大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作題型分析

一、圖表圖畫題型〔Graphs/TablesandCartoons/Pictures〕表格和圖表題型表格和圖表題型是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作中較為常見的題型之一，也是難度較大的一種寫作題型，故大家應(yīng)對(duì)此類題型加強(qiáng)練習(xí)，熟練掌握。表格和圖表題型寫作考前須知·仔細(xì)研究題目以及提示信息，看準(zhǔn)、看清圖表中的數(shù)字、線條、陰影等局部的變化趨勢(shì)和走向，然后根據(jù)圖表所顯示的中心信息確定內(nèi)容層次以及主題句?！ぷ屑?xì)觀察分析圖表所給出的大量信息，從中選取最重要，最有代表性，最核心的信息，然后根據(jù)全文的主旨去組織運(yùn)用所獲取的關(guān)鍵信息,切忌簡(jiǎn)單地羅列圖表所給出的信息?！け砀窈蛨D表題型寫作一般采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但如果圖表給出了具體時(shí)間參照，那么應(yīng)對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。·表格和圖表題型要求考生使用一些固定句型和表達(dá)法，大家應(yīng)對(duì)此融會(huì)貫穿?！け砀窈蛨D表題型可以細(xì)分為表格，曲線圖、柱形圖和圓形圖。除了上述共同要點(diǎn)，還應(yīng)弄懂這四種圖在寫作方面的各自特點(diǎn)?！け砀裥问揭罂忌鷮?duì)表格中所給出的大量數(shù)字進(jìn)行比擬分析，從中找出其變化規(guī)律。·曲線圖形式要求考生認(rèn)真觀察坐標(biāo)系所顯示的數(shù)據(jù)信息，并且密切注意交匯在坐標(biāo)橫軸和縱軸上的數(shù)字及單位?！ぶ螆D形式要求考生通過寬度相等的柱形的高度或長(zhǎng)度差異來判斷事物的動(dòng)態(tài)開展趨勢(shì)，故考生應(yīng)密切關(guān)注坐標(biāo)線上的刻度單位及圖表旁邊的提示說明與文字?！A形圖形式旨在要求考生準(zhǔn)確理解并闡述一個(gè)被分割成大小不等切片的圓形圖所傳達(dá)的信息?？忌鷳?yīng)清楚掌握局部與整體，局部與局部之間的相互關(guān)系，這種關(guān)系通常是以百分比的數(shù)字形式給出的?！ち谐龈鞫蔚闹黝}句?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)所給提綱或信息列出每段的主題句，為全文的展開鋪平道路。·嚴(yán)格圍繞主題句展開段落?！z查與修改。表格與圖表寫作的檢查與修改應(yīng)著重檢查文章中所列舉的信息是否與圖表所顯示的信息一致。表格和圖表題型寫作中常用的核心句型歸納如下：1.Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthetable,…2.Thischartshowsthat...3.Asisshownbythegraph,...4.Itcanbeseenfromthestatistics〔chart\diagram\tablegraph\figures〕that...5.Itisgenerallybelieved〔accepted\thought\held〕that…6.Thereisslight〔slow\steady\rapid〕increase〔decrease\decline\reduction\fall\drop\rise〕indemand〔income.\population\prices\production〕.

7.beontheincrease〔decrease\rise\decline〕〔...在不斷地增加，減少，上升，下降〕8.Fromthetable〔figures\data\results\information〕,itcanbeseen〔concluded\shown\estimated\calculated\inferred〕that…9.Duringtheperiod1900—2000〔From1900—2000\Since1900\Foradecade,from1905—2005〕其它常用表達(dá)OtherUsefulExpressionsandStructures:介紹圖表Asisshown/described/illustrated/indicated/revealedinthecartoon/picture/graph/chart/table,...Ascanbeclearlyseenfromthecartoon…Whatavividpictureitis!Ittellsusthat…Accordingtothetable...,Ascanbeseenfromthetable...,Itcanbeseenfromthetable...Itisself-evidentthat…,Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…,Thereisnodenyingthefactthat…統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的表達(dá)方法increase/fallslightly/alittle/sharply/dramatically/drasticallyfrom...to...,

skyrocket/soar/rise/decline/jumpfrom…to…remainsteadyat...,leveloffat…,peakat...,reachtheclimaxat...,reachthelowat…,accountfor...twice/three...timesasmany/muchas...,onefifth/aquarter/athird/ahalfof...數(shù)據(jù)變化的表達(dá)方法Thenumber/amountof...increased/jumped/rose/decreased/dropped/fell/suddenly/rapidly/

dramatically/sharply/steadily/gradually/slowly/slightlyfrom...to...Therewasasudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steady/gradual/slow/slightincrease/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fallinthenumber/amountof...from...to...開頭和結(jié)尾的常用句型Thetwographsdescribethesamethingseenintwodifferentways.Thefirstdiagramsimplyrecords…Thesecondgraphthrowsanewlighton…Thekeyfindingstakenfromthesurveysareasfollows:…ThistableprovidesseveralimportantpointsofcomparisonbetweenAandB.一般圖表作文的特征主要表達(dá)在第一段，該段的任務(wù)是描述圖表同時(shí)點(diǎn)明圖表所要表達(dá)的主題或說明的問題，如：Asisshowninthetable〔orinthepicture〕...droppedfrom...in1994to...in1996.Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthetable,...hasgreatincreased〔ordecreased〕inthepast...years〔ordecades〕,reaching...in1996.Fromthetablewecanalsoseethattherehasbeenasharpdecline〔orrise〕in...Itisclearthat大家看下面的實(shí)例，注意體會(huì)圖表作文的寫作特點(diǎn)：實(shí)例1----2002年6月真題Directions:ForthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelowAveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweek1.上圖所示為1990年、1995年、2002年某校大學(xué)生事業(yè)計(jì)算機(jī)的情況，請(qǐng)描述其變化；2.請(qǐng)說明發(fā)生這些變化的原因〔可從計(jì)算機(jī)的用途、價(jià)格或社會(huì)開展等方面加以說明〕；3.你認(rèn)為目前大學(xué)生在計(jì)算機(jī)使用中有什么困難或問題。ModelCompositionGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinstudentuseofcomputersintheuniversity.Thehoursthestudentspentoncomputersperweekskyrocketedfromabout2in1990to20in2000,morethan9timeshigher.Thisrapidincreaseprovesthatstudentswereinclosercontactwithcomputers.Toaccountforthisphenomenon,peoplehavecomeupwithvariousreasonsaslistedbelow.Inthefirstplace,withthedropinpricesofcomputers,morestudentscouldaffordcomputers,thereforetheycouldspendmuchmoretimewithcomputers.Inthesecondplace,thecomputerswereappliedtowiderandwideruseandstudentshadtotakeadvantageofthismoderninvention.Lastbutnottheleastimportant,thedevelopmentofsocietypushedcomputersintomoredormitories.Whateverthereason,therearestillsomeproblemswithstudentuseofcomputers.Tobeginwith,manystudentsstillhavenocomputersoftheirown.What’smore,manystudentsusecomputersonlytoplaye-gamesandbrowsepornwebsites,whichcausesharmtotheirmind.〔172words〕實(shí)例2----1991年6月真題ChangesinPeople’sDiet

Food19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruit&Vegetable24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100%·Statethechangesinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears.·Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges.·DrawyourownconclusionModelCompositionAsisshownintheabovetable,greatchangestookplaceonpeople’sdietfrom1986to1990.Onthewhole,theconsumptionofgraindecreasedyearbyyear,whilethatofsomehigh-energyfood,suchasmilkandmeat,increasedconsistently.Inmyopinion,therearetwomajorreasonsforthechangesinpeople’sdiet.Ononehand,peoplegavetheirattentiontothequalityoftheirdiet.Ontheotherhand,theycouldaffordtobuymoreexpensivefoodwithbetternutritionowingtotheincreaseoftheirincome.Fromtheabove,wecanseethatpeople’slivingstandardimprovedremarkablyinthefiveyearsfrom1986to1990.Andwecanalsoanticipatethattheywilllivemoreandmorecomfortablyandhealthilyinthefuture.〔128words〕實(shí)例3EmploymentProblemofCollegeGraduatesYear20022003〔Estimated〕2004〔Estimated〕NumberofUnemployedGraduates380,000420,000500,000·描寫2002年到2004年找不到工作的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的人數(shù)變化；·分析原因〔高校擴(kuò)招使畢業(yè)生供應(yīng)大于需求，很多畢業(yè)生只愿留在大城市，畢業(yè)生的專業(yè)不適合社會(huì)需要等〕·給出解決問題的方法。ModelCompositionAsisdemonstratedinthetable,moreandmorecollegegraduatesareoutofajobinourcountry,whichisaseriousproblemtooureconomicdevelopmentandsocialsecurity.Itisestimatedthatin2004,therewillbe500,000unemployedgraduates,morethan30%higherthanin2002.Thereareseveralreasonsforthisphenomenon.Inthefirstplace,astheenrollmentofcollegestudentshasgrownbymorethan30%annuallysince1998,moreandmorestudentsarethrownintothelabormarket.However,ourannualGDPgrowthhasbeenabout8%.Therefore,thesupplyoflaborexceedsthedemand,henceashortageofpositions.Inthesecondplace,manygraduatesdonotwanttoworkinmedium-sizedandsmallcitiesortownswheretheyaremostneeded.Instead,toomanyofthemcrowdinbigcitieslikeBeijing,ShanghaiorGuangzhou.Seriousastheproblemseems,wecancomeupwithsomemeasurestodealwithit.Ononehand,thegovernmentshoulddevelopournationaleconomymorerapidly,creatingmorejobopportunities.Ontheotherhand,thecollegestudentsmustberealisticinchoosingjobs.Onlyinthesewayscanwehopetosolvetheproblem.〔201words〕實(shí)例4TheAverageLifeExpectancyinAmerica?

Year190019101920193019401950196019701980ALE47.35054.159.762.968.769.770.873.8·StatethechangesintheaveragelifeexpectancyinAmerica;·Explainthereasonsforthechanges;·Drawyourconclusions.圖畫作文除了表格和圖表題目，還有與其類似的圖畫題目。圖畫寫作是較難的題型，雖然大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試一直未曾采用，但近年來新題型頻繁出現(xiàn)，象報(bào)告、公眾演講、導(dǎo)游解說都已考過，故防患于未然，該題型也是大家應(yīng)該掌握的。首先看一下列圖畫題型寫作考前須知：·詳細(xì)查看圖畫。對(duì)圖畫進(jìn)行全面而細(xì)致的研究，尤其注意圖畫中人或物〔人與物〕的體貌表情特征和背景，確定人物之間，人物與背景之間的主要關(guān)系，以便正確掌握?qǐng)D畫所傳達(dá)的信息?！と绻麍D畫以系列形式〔既兩幅以上〕出現(xiàn)，考生除了掌握每一幅圖畫的信息，還應(yīng)該對(duì)圖畫之間的相應(yīng)聯(lián)系有所理解，從而在整體上把握?qǐng)D畫所傳達(dá)的信息。·面對(duì)圖畫題型，應(yīng)該展開合理而豐富的聯(lián)想，用生動(dòng)而恰當(dāng)?shù)难赞o抒發(fā)自己對(duì)圖畫的所思所想所感?！ぷ⒁鈭D畫題型中的文字提示。文字提示非常重要，文字提示通常十分清楚地提供一些寫作要點(diǎn)?！げ輸M提綱，合理組織材料。根據(jù)圖畫內(nèi)容的不同采用不同的段落開展方式。如果畫面內(nèi)容是以描述為主，即按空間方位或時(shí)間先后順序排列，可采用“開頭——擴(kuò)展——結(jié)尾〞的寫作方式。如果畫面內(nèi)容是以解釋說明為主，寫作時(shí)那么先給出主題句，再圍繞主題句完成各段落的寫作，這是采用“主題句——擴(kuò)展句——總結(jié)句〞的寫作方式?！そy(tǒng)且突出地展開段落。展開段落要根據(jù)畫面內(nèi)容進(jìn)行，同時(shí)也要圍繞每一段的主題句進(jìn)行?！z查與修改。重點(diǎn)檢查圖畫內(nèi)容是否準(zhǔn)確地被表達(dá)出來，題目所給提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。如果存在與畫面不相符的內(nèi)容，或未能完全涵蓋題目所給提示，應(yīng)對(duì)文章做出相應(yīng)修訂。大家看下面的實(shí)例，注意體會(huì)圖畫作文的寫作特點(diǎn)：實(shí)例1TheHarmfulnessofSmoking1.

Showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthecartoon;2.

Givereasonswhysmokingisharmful;and3.

Howwecansolvetheproblem.ModelCompositionAsisshowninthecartoon,whenthemanisenjoyingthecigarette,thesmokebecomesamonster〔怪物〕whichwilldevourhim.Thispicturetellsusvividlythatsmokingisharmfultopeople.Theharmfulnessofsmokingcanbeillustratedinthreeaspects.Firstofall,smokingdoesharmtopeople’shealth.Itiscommonknowledgethatmanydeadlydiseasesderivefromsmoking.Thebestexampleislungcancer.Inaddition,smokingcostsalotofmoney.Itisestimatedthattensofbillionsofyuanisspentoncigaretteseveryyearinourcountry,whichisahugewaste.Lastbutnottheleastimportant,smokingmaycausefire.DoyoustillrememberthebigfireinNortheasternChinawhichcausedseriousdamagestopeople’slivesandproperties?Sincesmokingdoessomanyharms,everyoneofusshouldtrytodosomethingtoputanendtotheproblem.Thegovernmentshouldmakestricterrulestoprohibitsmokinginpublicplacesandthesmokersshouldgiveupsmoking.〔169words〕實(shí)例2TheTearsofABird·Describethecartoonanddeducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture;·Statetheharmfuleffectsofthephenomenon;·Givesuggestionsastohowtosolvetheproblem.ModelCompositionAscanbeclearlyseenfromthecartoon,abirdissittingonthetopofahugeax,withtearsstreamingfromitseyes.Becauseallthetreesarecutdown,thebirdwillhavenohabitat.Thecartoonconveysthemeaningthatitisurgenttopreservethewoodsforthebirdsandprotecttheenvironmentforhumanbeings.Thecuttingoftrees,aswellasthedestructionofourenvironment,mayleadtoseveralharmsasfollows.Inthefirstplace,thetreesprovideuswithmanyvitalthingswehumansneed,suchasoxygen,food,shelterandsoon.Theanimals,suchasthebirdinthepicture,alsoneedthetrees.Inthesecondplace,iftreesarecutdown,thentherewillbenothingtoretaintherainwater,thusfloodswillhappenmoreofteninthefuture.Lastbutnotleast,thereisonlyoneearth.Iftheenvironmentisdestroyed,thenwewillhavenoplacetolivein.Sincethisphenomenoncausessomanyharmfuleffects,wehavetocomeupwithsomemeasurestodealwithit.Firstofall,theauthoritiesshouldadoptthepolicyof“sustainabledevelopment〞,justasourgovernmenthasbeendoing.What’smore,everycitizenshouldrealizetheseriousnessoftheproblemandmakeconcertedeffortstoprotectourenvironment.實(shí)例3LoveAmongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,buteveryonehashis/herunderstandingofit.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto·showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow,·giveaspecificexample,and·giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoshowlove.ModelCompositionItisgenerallybelievedthatloveisahottopicwhichismosttalkedabout.ThisistruenotonlyinChinabutalsoinothercountries.Loveisoftheutmostimportancetothehumanbeings.

Asisdescribedinthepicture,“l(fā)oveisalampwhichisbrighterindarkerplaces.〞Thisisindeedtrue.Peopleindarkerplacesneedmorelightthanordinarypeople.Takemyneighborasanexample.Therearethreemembersintheirfamilyandthetwoadultswerelaidofflastyear.Theonlychildwillhavetodropoutofschoolnextsemester.Inordertohelpthem,Idonatedallmymoney—300yuantopaythetuition.AndIplantocallonotherstodonatemoremoney.〔11〕ThoughIcannotdoalot,Ihavegivenlovewhichislikealampinadarkplacewherelightismostneeded.Sotosumup,weshouldofferourhelptoallwhoareinneed.Weexpecttogetlovefromothersandwealsogivelovetoothers.Ibelievethattherelationshipbetweenpeoplewillbeharmoniousandoursocietywillbeabetterplaceforustolivein.Follow-upExerciseHomework·

Showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthecartoon;·

Statethenegativeeffectsofthephenomenon;·

Giveyoursolutionstotheproblem.〔Clue:麻將牌mahjongpieces,打麻將playmahjong〕二、應(yīng)用文題型〔AppliedWriting〕應(yīng)用文的范圍很廣，包括書信、便條、廣告、簡(jiǎn)歷以及通知等諸方面。英語(yǔ)考試中的應(yīng)用文以書信為主、兼或有報(bào)告、演講詞、導(dǎo)游介紹之類的要求，這一點(diǎn)在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試中屢有所見。三、比照題型〔ContrastandComparison〕所謂比照題型作文是指針對(duì)某個(gè)問題，有兩種不同觀點(diǎn)，要求考生對(duì)這兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，說明理由。其常見形式是：一、目前存在某個(gè)問題，人們有不同的觀點(diǎn)；二、兩種觀點(diǎn)各自的理由；三、我的看法。大家看一下往年的一些考試題目，體會(huì)一下該題型的特點(diǎn)。實(shí)例1----1999年6月真題Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline〔giveninChinese〕below:·

有人認(rèn)為讀書要有選擇·

有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書·

我的看法ModelCompositionReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?Whenitcomestothechoicebetweenreadingselectivelyorextensively,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.Somearguethatweshouldbecarefulinchoosingreadingmaterials,whileothersmaintainthatwecanbenefitmorefromreadingasmanykindsofbooksaspossible.Thefirstgrouphavetheirargumentsasfollows.Ontheonehand,ourtimeislimited,therefore,wehavetoputoureffortsinthemostimportantbooks.Ontheotherhand,weneedspecializedknowledgeinordertofindagoodjob.However,otherpeoplebelieveweshouldreadextensively.Foronething,extensivereadingcanbroadenourhorizon.Foranother,weneedabroadeducationtobetterunderstandtheworldaroundus.AsfarasIamconcerned,IprefertoreadextensivelybecauseIhaveawiderangeofinterests,suchasinliterature,incomputerscienceandsoon.Asaresult,extensivereadingmaysatisfymyneedandmakemehappy.〔160words〕實(shí)例2----2000年6月真題Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicIsATestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:·

很多人認(rèn)為有必要舉行英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)考試，理由是……·

也有人持不同的意見，……·

我的看法和打算ModelCompositionAtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest〔CET〕.TherearemanyargumentsaboutwhetheratestofspokenEnglishisnecessaryornot.

SomepeoplebelieveittobetheonlywaytotesthowexamineesspeakEnglish,thatis,howwelltheydoinpronunciation,intonation,fluencyandetc.Ontheotherhand,someholdthatatestofspokenEnglishcannotmeasurehowwellthestudentshavedoneinEnglishspeaking.Theworseisthatitcandonothingbutburdenthestudentsandmakethemdemotivatedunderthepressureofanexamination.Asforme,IthinkatestofspokenEnglishinCETcanshowwhatandhowwelltheexamineeshavedoneinEnglishspeaking.Theresultsofthespokentestarejustlikemirrors,throughwhichtheexamineescanchecktheirworkandbecomeawareofwhichaspectstheyarenotgoodat,sothattheywillmakemuchimprovementtrainingconcerned.Asfarasexamineesarconcerned,theycanmotonlyknowtheyhavedonebutalsofindoutwhattheystilldon’tknoworwhattheyhavenotmasteredwell.Thustheywillbeinspiredtogreatereffortstoimprovetheirstudyingmethodsoastomakegreaterprogress.

Insummary,atestofspokenEnglishdoesmoregoodthanharmforexaminees.Weshouldtakeapositiveattitudetowardsit.Weshouldtakefulladvantageofitandavoiditsdisadvantages.實(shí)例3－06年12月真題TheSpringFestivalGala1、

許多人喜歡在除夕觀看春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)2、

有些人卻提出取消春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)3、

在我看來……ModelCompositionThereisalwaysaheateddiscussionovertheissueoftheSpringFestivalGalaorganizedbyCCTVbeforeandaftertheChineseLunarNewYear.Somepeopleareinfavoroftheprogram,whileothersmaintainthattheprogramisawasteofmoneyandtime.Intheeyesofthefirstgroupofpeople,theSpringFestivalGalashouldbeencouragedforthefollowingreasons.First,thegalahasbecomeatraditionformostpeopletospendtheholiday,andtheyfeelthattheycanfindnothingelsetodo.Besides,theprogramcanoffersometalkingmaterialsfortheirfamily,friendsandrelatives.However,thosewhoargueagainstthegalaandproposetocancelitalsohavetheirreasons.Tobeginwith,thegalacostsalot,butthequalityisnotasgoodasexpected.What’smore,peoplemaydosomethingelseifthegalsiscancelled.Forexample,thefamilymayplaygames,orchatwitheachothertotherelationbetweeneachmuchcloser.Asisdiscussedabove,itisobviousthatthereissometruthinbotharguments.Inmyopinion,theprogramdoesmoreharmthangoodifwatchingitistheonlythingtodoontheeveofthelunarnewyear.Itislikelytomakethismostimportantfestivalboringandmeaningless.

Follow-upExercises1995年1月真題CanMoneyBuyHappiness?·

有人認(rèn)為金錢是幸福之本〔sourceofhappiness〕；·

也有人認(rèn)為金錢是萬惡之源〔rootofallevil〕；·

我的看法。1996年1月真題TheTwo-dayWeekend·

雙休日給大學(xué)生帶來的好處；·

問題；·

我應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣過好雙休日。1998年6月真題Do“LuckyNumbers〞ReallyBringGoodLuck?〔1998.6〕·

有些人認(rèn)為某些數(shù)字會(huì)帶來好運(yùn)；·

有人認(rèn)為數(shù)字和運(yùn)氣無關(guān)。范文〔略〕，可自己練習(xí)四、

問題解決題型〔ProblemSolution〕問題解決型作文和比照題型作文是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)測(cè)試經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的題型。如在圖表作文中，第一段要求大家對(duì)圖表描述，而往往在第二段、第三段就要求分析原因和提出解決方法。至于提綱型作文那么很大以局部是提出一個(gè)問題的兩種不同看法，讓大家進(jìn)行分析。從這個(gè)意義上來說，這兩種題型是四級(jí)作文考試的核心題型。所謂問題解決題型是指題目要求大家對(duì)社會(huì)上存在的某個(gè)問題提出解決方法；其常見形式是：一、目前存在某個(gè)問題；二、這種問題的危害或產(chǎn)生原因；三、給出解決方法。實(shí)例1----2001年1月真題Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline〔giveninChinese〕below：·

上大學(xué)的費(fèi)用〔tuitionandfees〕可以通過多種渠道解決·

那種渠道適合于我〔說明理由〕ModelCompositionHowIFinanceMyCollegeEducationNowadays,tuitionandfeesforcollegeeducationaremuchhigherthaneverbefore.Howtofinancecollegeeducationhasbecomeamatterofconcernformanystudents.Differentpeoplehavedifferentwaystosolvethisproblem.Somegetallofthemoneyfromtheirparents.Someapplyforaloanespeciallysetupforcollegestudents.Someacquirethemoneycompletelybythemselves,doingafull-timejobinsummerorwinterholiday.Someotherstudentsmayasktheirparentsformostofitandearntherestintheirsparetimeincollege,bydoingapart-timejob.AsfarasI’mconcerned,Ipreferthelastway.Havingacquiredmostofthetuitionandfeesfrommyparents,Ineedn’tworrytoomuchaboutthemoneyandcanconcentrateonmystudy;ontheotherhand,apart-timejobinmysparetimemakesmycampus-lifecolorful.Icanmakealotoffriends,improvemyabilitiesandlearnlotsofknowledge.So,Ichoosethiswaytocovermytuitionandfees.實(shí)例2----2001年1月真題Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:HowtoSucceedinaJobinterview·Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:·

面試在求職過程中的作用·

取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業(yè)知識(shí)、自信、實(shí)事求是……ModelCompositionHowtoSucceedinaJobInterviewJobinterviewsareveryimportant.Knowinghowtotakeagoodinterviewisimportantbecause,tosomeextent,tosucceedinajobinterviewmeanstobeofferedadesirablejob.Firstimpressionsareofparamountimportance.Thefollowingpointscanhelpyouimpresstheinterviewerfavorably.Firstofall,becarefulofyourappearance.Yourdressshouldbeformal,neatandproperfortheoccasion.

Secondly,punctualityisvitalandmakesuretoarriveontime.Thirdly,beconfidentinyourselfbutspeaktotheinterviewerinapolitemanner,andbemodestbutnothumbleaboutyourcapacity,whichwouldleaveagoodimpressiononyourwould-beboss.

Ajobinterviewisapotentialopportunityandchallengetoacquireagoodjob.Thedifferencebetweenapersonwhosucceedsandonewhodoesnotliesonlyinthewayeachtreatsopportunitiesandchallenges.Asuccessfulpersonisalwayswellpreparedtomeetbothofthemastheyarrive.Trytofollowthetipsmentionedaboveandyouaresuretosucceed.實(shí)例3IlliteracyAmongtheAdolescentsNowadaysoneoftheseriousproblemsChinaisfacedwithistheincreasingilliteracyamongtheadolescents.AccordingtoarecentsurveybyDr.Li,deanofEducationalDepartmentofBeijingNormalUniversity,about18%ofthechildrenbetween8and15yearsoldhavedroppedoutofschoolacrossthecountry.Thesamesurveyalsoindicatesthatthenumberofdrop-outsislikelytogrowintheyearstocome.Therefore,itisclearthatilliteracyhasbeengettingmoreandmoreserious.〔32〕Toaccountforthephenomenon,peoplehavecomeupwithvariouscausesaslistedbelow.Foronething,manyfamiliesarestilltoopoortoaffordschoolingfortheirkids.Takemyneighborasanexample.Therearethreemembersintheirfamilyandthetwoadultswerelaidofflastyear.Theonlychildwillhavetodropoutofschoolnextsemester.〔34〕Foranother,someparentsbelievethatschoolingisuseless,particularlyforgirls.Intheend,somestudentsareboredoftheschoollife,andtheydropouttoescapeteachersandlessons.〔20〕Whateverthereason,theissuehasturnedacripplingforcetothedevelopmentofourcountry.Therefore,somemeasuresshouldbetakentoputanendtothisproblem.Tobeginwith,ourgovernmentshouldmakestricterlawstoforbidparentstotakekidsawayfromschool.Inaddition,morefundsshouldbegiventothosepoorstudents.〔11〕Lastbutnottheleast,weshouldenhancetheawarenessoftheharmsofilliteracyamongthepeople.Onlythroughthesemeasurescanwehopetosolvetheproblem.〔269words〕Follow-upExercises1998年1月真題HarmfulnessofFakeCommodities·

目前社會(huì)上有不少假冒偽劣商品。為什么會(huì)有這種現(xiàn)象？·

舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對(duì)消費(fèi)者個(gè)人和社會(huì)等的危害。1996年6月真題GlobalShortageofFreshWater·

人們認(rèn)為淡水是取之不盡的〔雨水，河水，井水。。。。。?！场?/p>

實(shí)際上淡水是非常緊缺的〔人口增加，工業(yè)用水增加，污染。。。。。?！场?/p>

我們應(yīng)該怎么辦？1999年1月真題Don’tHesitatetoSay“No〞·

別人請(qǐng)求幫助時(shí)，在什么情況下我們會(huì)說“不〞；·

為什么有些人在該說“不〞的時(shí)候不說“不〞；·

該說“不〞時(shí)不說“不〞的害處。Overpopulation·

我國(guó)人口現(xiàn)狀；·

人口過多對(duì)我國(guó)的負(fù)面影響；·

解決方法。OnDesertificationOnUnemployment范文〔略〕，可自己練習(xí)五、

表達(dá)支持同意題型〔PositiveEnhancement〕

該類題目要求大家對(duì)社會(huì)上存在的某種積極的現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，說明其重要性或價(jià)值；其常見形式是：一、目前存在某種積極的現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)；二、該現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)的作用、意義或價(jià)值；三、呼吁結(jié)尾。

此類題目經(jīng)常和問題解決題型結(jié)合考查，可參考我們上面列出的2001年1月的真題。

其它類似題目還有實(shí)例1ModelCompositionPopulationCensusTherehasbeenagrowingconcernamongthegeneralpublicoverthepopulationcensuswhichisnowbeingconductedinourcountry.AccordingtoarecentpollmadebyBeijingYouthDaily,about80%oftheresidentshaveagoodunderstandingofthecensus,andtheyareverycooperativewithit.Thesamesurveyalsoshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleareconcernedabouttheresultofthecensus.〔18〕Itcanbeeasilyconcluded,therefore,thatthecensushasbecomeanimportantissueinourlife.Itsimportancecanbedemonstratedintwowaysasfollows.Foronething,thecensusisdirectlyrelatedtothesocietyingeneral.Ononehand,ourcountryhaslongcarriedoutthepolicyoffamilyplanning,andregularcensusmayhelpusgetabetterideaofourpopulationgrowth.Ontheotherhand,withthereformandopening-up,therehasbeenawidespreadmassmigrationmovement.Therefore〔18〕,itisnecessarytoknowthetrendsothatthegovernmentmaymakebetteruseofthelaborforce.Foranother,thecensusisalsoboundupwithourpersonallife.Itisthebestwaytomeasureourlivingstandards.Astheissueplayssuchakeyroleinoursociety,sufficientattentionshouldbepaidfromboththegovernmentandthepublic.Thegovernmentshouldmakesurethatthecensusiswellcarriedoutandthepeopleshouldbeactivelyinvolvedinthecensus.〔241words〕Follow-upExercises1997年6月真題GettingtoKnowtheWorldOutsidetheCampus·

大學(xué)生了解社會(huì)的必要性；·

了解社會(huì)的途徑〔群眾媒介，社會(huì)效勞等〕·

我打算怎么做。1995年6月真題AdvantagesofaJobInterview〔1995.6〕·

現(xiàn)在找工作一般都要進(jìn)行面試，通過面試面試者和應(yīng)試者可以相互了解情況；·

面試者可以向應(yīng)試者介紹情況，如工作性質(zhì)，條件和待遇等；·

應(yīng)試者也有時(shí)機(jī)給對(duì)方一個(gè)好的印象，如可以表現(xiàn)出自信心，可以介紹教育背景，工作能力等。范文〔略〕，大家可自己練習(xí)。ModelCompositionWhatICanDofortheBeijingOlympics〔OnBeijing’sHoldingthe2023Olympics〕

Beijingwonthebidforthe2023OlympicsinJuly,2001,whichisagreatsuccessbothnationallyandinternationally.ItprovesthatChinaisgettingstrongerandstrongerandisplayingamoreimportantpartintheworldsports.AllChineseshoulddosomethingfortheBeijingOlympics.Asacollegestudent,Icancontributetoitinthefollowingways.Inthefirstplace,sincemoreforeignerswillcometoChinabeforeandduringtheOlympics,IplantolearnEnglishevenbettertointroducetothemtheChinesecultureandtradition.Moreexactly,Ihavetopracticemyspok