一輪學案專題十二構詞法

專題十二構詞法核心考點課堂突破高考感悟單句填空1.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis(extreme)challenging.2.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)ChineseNewYearisa(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.3.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)The(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.4.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.5.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Filledwith(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.6.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Asthesmallboatmoved(gentle)alongtheriver,hewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.7.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Historical(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.8.(2020·北京卷)Oliversaysifyou’re(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemifyoucanjoininwhenit’spossible.9.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Runningischeap,easyandit’salways(energy).10.Thebesteducationshouldnotbeavailableonlyto(wealth)people.考點歸納考點一構詞法的種類構詞法合成名詞weekend,cowboy,sunlight合成形容詞part-time,first-class,good-looking合成副詞someday,anywhere,however其他合成詞somebody,safeguard,without名詞?形容詞light光線/輕的right右邊/對的名詞?動詞taste味道/嘗dress連衣裙/穿衣動詞?形容詞open打開/開著的clean打掃/干凈的形容詞?副詞late晚的/遲到hard艱苦的/努力地前綴disable,impossible,nonstop,disability,disadvantage,disagreement后綴changeable,childhood,friendship混成法breakfast+lunch→brunch截短法laboratory→lab首字母縮略法GrossDomesticProduct→GDP考點二合成法合成法就是由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。詞與詞之間有的用連字符“-”連接,有的直接連寫在一起,還有的分開寫。1.合成名詞合成方式例詞n.+n.weekend周末womandoctor女醫(yī)生seafood海鮮boyfriend男朋友policeofficer警官cowboy牛仔mooncake月餅sunlight陽光chairman主席n.+v.-ingstory-telling講故事handwriting書法sightseeing觀光shoe-making鞋子制作續(xù)表合成方式例詞n.+v.sunrise日出haircut理發(fā)toothpick牙簽daybreak破曉v.-ing+n.washingmachine洗衣機writingdesk寫字桌runningwater自來水readingroom閱覽室v.+n.cookbook食譜playground操場typewriter打字機adj.+n.supermarket超市blackboard黑板greenhouse溫室freeway高速公路n.+in+n.editor-in-chief總編father-in-law岳父,公公mother-in-law岳母,婆婆其他output產量looker-on旁觀者income收入get-together聚會breakfast早餐2.合成形容詞合成方式例詞n.+過去分詞snow-covered被雪覆蓋的man-made人造的n.+v.-ingpeace-loving愛好和平的paper-making造紙的Chinese-speaking講漢語的adj.+n.part-time兼職的full-time全職的n.+adj.ice-cool處變不驚的snow-white雪白的worldwide世界范圍的lifelong終生的grass-green草綠的num.+n.second-hand二手的first-class一流的num.+n.+adj.five-year-old五歲的200-meter-long200米長的adj.+n.+-edwarm-hearted熱心的kind-hearted好心的middle-aged中年的adj.+v.-ingordinary-looking相貌平平的good-looking好看的easy-going隨和的其他well-known著名的ten-storeyed10層的face-to-face面對面的3.合成副詞合成方式例詞adj.+n.someday某天sometime某個時間adv.+n.overhead在頭上downstairs在樓下indoors在室內outdoors在戶外adj.+adv.anywhere任何地方somewhere某處其他maybe可能however然而4.其他合成詞合成方式例詞合成代詞somebody某個人everything一切everybody每個人anyone任何人續(xù)表合成方式例詞合成動詞overwork加班oversleep睡過頭safeguard保護,捍衛(wèi)whitewash粉刷overhear偷聽合成介詞inside在……里面outside在……外面within在……范圍內without沒有throughout遍及考點三轉化法轉化法就是一個單詞由一種詞性轉化為另一種詞性而詞形不變。轉化方法例詞n.?adj.final決賽/最后的light光線/輕的right右邊/對的n.?v.doubt疑問/懷疑taste味道/嘗dress連衣裙/穿衣hand手/遞watch手表/觀看smell氣味/聞book書/預訂v.?adj.close關上/近的open打開/開著的slow變慢/慢的clean打掃/干凈的wrong不公正(或不誠實)對待/錯誤的narrow使變窄/狹窄的adj.?adv.late晚的/遲到enough足夠的/足夠地hard艱苦的/努力地考點四派生法派生法就是由一個詞根加上前綴或后綴構成另一個詞。1.前綴派生形式例詞auto-autobiography自傳automobile汽車automaker汽車制造商dis-disable使失去能力disadvantage缺點disagree不同意en-enable使能夠enact制定法律enrich使豐富fore-forearm前臂forecast預報forebear祖先im-impossible不可能的impolite不禮貌的impatient不耐煩的in-inactive不活躍的incorrect不正確的incomplete不完全的kilo-kilogram千克kilometer千米mis-mistake錯誤mislead誤導mistreat虐待misuse誤用multi-multimedia多媒體multinational跨國的,多民族的multi-coloured多種顏色的non-nonsmoker非吸煙者nonstop不停的nonsense無意義的話over-overweight超重的overcoat外套overboard在船外overdo做得過分續(xù)表派生形式例詞re-return返回,返還review復習reuse重新使用reunite使再結合tele-telegram電報telephone電話telescope望遠鏡television電視un-unsafe不安全的unsatisfied不滿意的unsocial非社會的unfair不公平的2.后綴派生形式例詞-aryrevolutionary革命的imaginary想象中的-ousglorious輝煌的joyous快樂的famous著名的religious宗教的-iveattractive有吸引力的talkative健談的sensitive敏感的-lyhappily快樂地strangely奇怪地gently輕輕地extremely極度地truly真實地-ward(s)backward(s)向后homeward(s)向家eastward(s)往東-wiseclockwise順時針方向的-alcultural文化的personal個人的regional區(qū)域性的musical音樂的-oractor演員professor教授-erengineer工程師driver司機teacher老師-essactress女演員poetess女詩人hostess女主人-mentmovement移動pavement人行道astonishment驚訝puzzlement迷惑disappointment失望argument辯論,論據-nesshappiness快樂selfishness自私kindness友好-tyrapidity迅速activity活動-eseChinese中國人/漢語Japanese日本人/日語-anAmerican美國的/人Australian澳大利亞的/人-istpianist鋼琴家socialist社會主義者-ianmusician音樂家Asian亞洲的/人-ifybeautify美化simplify簡化-enwiden加寬shorten縮短lengthen加長-edexcited興奮的interested感興趣的tired疲倦的-ingfeeling感情exciting令人興奮的building建筑物-domfreedom自由wisdom智慧kingdom王國-thtruth真相warmth溫暖width寬度-teenfourteen十四sixteen十六續(xù)表派生形式例詞-cyfluency流利privacy隱私;私密accuracy精確efficiency效率,功效-yrainy多雨的wealthy富裕的sunny晴朗的-ure/-turefailure失敗,沒做到pressure壓力mixture混合,混合物departure離開,出發(fā)-alarrival到達survival幸存approval同意burial埋葬續(xù)表派生形式例詞-ance/-enceappearance出現,外貌guidance指引,指導performance表演,節(jié)目existence存在,生存preference偏愛reference參考,查閱-domfreedom自由,自主wisdom明智;智慧-y-ty-ityhonesty誠實difficulty困難cruelty殘酷,殘暴safety安全disability無能,傷殘responsibility責任專項訓練鞏固提升Ⅰ.單句填空1.Peoplewithdisabilitiesarenowdoingmanythingsto(rich)theirlives.2.Itisyour(free)todowhatyouwantafterclass.3.Afteralongandheateddiscussion,thefinal(agree)wasarrivedatintheend.4.TheChinesepeoplearevery(friend)toforeigners.5.TheywerethekindthatIdidnothaveinmy(collect)soIplacedthemcarefullyinmybag.6.Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime.(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.7.Ronhada(success)careerandworkedforthecompanybeforeretiringandleadingarelaxedlife.8.Excessivedosage(劑量)ofthisdrugcanresultin(injure)totheliver.9.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.10.(obvious),thestoryisnottrue,butthefestivalisinteresting.Ⅱ.語法填空Writingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.Wewritetocommunicatewith1.(relate)andfriends.WithcomputersandInternet2.(connect)inmanyfamilies,schools,andcompanies,peoplearee-mailingothersallthetime,ortalkingtothemby3.(write)inonlinechatrooms.Itis4.(cheap)thancallinglong5.(distant).Studentsaree-mailingtheir6.(teach)toreceiveanddiscusstheirclassroomtasksandtot