployees,detailed

information,andaskhimtowriteapian.

Date：January20,2007

To：PercyShelley,VicePresident

From：LiMing,President

Subject：ComputerTrainingoftheStaff

Aswediscussedearlierthisweek,Iagreewithyouthatourfirmisfacedupwithproblemof

thehighrateofcomputerilliteracyofthestaff.Weneedtomakeupaplanfortrainingour

employeesinthenewfield.

Iwouldlikeyoutodesignourownin-housecomputer-trainingprogram.Wehadbetter

classifytheemployeesandputthemthroughtheprograminturn.

Writeupabriefproposal,describingwhatyouthinktheprogramshouldcover.Assumethe

classrunsfourhoursaweekfortenweeks.Also,assumepeoplehavenopriorcomputer

knowledgeoranyformalcourseworkincomputerscience.

5、摘要：

1）不超過原文三分之、可少不可多：

2）不要評(píng)論、不要照抄：

3）改寫每段首尾句。

二、告示類應(yīng)用文：

(一)寫作格式：

1、標(biāo)題

2、日期：標(biāo)題右下方

3、正文：1一3段，3—6句，0—1從句，現(xiàn)在/將來時(shí)

4、署名:個(gè)人或單位

(二)分類：通告/通知、啟事、其他

經(jīng)典范文：征稿啟事

Directions:

Yourjournalisplanningtopublishanissue.Writeacontributionswantedwhichcoversthe

followinginformation:

1)thepurposeoftheissue,

2)timeandmethodsofdelivery,

3)otherdetails.

Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenotice.

ContributionsWanted

February3,2007

Tocelebratethe14thanniversaryoftheBeijingNewOrientalEducationandTechnology

Group,thisjournalhasdecidedtopublishaspecialissueonourgreatachievementsinthe

teachingandresearchactivitiesinthepast14years.Articles,photos,memoirsandotherwritings

relatedtothistopicareinvited.Facultymembersandstudentsarewelcometosendintheir

contributionsinwhateverformsorstylestoourofficebeforethe30lhinstant.Theymayalsosend

theirwritingsandphotoselectronicallytothefollowingaddress:xdfyy@

TheEditorialOffice

NewOrientalEnglishJournal

三、真題透視：參見新東方考研寫作教材P.12

1、1991：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title:WHERETOLIVE—INTHECITYORTHECOUNTRY?

B)Timelimit:40minutes

C)Wordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)

D)YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththe

givenopeningsentence.

E)YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyintheANSWERSHEET.

OUTLINE:

1.Conveniencesofthecity

2.Attractionsofthecountry

3.Disadvantagesofboth

4.Mypreference

2、1992：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title:FORABETTERUNDERSTANDINGBETWEENPARENTANDCHILD

B)Timelimit:40minutes

C)Wordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)

D)YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththe

givenopeningsentence.

E)YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyintheANSWERSHEET.

OUTLINE:

1.Presentsituation:Lackofcommunicationbetweenparentandchild

2.Possiblereasons:

1)Differentlikesanddislikes

2)Misunderstanding

3)Others

3.Suggestions:

1)Forparents

2)Forchildren

3、1993：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title:ADVERTISEMENTONTV

B)Timelimit:40minutes

C)Wordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)

D)YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththe

givenopeningsentence:'TodaymoreandmoreadvertisementsareseenontheTV

screen.”

E)YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyintheANSWERSHEET.

OUTLINE:

1.Presentstate

2.Reasons

3.Mycomments

4、1994：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title:ONMAKINGFRIENDS

B)Timelimit:40minutes

C)Wordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)

D)YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththe

givenopeningsentence:44Asahumanbeing,onecanhardlydowithoutafriend.^^

E)YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.

OUTLINE:

1.Theneedforfriends

2.Truefriendship

3.Myprincipleinmakingfriends

5、1995：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title:THE“PROJECTHOPE,,

B)Timelimit:40minutes

C)Wordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)

D)YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththe

givenopeningsentence:"Educationplaysaveryimportantroleinthemodernizationof

ourcountry.^^

E)YourcompositionmustbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

OUTLINE:

1.Presentsituation

2.Necessityoftheproject

3.Mysuggestion

6、1996：

DIRECTIONS:

A)Title:GOODHEALTH

B)Timelimit:40minutes

C)Wordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)

D)YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththe

givenopeningsentence:'TThedesireforgoodhealthisuniversal.”

E)YourcompositionmustbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

OUTLINE:

1.Importanceofgoodhealth

2.Waystokeepfit

3.Myownpractices

7、1997：

tit界煙草總產(chǎn)忸世界吸煙人口比例

143.64億畸世界人【158億.中煙民.妁

111億.妁占20%

195M11995

世界年年吸煙損失

片元300萬人

訟

)

2001年大綱樣題

Directions:

Widespreadtobaccoconsumptionhasledtograveconsequences,yetthetobaccocompanies

stillclaimthattheymakeavaluablecontributiontotheworldeconomy.

Thereisadiscussioninanewspaperontheabovetwoviewpoints.

Writeanessaytothenewspaper

1)Criticizingtheirviewand

2)Justifyyourstand.

Inyouressay,makefulluseoftheinformationprovidedinthepicturesprintedbelow.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsonANSWERSHEETIL

8、1998：

Directions:

A.Studythefollowingsetofpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan150

words.

B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEETII.

C.Youressayshouldcoveralltheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow:

1.Writeoutthemessagesconveyedbythecartoon.

2.Giveyourcomments.

如此承諾

各行各業(yè)興承諾

歡迎監(jiān)督不推托

原本皆為分內(nèi)事

何須高唱“文明歌”

9、1999：

DIRECTIONS:

A.Studythefollowinggraphscarefullyandwriteanessayinatleast150words.

B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEETII.

C.Youressayshouldcoverthesethreepoints:

1.effectofthecountry'sgrowinghumanpopulationonitswildlife

2.possiblereasonfortheeffect

3.yoursuggestionforwildlifeprotection

THEUPSANDDOWNSOFPOPULATIONGROWTH

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mUSGJCUSEXT1M.7KJNCMRTIME

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YEAR

10：2000：

Directions:

Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayto

1.Describethepictures

2.Deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepictures,and

3.Suggestcounter-measures

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEETII

ABriefHistoryofWorldCommercialFishing

11、2001：

Directions:

Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,buteveryonehad

his/herownunderstandingofit.

Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothe

newspaperto

1)showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow,

2)giveaspecificexample,and

3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoshowlove.

12、2002：

Directions:

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayentitled“Cultures-Nationaland

International”

Intheessayyoushould

1.describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning,and

2.giveyourcommentsonthephenomenon.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEETII.

AnAmericangirlintraditionalChinesecostume

13、2003：

Directions:

Studythefollowingpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayabout200wordsbasedonthe

following

1.describethesetofdrawingsandinterpretitsmeaning

2.pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.

?室花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨

14、2004：

Directions:

Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1.describethedrawing.

2.interpretitsmeaning,and

3.supportyourviewwithexamples.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

終點(diǎn)又是新起點(diǎn)

15、2005：

Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,you

shouldfirstdescribethedrawingtheinterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyourcommentonit.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

二兒子

16：2006：

Directions:Studythefollowingphotoscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1)describethephotosbriefly;

2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythem,

3)giveyourpointofview.

Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

圖一：把崇拜寫在臉上。圖二：花300元做個(gè)”小貝“頭。

注：Beckham(貝克漢姆)：英國(guó)足球明星。

17、2007：

Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

3)supportyourviewwithanexample/examples.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

四、考研論說文框架結(jié)構(gòu)：3段、12句、160—200詞、5—7關(guān)聯(lián)詞、5—7從句

第四節(jié)兩圖寫作

一、考研論說文框架結(jié)構(gòu):

(-)第一段：圖畫描述，3句

1、總體描述：人物/動(dòng)物/事物+動(dòng)作/服裝+環(huán)境/表情，1句

2、挖掘細(xì)節(jié)詞、串連成句：1一2句

3、文字說明/象征寓意：1句

(二)第二段：意義闡釋，5句

1、主題句：象征寓意，1句

2、論證：3句

I)基礎(chǔ)一般的同學(xué)：

(1)講原因：

(2)講故事：

(3)聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實(shí)：圖畫作文創(chuàng)作原則(以小見大，把握象征寓意，個(gè)體

想為群體，具體想為抽象)

2)基礎(chǔ)較好的同學(xué)：

(1)五大角度：背景、事實(shí)、反方觀點(diǎn)、原因、后果

(2)六種手段：因果、分類、定義解釋、統(tǒng)計(jì)事實(shí)、舉例、正反論證

3、小結(jié)：1句

(三)第三段：建議措施，4句

1、結(jié)論句：1句

2、針對(duì)雙方提建議：2句

3、包裝結(jié)尾、展望未來：1句

二、啟承轉(zhuǎn)合：

(一)啟：?jiǎn)?dòng)觀點(diǎn)、開篇點(diǎn)題

(―)承：觀點(diǎn)承接、正面論證

1、First(ly),Inthefirstplace,Firstandforemost,Aboveall,Ontheonehand,For

onething,

2、Second(ly),Inthesecondplace,Besides,Inaddition,Whatismore,

Furthermore,Moreover,Ontheotherhand,Foranother

3、Third(ly),(The)Lastbutnot(the)least,Moreimportantly,Evenworse,

(三)轉(zhuǎn)：觀點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)折、反面論證

Conversely,Nevertheless,Unfortunately,Whereas,Yet,Instead,In/By

comparison/contrast,Onthecontrary

(四)合：文章結(jié)尾、合并歸納

Asaresult/consequence,Consequently,Accordingly,Thus,Hence,Generally/Briefly

speaking,

三、兩圖寫作

(一)2003范文:

Thesetofdrawingsabovevividlydepictsthedestinyofaflowerindifferentcircumstances.

Asisshowninthefirstcartoon,theflowerisplacedinacomfortablegreenhousewhichsheltersit

fromthethreateninglighteningandstorm.Withpropertemperature,moistureandfertilizer,the

flowerisgrowinginfullbloom.Onthecontrary,whenremovedfromthegreenhouseandexposed

tothedrivingrain,theflowersoonfadesandwithers,withthepetalscastaboutonthegrounds.

Tobeginwith,thepurposeofthedrawingsistoshowusthattheflowergrowinginthegreen

housecannotwithstandthetestofthestorm,yetthesymbolicmeaningssubtlyconveyedshould

betakenmoreseriously.Thedelicateflowerisnaturallyassociatedwithyoungpeople,tobe

specific,theonlychildreninourcurrentsociety;thegreenhouseepitomizesparents'dotingcare

andabundantmaterialsuppliesthatcanshieldthechildrenfromthestorms,ortheharshreality.

Oncetheyoungpeoplebegintoseekindependenceandacceptchallengesfromtherealworld,

theyarefoundtoospoiledtobestrongenoughinthefaceofdifficulties.

Accordingly,itisvitalforustoderivepositiveimplicationsfromthesethought-provoking

drawings.Ontheonehand,wecanfrequentlyusethemtoenlightentheyouthtobemore

independentinlife.Ontheotherhand,parentsshouldbesensibleenoughtogivetheirchildren

morefreedomtodealwithtroublesandproblems.Onlybyundergoingmorechallengesandtoils

inadversitycanyoungpeoplecultivatestrongpersonalityandability,andonlyinthiswaycan

theybecomewinnersinthiscompetitiveworld.

(-)2006高分作文：

1、18分作文樣例一

Thephotosvividlydepictthatnowadaysmanypeople,especially,youngfellowsaretracing

suchfashion.ThefirstonesignedthenameofBeckhamonhisleftface,whilethesecondone

askedthehairdressertocopythehairstyleofBeckhamwithabout300yuan.Bothofthemare

typicalfansofthewell-knownBritishfootballplayer—Beckham.

Thiskindofsocialphenomenonisnotentirelyacoincidence.Therearereasonsaccounting

forthisfashion.Firstly,withtherapiddevelopmentofsociety,somepeoplefeeldullanddesperate

aboutthereality,sotheydesiretofindsomefamouspeopleastheiridols.Intheway,theyfeel

satisfiedwiththeirlifeandhaveagoaltoachieve.Secondly,justoppositetotheabove,othersare

justfashiontracers.Theybarelywanttoshowthattheyarekeepingstepwiththefashion.Thirdly,

somepeopleevendon'thaveanyspecialpurposebuttodoitasothers.Intheirdeepheart,they

don'ttreatitasfashionbutasfun.

Franklyspeaking,thissocialphenomenonisverydangeroustothewholesociety.Some

youngmenspendmostoftheirtimedecoratingthemselvesastheiridols.Asaresult,theydon't

haveenoughtimetostudyorwork,thentheyarealwaysleftbehind.Moreover,itisharmfultot