高中時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

英語中的時(shí)態(tài)動詞時(shí)態(tài)是謂語動詞所表示動作和情況發(fā)生時(shí)的各種形式。動詞時(shí)態(tài)英語時(shí)態(tài)共有16種，其中常用時(shí)態(tài)為12種.tense一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在dodoesam/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoing過去didwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing將來shall/willdoshall/willbedoingshall/willhavedone過去將來should/woulddo時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性,習(xí)慣性的動作,表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)和動作.常與頻度副詞連用.Henevercomestoschoolwithouttakingataxi.Wedon’tlikeChineseclassesbecausetheyaresoboring.Itoftenrainshereinwinter.often,usuallyalwayssometimesseldomnever,everydayfrequently…普遍真理,諺語,科學(xué)論斷,劇本等1.Doyouknowhowfastsoundtravels?2.Galileodecidedthatobjectsfalltothegroundatthesamespeedexceptthattheairholdsthemback.3.Waterboilsat100°C.4.Pridegoesbeforeafall.5.MoreteenagersTryCigarettes在時(shí)間與條件句子中表示將來如：when,if,until,unless,before,assoonas,after,everytime,themore…themore…程度狀語從句中等。

Supposehecomestomorrowwithagun,whatshallwedo?Themoreyougivehim,themorehewants.

Wouldyoupleasegivehimthemessagethemomenthe_____?A.arrivesB.istoarriveC.willarriveD.willbearriving2.He’llhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe____fromtheuniversity.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate√√注意下面一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在句中的用法Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.Beforeyouleavetheclassroom,seetoitthatthedoorislocked.ThetrainfromBeijingarrivesatPlatform8at8:15在There,here開頭的倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)中,在makesure,seetoitthat,besure短語后接從句結(jié)構(gòu)中和時(shí)間表規(guī)定好的要發(fā)生的動作,通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).高考時(shí)態(tài)題1.IknowalittlebitaboutItalyasmywifeandI________thereseveralyearsago.aregoingB.hadbeenC.wentD.havebeen(全國07)√2.—Didyoutidyyourroom?—No,IwasgoingtotidymyroombutI

______visitors.A．hadB．haveC．havehadD．willhave上海07√3.HowcanIapplyforanonlinecourse?Justfilloutthisformandwe_____whatwecandofouryou.A．seeB．a(chǎn)reseeingC．haveseenD.willsee(北京07)√4.John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe_______forthewedding.

A.willplan B.hasplanned C.wouldplanD.hadplanned(全國06)√5.Iwon'ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe____onitformorethananhour.A.hasbeenworkingB.willhaveworkedC.willhavebeenworkingD.hadworked(湖北06)√6.Mary,______here--everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.A.comeB.comesC.tocomeD.coming(06)全國√7.Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement______.A．hasbeenreachedB．hadbeenreachedC．hasreached D．hadreached(江蘇07)√8.Theflowersweresolovelythatthey___innotime.soldB.hadbeensoldC.weresoldD.wouldsell(全國07)√2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成:am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在一階段所進(jìn)行的動作：Whereisyourfather?Heisplayingmahjongdowninthebasement.Wearethinkingofsettingupabandsincesomanystudentslikeplayingmusicinstruments.表示思維、狀態(tài)與感覺的動詞如love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,believe,think等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。Whatdoyouthinkof(about)thenewteacher?比較：Whatareyouthinkingabout?（“思考”不是“認(rèn)為”）表示感覺的動詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí),而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),如:feel,taste,smell,look…表示狀態(tài)的詞,如:contain,include,have,exist,belong等不用進(jìn)行時(shí)Thematerialfeelssoft.TheexpensivecarbelongstoMr.Green.表示說話人的感情,如:贊揚(yáng),厭惡,帶有感情色彩,常與always連用.Youarealwayscominglate.Heisalwaysdoingwellintheexamination.表示最近或按計(jì)劃安排的動作：ThebusisarrivingatXingzhuangstation(stop).I’mverysadbecausemyolddogisdying.1.-Isthisraincoatyours?

-No,mine____therebehindthedoor.

A.ishanging B.hashung C.hangs D.hung2．I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida.I_______mymum.A．a(chǎn)mtaking B．havetakenC．take D．willhavetaken3．Anewcinema____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A．willbebuilt B．isbuilt C．hasbeenbuiltD．isbeingbuilt√√√3.一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況We’ll(shall,will)becarefulindealingwithsuchkindofpeople.ShallImakeaphotocopyofit?(詢問)ShallwegototheOrientalPearlTowertohaveaskydivingthere?（建議）u

begoingto亦可表示將來或有跡象表明要發(fā)生的情況。注意，在表示“打算”、“準(zhǔn)備”做什么時(shí)，往往不用will(shall)，如：Lookatthedarkcloud.Ithinkit’sgoingtorain.Wearegoingtohaveapicnicnextweekend.如：Whensheleavesyou,you’llfindyoucan’tdowithouther.但是，雖然begoingto可以用來表示將來，但有條件句或表示假設(shè)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主句中，一般都使用will而不是

begoingtoIfyoudaretobullykidsagain,you’llbedead.u

betodosth.表示計(jì)劃、安排、預(yù)計(jì)等ThetunnelistobeopentotrafficonNewYear’sDay.ThepresidentistoarriveinBeijingthisafternoon.Youarenottoopenthedoor.表示命令表示動作即將發(fā)生Theywereabouttoleave.此結(jié)構(gòu)不與時(shí)間狀語連用.beabouttodo..You’veleftthelighton.Oh,soIhave.____andturnitoff.A.I’llgoB.I’vegoneC.IgoD.I’mgoing—Don'tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.

—______.

A.Idon't

B.Iwon't

C.Ican't

D.Ihaven't√√3.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey____.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive√4.Nextyearmysister___tenyearsold.shallB.isgoingtobeC.isabouttobeD.willbe√一般將來時(shí)小節(jié):will/shall+動詞原形表示將來發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài).2.begoingtodo表示最近人的打算,意圖或有跡象表明要發(fā)生的事情.3.betodo事先安排好要發(fā)生的事情4.beabouttodo即將要發(fā)生的事情.4.一般過去時(shí)表達(dá)過去的情況或動作。Whoputforwardthesuggestion?Ididn'tknowyouwerehere.*Sheworkedfortenhoursyesterday.容易寫成：Shehadworkedfortenhours…應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)但常常被忽略的例子：Whatwasthescore?（比賽已經(jīng)過去）Howdidyoulikeherperformance?（剛剛演完）Ididn’tknowyouwereapoliceofficer.（現(xiàn)在知道了）Ineverthoughtshewouldbeyourwife!（當(dāng)時(shí)沒想到）Ididn’texpecttomeetyouhere.（當(dāng)時(shí)沒有料到）1.─Yourphonenumberagain?I____quitecatchit.─It's9568442.

A.didn't

B.couldn't

C.don't

D.can't2.–Nancyisnotcomingtonight.

--Butshe_____!

A.promises B.promisedC.willpromise D.hadpromised√√3.Thesummerholidayswehadbeenlookingforwardto___atlast.A.comingB.havingcomeC.hadcomeD.came√5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成:have/has+過去分詞A.從過去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在為止所發(fā)生的情況Wehaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime.Howmanypagesofthestoryhaveyouread?B.對現(xiàn)在依然有影響的情況和動作Seewhatyou’vedone!You’vegrownintoayoungman!要點(diǎn)：有下面的時(shí)間狀語要用完成時(shí)：since,sofar,uptonow,inthepast/lastfewyears(days),etc.

有具體過去時(shí)間，不用完成時(shí) 動詞不可延續(xù)，伴有連續(xù)時(shí)間狀語，不用完成時(shí)。如： ╳WehavecometoShanghaiforalmostthreemonths.1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I____her severaltimes.

A.hadmet

B.havemet

C.met

D.meet√2.IwonderwhyJenny___tousrecently.hasn’twrittenB.doesn’twriteC.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten√3.Howlong___atthisjob?Since1998.wereemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyouemployed√4.Wehaven’tseenyou____.inthepastfouryearsB.sincefouryearsC.lastfouryearsD.fouryearsago√6.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)注意現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較構(gòu)成:have/hasbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞過去某一時(shí)間開始發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在連續(xù)的動作和情況,動作也許還會持續(xù)下去Hehasbeencuttingthetreesincelunch.(Thetreeisstillthere.)比較：Hehascutthetree.(Maybethetreeiscutdown)Ihavewrittenaletter.(已寫完)Ihavebeenwritingaletter.(還在寫)Thesunhasrisen.太陽已升起來了.Thesunhasbeenrising.太陽正在冉冉升起1.Eventhoughthey___fortwentyyears,thetwoneighboursarenotongoodterms.A.havebeenlivedsidebysideB.hadbeenlivingsidebysideC.havebeensidebysidelivingD.havebeenlivingsidebyside√2.She___onthisessayfortwentyminutesbutshehaswrittenonlyaboutahundredwords.A.willbeworking B.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.willhaveworked√3.He___letterssincebreakfastandhe___threeletterssofar.haswritten;wrotehasbeenwriting;haswritteniswriting;haswrittenhasbeenwriting;writes√7.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成:was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞表示過去某個時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?AtthattimeshewaswatchingaTVprogramme.往往有具體的時(shí)間狀語，如:lastnight,atthattime,whenIcalled…,etc.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的使用實(shí)例：

警察破案調(diào)查：--Whatwereyoudoingwhenthemurderhappened?--Iwashavingagoodtimedancingwithalady.講述故事，描寫故事發(fā)生背景：

Oneday,wewerewalkingalongtheriverbankwhensuddenlyweheardsomebodycryingforhelp.…例：Shirley_____abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.

A.haswrittenB.wrote

C.hadwrittenD.waswriting

√IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hasbeenworkingD.hasworked√8.過去完成時(shí)構(gòu)成:had+過去分詞表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動作（過去的過去）。Bythetimehegraduatedfromuniversity,hehadlearnedaboutthreeforeignlanguages.Nosoonerhad…than…,Hardly(scarcely)had…when….需要倒裝。Nosoonerhadhearrivedhomethanitbegantorain.正常語序：Hehadnosoonerarrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.通常有下面的時(shí)間狀語出現(xiàn)：by…,untilthen,when…,before…,etc特別是在這樣的句型中：很多時(shí)候，句子并沒有給出時(shí)間狀語的提示，需要從上下文判斷是否有一個動作先發(fā)生。HecametoJapanfinally.Hehadn’tlearntawordofJapanesebefore.FortunatelyhecouldoftenrecognizetheJapanesewordswhichlookedmoreorlesssimilartoChinese.1.Hewasverysad,becausehedidn’tfindajobthoughhe_____foritforthreemonthswaslooking B.hasbeenlookingC.lookedD.hadlooked√2.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium___inBeijing.wouldbecompletedwasbeingcompletedhasbeencompletedhadbeencompleted√動詞語態(tài)(voice)動詞語態(tài)是表示動詞主語與動詞所表示的動作之間關(guān)系的一種動詞形式.動詞語態(tài)有兩種.主動(activevoice)和被動(passivevoice).主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者.被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者.構(gòu)成:be+過去分詞,其時(shí)態(tài)由be的不同時(shí)態(tài)來表示.一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone過去將來should/wouldbedoneshould/wouldhavebeendone時(shí)間狀態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)情態(tài)動詞+bedone一些特殊的被動語態(tài):1.帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞在改為被動語態(tài)時(shí),一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語,賓補(bǔ)保留在謂語后面.Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.2.常見主動形式表示被動意義的有:動詞want,need,require,deserve后用動名詞的主動形式Thechildrenneedlookingafter.Thepointdeservesmentioning.3.在以下動詞sell,read,wash,photograph,write,open,iron,worth,等后,用主動表示被動Thepencilwritessmoothly.Thedoorwon’topen/shut.Thegirldoesn’tphotographwell.Thegirlisn’tphotographedwell.Thebooksellswell.Thebookhasbeensold.Thematerialdoesn’twashwell.Thefilmisworthseeingtwice.Dampclothesironeasily.3.感官系動詞不用被動式:feel,smell,sound,taste,prove

…Thepieceofmeatsmell