2023年考研外語(yǔ)沖刺試卷4

考研外語(yǔ)沖刺試卷4

一、UseofEnglish

1、Ithasbeenjustlysaidthatwhile"wespeakwithourvocal

organswe(1)withourwholebodies,“Allofuscommunicate

withoneanother(2),aswellaswithwords.Sometimeswe

knowwhatwe'redoing,aswiththeuseofgesturessuchasthe

thumbs-upsigntoindicatethatwe(3)Butmostofthetime

we'renotawarethatwe'redoingit.Wegesturewitheyebrows

orahand,meetsomeoneelse'seyesand(4).Theseactions

we(5)arerandomandincidental.Butresearchers(6)

thatthereisasystemofthemalmostasconsistentand

comprehensibleaslanguage,andtheyconcludethatthereisa

whole(7)ofbodylanguage,(8)thewaywemove,the

gesturesweemploy,thepostureweadopt,thefacialexpression

we(9),theextenttowhichwetouchandthedistancewe

stand(10)_____eachother.

Thebodylanguageservesavarietyofpurposes.Firstlyitcan

replaceverbalcommunication,(11)withtheuseofgesture.

Secondlyitcanmodifyverbalcommunication.Loudnessand

(12)ofvoiceisanexamplehere.Thirdly'itregulates

socialinteraction:turntakingislargelygovernedby

non-verbal(13).Finallyitconveysouremotionsand

attitudes.Thisis(14)importantforsuccessful

cross-culturecommunication.

Everyculturehasitsownbodylanguage,andchildrenabsorb

itsnuances(15)withspokenlanguage.Thewayan

Englishmancrosseshislegsis(16)likethewayamale

Americandoesit.Whenwecommunicatewithpeoplefromother

cultures,thebodylanguagesometimeshelpmakethe

communicationeasyand(17),suchasshakinghandissuch

a(18)gesturethatpeopleallovertheworldknowthat

itisasignalforgreeting.Butsometimesthebodylanguage

cancausecertainmisunderstanding(19)peopleof

differentculturesoftenhavedifferentformsbehavior,for

sendingthesamemessageorhavedifferent(20)towards

thesamebodysignals.

A.address

B.reverse

C.converse

D.confer

2、⑵

A.verbally

B.nonverbally

C.vocally

D.unvocally

3、(3)

A.refuse

B.approve

C.suspect

D.alert

4、(4)

A.lookup

B.lookdown

C.lookaway

D.loOkback

5、⑸

A.resume

B.assume

C.presume

D.consume

6、(6)

A.havediscovered

B.haveinvented

C.pointedout

3

D.haverevealed

7、(7)

A.level

B.extent

C.group

D.range

8、(8)

A.included

B.including

C.include

D.inclusive

9、(9)

A.wear

B.puton

C.bring

D.hold

10、(10)

A.to

B.between

C.within

D.from

IK(ID

工4

A.asif

B.as

C.when

D.like

12、(12)

A.pitch

B.tone

C.frequency

D.volume

13、(13)

A.signs

B.gestures

C.movements

D.signals

14、(14)

A.specifically

B.specially

C.particularly

D.equally

15、(15)

A.also

B.along

5

C.besides

D.alone

16、(16)

A.nothing

B.something

C.anything

D.none

17>(17)

A.efficient

B.affective

C.effective

D.effectual

18、(18)

A.unusual

B.unique

C.ordinary

D.universal

19、(19)

A.hence

B.since

C.thus

D.and

20、(20)

A.interpretations

B.implicative

C.understanding

D.implications

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

RuthLawrence,agedten,madehistoryyesterdaywhenshecame

aclearfirstoutofthe530candidateswhotooktheentrance

examforSt.Hugh'sCollege,Oxford.Theallwoman'scollege

islikelytoofferherascholarship.Ruthsatthreein

three-hourpapers一AlgebraandGeometry;Calculus,

ProbabilityandStatistics;andMaths,PureandApplied."Iwas

happywiththefirsttwo,“shesaidyesterday,“butIwasn't

sureaboutthethird./z

Ruthwho1ivesinHuddersfield,hasneverbeentoschool.Her

father,HarryLawrence,acomputerconsultant,gaveuphisjob

whenRuthwasfivetoeducateherathome.Hermother,Sylvia,

whoalsoworksincomputers,isthefamilybreadwinner.

HarryLawrenceexplainedthat,besidesmathematics,Ruthalso

enjoyedEnglish,History,Geography,andothersubjects.She

begantoreadfourandstartedacademicsubjectsatfive."We

didnotstartoffwiththethoughtthatshewouldnotgoto

school,，zhesaid,“butweenjoyedatteachinghersomuchand

weseemedtobemakingquiteagoodjobofit,sowejustcarried

on.

Becauseshedoesnotgotoschool,Ruthhasnotmixedmuchwith

otherchildren."Sheenjoysseriousconversationwithadults,“

herfathersaid,“andIdon,tthinkshewillfeeloutofplace

atOxford.z，Hedoesnotthinksheworksharderthanother

childrenofherage,butheconcentratesonwhatsheenjoys,

principallymathematics."Shewatchestelevisionalittlebut

notasahabit,“heexplained,“butsheplaysthepianoandhas

quiteawiderangeofinterests.

IfshedoeswellatSt.Hugh(s,Ruthexpectstotakeafurther

degreeandeventuallyhopestobecomearesearchprofessorin

mathematics-anambitionshemayachievewhilestillinher

teens.TheLawrencefamilyplanstomovetoOxfordwhenRuth

entersthecollegeinOctober1991.?Beforethen,sheplansto

takefourAlevelstosatisfythecollegematriculation

requirements.

MissRachelTrickett,theprincipalofSt.Hugh,s,saidlast

不_____Q

嗎8

night."WeareallveryexcitedaboutRuth.Sheisobviously

quitebrilliantandhasshowngenuineoriginality.zzRuth's

futuretutor,Dr.GlenysLuke,admitsthattakingsoyounga

studentischallengingbutsaysitisonesheexpectstoenjoy.

“Ishalltailortheteachingtoherrequirements"shesaid.Ruth

shouldn'thavetosufferthesametensionsanddisappointments

thatolderstudentsfaced.IhopeIshal1makeitfunforher.”

LastnighttheLawrencefamilywerepleasedatRuth's

achievement."Wealljumpedupanddownabitwhenweheardthe

goodhens”,saidHarryLawrence.WhenRuthbecomesastudent,

HarryLawrencelooksforwardtoconcentratinghiseffortson

Ruth'syoungersisterRebecca,whoisnowseven."Sheisdoing

verywell,z，hesaid,“butit'stooearlytotellwhethershe

isamathematician.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.St.Hugh'sCollegeacceptsonlygirlstudents.

B.Ruthdidn，tdowellinthethirdexam.

C.Fromthebeginning,Ruth'sparentsdecidedtoeducateher

athomeinsteadofsendinghertoschool.

D.Ruthworksharderthanotherstudents.

2、

HowmanymembersarethereinRuth'sfamily?

A.Three.

B.Four.

C.Five.

D.Six.

3、

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase

“feeloutofplace”?

A.Feelfarbehindothers.

B.Feeluneasy.

C.Feellovely.

D.Feelnotaccustomedtotheplace.

4、

FromwhatDr.GleysLukesays,wemayguess.

A.thatsomeolderstudentshavehadsomeproblemsintheir

studies

B.thatshewilltailortheteachingtoherrequirements

C.thatshedoesn，twanttoteachsuchastudentasRuth

D.thatshewilltreatRuthexactlythesameasothers

5、

Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.

A.HowRuthMadeHistoryatOxford

B.OneCanDoWei1inStudywithoutGoingtoSchool

C.HowRuthBecameaMathematician

D.StudyIsFun

6、IsaacNewtonwasnotapleasantman.Hisrelationswith

otheracademicswerenotorious,withmostofhislaterlife

spentembroiledinheateddisputes.Followingpublicationof

PrincipiaMathematica一surelythemostinfluentialbookever

writteninphysics一Newtonhadrisenrapidlyintopublic

prominence.HewasappointedpresidentoftheRoyalSocietyand

becamethefirstscientistevertobeknighted.

NewtonsoonclashedwiththeAstronomerRoyal,JohnFlamsteed,

whohadearlierprovidedNewtonwithmuchneededdatafor

Principia,butwasnowwithholdinginformationthatNewton

wanted.Newtonwouldnottakenoforananswer;hehadhimself

appointedtothegoverningbodyoftheRoyalObservatoryand

thentriedtoforceimmediatepublicationofthedata.

EventuallyhearrangedforFlamsteed，sworktoheseizedand

preparedforpublicationbyFlamsteed'smortalenemy,Edmond

Halley.ButFlamsteedtookthecasetocourt,inthenickof

time,andwonacourtorderpreventingdistributiontothe

stolenwork.Newtonwasincensedandsoughthisrevengeby

systematicallydeletingallreferencetoFlamsteedinlater

editions9fPrincipia.

AmoreseriousdisputearosewiththeGermanphilosopher

GottfriedLeibniz.BothLeibnizandNewtonhadindependently

developedabranchofmathematicscalledcalculus,which

underliesmostofmodernphysics.Althoughwenowknowthat

NewtondiscoveredcalculusyearsbeforeLeibniz,hepublished

hisworkmuchlater.Amajorrowensuedoverwhohadbeenfirst,

withscientistvigorouslydefendingbothcontenders.Itis

remarkable,however,thatmostofthearticlesappearingin

defenseofNewtonwereoriginallywrittenbyhisownhand一and

onlypublishedinthenameoffriends!Astherowgrew,Leibniz

madethemistakeofappealingtotheRoyalSocietytoresolve

thedispute.Newton,aspresident,appointedan“impartial”

committeetoinvestigate,coincidentallyconsistingentirely

ofNewton，sfriends!Butthatwasnotall:Newtonthenwrote

thecommittee'sreporthimselfandhadtheRoyalSociety

publishit,officiallyaccusingLeibnizofplagiarism.Still

unsatisfied,hethenwroteananonymousreviewofthereport

intheRoyalSociety'sownperiodical.Followingthedeathof

Leibniz,Newtonisreportedtohavedeclaredthathehadtaken

greatsatisfactionin''breakingLeibniz'sheart.

Duringtheperiodofthesetwodisputes,Newtonhadalreadyleft

Cambridgeandacademe.Hehadbeenactiveinanti-Catholic

politicsatCambridge,andlaterinParliament,andwas

rewardedeventuallywiththelucrativepestofWardenofthe

RoyalMint.Hereheusedhistalentsfordeviousnessandvitriol

inamoresociallyacceptableway,successfullyconductinga

majorcampaignagainstcounterfeiting,evensendingseveral

mentotheirdeathonthegallows.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutIsaac

Newton?

A.Newtonwasthefirstscientistevertobeknighted.

B.Newtonwaseverinvolvedinheatedclasheswithother

academics.

C.EdmondHalleystoodagainstNewtoninhisclashwith

Flamsteed.

D.Newtonhadbeenactiveinanti-Catholicpoliticsat

Cambridge.

7、

Thesentence"Newtonwouldnottakenoforananswer“probably

means.

A.Newtondidn'tunderstandwhyFlamsteeddidso

B.NewtoncaredlittleaboutwhatFlamsteeddid

C.Newtoncoulddonothingwithouttheinformation

D.NewtonwouldnotaccepttherefusalofFlamsteed

8、

NewtontookhisrevengeonFlamsteed.

A.bycancelingallreferencetohiminlatereditionof

Principia

B.bytakingthecasetocourt

C.bydeprivinghimofhispostattheRoyalObservatory

D.bybreakingrelationswithhim

9、

ThewriterseemstothinkLeibnizlostlargelybecause.

A.Newtondiscoveredcalculusyearsbeforehim

B.allthescientistssupportedNewtoninsteadofhim

C.Newtonwasvocallytalented

D.heputthedisputetotheRoyalSociety

10、

Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.IsaacNewtonwasnotapleasantman.

B.PrincipiaMathematioaissurelythemostinfluentialbook

everwritteninphysics.

C.TheRoyalSocietyconsistedentirelyofNewton'sfriends.

D.NewtonhadadeephatredforLeibniz.

11>Whenyouaresmall,allambitionsfallintoonegrand

category:whenI'mgrownup.WhenI'mgrownup,yousay,I,11

goupinspace.I'mgoingtobeanauthor.I'11killthemall

andthenthey'11besorry.I'11bemarriedinacathedralwith

sixteenbridesmaidsinpinklace.I'11haveapuppyofmyown

andnoonewillbeabletotakehimaway.

Noneofiteverhappens,ofcourse一ordarnlittle,butthe

fantasiesgiveyoutheideathatthereissomethingtogrowup

for.Indeedoneofthesaddestthingsaboutgildedadolescence

isthefeelingthatfromeighteenon,it'salldownhill;Iread

withhorrorofanAmericanhippieweddingwheresomeonesaid

tothegroom(agedtwenty)“youseemsokindagrownupsomehow”,

andtheladhadtogoroundseekingassurancethathewasn't.

No,reallyhewasn't.Adeterminationtobebetteradultsthan

thepresentincumbentsisfine,buttorefusetogrowupatall

isjustplainunrealism.

Whenmychildrenaregrownup,I'11learntoflyanairplane.

Iwillcareerroundthesky,knowingthatifIdo"gopop”,there

willbenolittleonestosuffershockandmaladjustment;that

eveniftheworstdoescometotheworst,Iwillatleastdodge

thegeriatricwardandallthatlookforyourglassesinorder

toseewhereyou'veleftyourteeth.Whenmychildrenaregrown

up,r11havefragilelovelythingsonlowtables;I'llhave

awhitecarpet;I'llgotothepicturesintheafternoons.When

thechildrenaregrownup,I'llactuallybeabletodoaday's

workinaflay,insteadofspreadingoverthree,andgoaway

foraweekendwithoutplanningasifforatriptotheMoon.

WhenI,mgrownup—Imeanwhenthey'regrownup—I'11befree.

Ofcourse,Iknowit'sgottogetworsebeforeitgetsbetter.

Twelve-year-old,I'mtold,don'tgotobedatseven,soyou

don'tevengetyourevening.Oncethey'repasttenyouhaveto

startworryingabouttheirfriendsinsteadofsimplyshooting

theintrudersoffthedoorstep,andtosettledowntoasteady

tenyearsofcriticismofeverythingyou'veeverthoughtordone

orwon.Boys,itseems,maybelessofatrialthangirls,since

theycantgetpregnantandtheydon'tborrowyourclothes—if

theydoborrowyourclothes,ofcourse,you'vegotevenmore

toworryabout.

Theyoungdon'trespecttheirparentsanymore.Goodness,how

sad.Still,likeeatingsnails,itmightbeallrightonce

you'vegotovertheidea;itmightletusoffhavingtobother

quitesomuchwiththemwhenthetimecomes.Butoneissimply

notgoingtobeabletodroneawayone'sdays,toothlessbythe

fire,broodingonthepast.

Whatintereststhewriteraboutyoungchildrenisthatthey

A.havesomanyunselfishambitions

B.don'twanttobeaspaceman

C.alllongforadultcomforts

D.havesuchlongtermambitions

12、

Thewriterholdstheopinionthatfantasies.

A.satisfyambitions

B.lessenambitions

C.stimulateambitions

D.frustrateambitions

13、

Youngpeopleoftenfeelsthattheageofeighteenisthe

A.besttimeoflife

B.rightagetogetmarried

C.hardestpartoflife

D.gatewaytohappiness

14、

Thewriterseemstothinkthatasanadultonemust

A.achieveone'sambitionsatal1costs

B.continuetobeambitious

C.findacompromisebetweenambitionandreality

D.giveupallone'searlierambitions

15、

Whatdothewriterthinkabouthisorherchildren?

A.Theirbehavior,isimproving.

B.Theydon'tspendenoughtimeathome.

C.Theyareapproachingadifficultage.

D.Theyarechoosingstrangefriends.

16、Doanimalshavefights?Thisishowthequestionisusually

put.Itsoundslikeauseful,ground-clearingwaytostart.

Actually,itisn't,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreed

accountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnot

have.

Ononeviewofrights,tobesure,itnecessarilyfollowsthat

animalshavenone.Somephilosophersarguethatrightsexist

onlywithinasocialcontract,aspartofanexchangeofduties

andentitlements.Therefore,animalscannothaverights.The

ideaofpunishingatigerthatkillssomebodyisabsurd,for

exactlythesamereason,soistheideathattigershavefights.

However,thisisonlyoneaccount,andbynomeansan

uncontestedone.Itdefilestightsnotonlytoanimalsbutalso

tosomepeople一forinstance,toinfants,thementally

incapableandfuturegenerations,Inaddition,itisunclear

whatforceacontractcanhaveforpeoplewhoneverconsented

toit:howdoyoureplytosomebodywhosays"Idon'tlikethis

contract”?

Thepointisthis:withoutagreementontherightsofpeople,

arguingabouttherightsofanimalsisfruitless.Itleadsthe

discussiontoextremesattheoutset:itinvitesyoutothink

thatanimalsshouldbetreatedeitherwiththeconsideration

humansextendtootherhumans,orwithnoconsiderationatall.

Thisisafalsechoice.Bettertostartwithanother,more

fundamentalquestion:isthewaywetreatanimalsamoralissue

atall?

Manydenyit.Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferent

fromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect,extremistsofthiskind

thinkthatanimalslieoutsidetheareaofmoralchoice.Any

regardforthesufferingofanimalsisseenasamistake—a

sentimentaldisplacementoffeelingthatshouldproperlybe

directedtootherhumans.

Thisview,whichholdsthattorturingamonkeyismorally

equivalenttochoppingwood,mayseembravely“l(fā)ogical”.In

factitissimplyshallow:theconfusedcenterisrightto

rejectit.Themostelementaryform,ofmoralreasoning一the

ethicalequivalentoflearningtocrawl一istoweighothers，

interestsagainstone'sown.Thisinturnrequiressympathyand

imagination:withoutwhichthereisnocapacityformoral

thought.Toseeananimalinpainisenough,formost,toengage

sympathy.Whenthathappens,itisnotamistake:itisman

kind'sinstinctformoralreasoninginaction,aninstinctthat

shouldbeencouragedratherthanlaughedat.

Accordingtothepassage,thediscussionontherightsof

animals.

A.isusefulandground-clearing

B.shouldbebaseduponanagreedaccountofhumanrights

C.iseasytocarryon

D.shouldbethesameasthatofhumanrights

17、

Whydosomephilosophersholdtheviewthatanimalscannothave

rights?

A.Becausetheideaofpunishingatigerthatkillssomebody

isabsurd.

B.Becauseitdeniesfightsnotonlytoanimalsbutalsoto

somepeople.

C.Becausepeoplearealwaysobjectedtosocialcontracts.

D.Becauserightsexistonlywithinasocialcontract,aspart

ofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements.

18、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothe

passage?

A.Somephilosophers,believetorturingamonkeyismortally

equivalenttochoppingwood.

B.Arguingabouttherightsofanimalsisfruitlesswithout

agreementonhumanrights.

C.Itisafalsechoicetostartthequestion:isthewaywe

treatanimalsamoralissueatal1?

D.Animalsshouldbetreatedwithnoconsideration.

19、

Thewriterseemstothinkthatiiistotortureamonkey.

A.logical

B.reasonable

C.understandable

D.immoral

20、

Theword“instinct“probablymeans.

A.naturaltendency

B.qualityofbeingsuperior

C.moralreasoning

D.intelligence

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

C、D、E、F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Theworldhasspentonpreparationsforwarmorethan$112

billionayear,roughly$450perheadforeveryman,woman,and

childintheworld.Letusconsiderforamomentwhatcouldbe

donewiththissumofmoneyifitwerespentonpeaceandnot

onwar.(41).Therestshouldbespentinwaysthatwill,

atthesametime,beofbenefittomankindandasolutionto

theeconomicproblemofconversionfromwarindustrytothe

expansionofpeaceindustries.Astothisexpansion,letus

beginwiththemostelementaryofallneeds,namely,food.

(42).AverysmallpartofwhatisnowBeingspentupon

armamentswouldrectifyourpredicament(境況).Notonlycould

theAmericansurplusofgrain,whichwasformanyyears

uselesslydestroyed,bespentinreliefoffamine,but,by

irrigation,largeregions,nowdesert,couldbemadefertile,

and,byimprovementintransport,distributionfromregionsof

excesstoregionsofscarcitycouldbefacilitated.

Housing,evenintherichestcountries,isoftendisastrously

inadequate.Thiscouldberemediedbyatinyfractionofwhat

isbeingspentonmissiles.(43).Butitisnotonly

greaterexpenditurethatisneededineducation.Iftheterror

ofwarwereremoved,sciencecouldbedevotedtoimprovinghuman

welfare,insteadoftotheinventionofincreasinglyexpensive

methodsofmutualslaughter.(44).

Bythehelpofmodemtechniques,theworldcouldenterupona

periodofhappinessandprosperityfarsurpassinganything

knowninprevioushistory.Allthisispossible.Itrequires

onlyadifferentoutlookoninternationalaffairsanda

differentstateofmindtowardthosenationswhicharenow

regardedasenemies.Thisispossible,Irepeat,butitcannot

bedoneallatonce.(45).

A.Thereweremanywarsinthehistory4hatwastedalotofmoney.

B.Andschoolswouldnolongerthinkitapartoftheirduty

topromotehatredofpossibleenemiesbymeansofignorance

temperedbylies.

C.Atpresent,themajorityofmankindsuffersfrom

undernourishment,and,inviewofthepopulationexplosion,

thissituationislikelytogrowworseincomingdecades.

D.Educationisaverydifficultproblemnow,andweshouldpay

attentiontoit.

E.Someofit,atanyrate,inthemoreprosperouscountries,

couldbespentonthereductionoftaxation.

F.Toreversethetrendofaffairsinthemostpowerfulnations

oftheworldisnolighttaskandwillrequireadifficult

processofreeducation.

G.Educationeverywhere,butespeciallyinthenewlyliberated

countriesofAfricaandAsia,demandsanexpendituremanytimes

asgreatasthatwhichitreceivesatpresent.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Itwoulddoagreatdealofgoodifwestartedusingtheterm

“advisers"insteadof"teachers"forthosewhotrytohelp

peopletolearnforeignlanguages.Itwouldemphasizethatwhat

learnersneedisindividualattention.Itwouldalsoremind

everyonethattheresponsibilityforlearningisbasicallythe

student,s.Whatthestudentsneedsissomebodywhocandotwo

things:(1)showherorhimhowtolearnaforeignlanguage;

(2)answerquestionsaboutthelan