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課時作業(yè)(六)Unit2SectionⅢExtendedreading,Project,Assessment&Furtherstudy閱讀理解AAccordingtoarecentreport,about15%ofthepeopleintheUKaremembersofgyms.Butaretheymorelikelytobefit?Astudyfoundthatgymmemberswere14timesmoreactivethanpeoplewhodidn'tbelongtoanyhealthclub.Gymmembersdidsixhoursmoreexerciseaweek,andthisactivitydidmakethemfitterthannon-gymmembers.Theyalsospentlesstimesittingdowneverydaythannon-gymmembers.Theresultswerethesameformenandwomen.Thestudyincluded405peoplebetweentheagesof30and64,andthemaincharacteristicsofthosewhoweregymmemberswerethesameasthosewhowerenot.“Butgymmembersdidmoretrainingthannon-gymmembers,”saidtheleadauthor,ElizabethSchroederoftheUniversityofIllinois.Whileitmightseemclearthatgymmembersexercisingmorearehealthierthannon-members,Schroedersaysthishasnotbeendirectlyshownbefore.However,thestudyisonlydesignedtoshowatiebetweengymmembershipandmoreexercise.Itmaybethatactivepeopleliketojoingyms.Inthestudy,peoplewhoexercisedasmuchasgymmemberswerealsoingoodhealth.Youcangetthesamebenefitswhereveryouexercise.Thisstudyshowsagymmembershipcanmakeyoudomoreexercise,butotherresearchshowsthatexercisingoutsidehasotherhelp.Outdooractivitiescanmakeyoufeelhappyaboutlife—especiallyifyourunthroughaforest.Outdoorexerciseisalsomoreenjoyablethangoingtothegym.Thefirstfiveminutesofoutdoorexerciseisespeciallyhelpfulinmakingpeoplefeelgood.ButSchroedersaysthatagymmayalsoencouragegreaterexercisebecauseitcanbesocialandfun.1.Whatdidthenewstudyfindout?A.Gymmembershadhealthiereatinghabits.B.Therewerefewerwomengymmembersthanmen.C.Gymmembersdidatleasteighthoursofexerciseaweek.D.Gymmembersweremoreactivethannon-gymmembers.2.Inthestudy,researchersstudied________.A.somesportsloversB.405gymmembersC.peoplefromdifferentagegroupsD.30gymmembersand64non-gymmembers3.WhichofthefollowingwillElizabethSchroederagreewith?A.Womenshoulddomoregymexercise.B.Weshouldbecarefulwithoutdoortraining.C.Outdoorexerciseisbetterthangymexercise.D.Itiseasiertokeepexercisingifyougotothegym.BIfyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife,newresearchmayeasashock.Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy,peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.ScientistsinDenmarkhavebeenstudyingover1,000joggers(慢跑者)andnon-joggersfor12years.Thedeathratesfromthesamplegroupindicatethatpeoplewhojogataproperpacetwoorthreetimesaweekforlessthantwoandahalfhoursintotalareleastlikelytodie.Thebestspeedtojogatwasfoundtobeabout5milesperhour.Theresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnon-joggers.Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries.Overtime,thiscancauseseriousinjuries.PeterSchnohr,aresearcherinCopenhagen,said,“Ifyourgoalistodecreaseriskofdeathandimprovelifeexpectancy,joggingafewtimesaweekataproperpaceisagoodstrategy.Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary,anditmaybeharmful.”Theimplicationsofthisarethatmoderateformsofexercisesuchastaichi,yogaandwalkingmaybebetterforusthan“ironman”events,triathlonsandlong-distancerunningandcycling.AccordingtoJacobLouisMarott,anotherresearcherinvolvedinthestudy,“Youdon'tactuallyhavetodothatmuchtohaveagoodimpactonyourhealth.Andperhapsyoushouldn'tactuallydotoomuch.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strenuous”inParagraph1mean?A.Regular. B.Hard.C.Practical. D.Flexible.5.WhydoestheauthorpresentsomefiguresinParagraph2?A.Tosuggestgivingupjogging.B.Toshowrisksofdoingsports.C.Toprovidesupportiveevidence.D.Tointroducetheresearchprocess.6.Accordingtothescientists,whyistoomuchexerciseharmful?A.Itmayinjuretheheartandarteries.B.Itcanmakethebodytiredout.C.Itwillbringmuchpressure.D.Itconsumestoomuchenergy.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Noexerciseatallisthebestchoice.B.Moreexercisemeansahealthierlife.C.Marathonsrunnersareleastlikelytodie.D.Properexercisecontributestogoodhealth.CExercisemayholdthekeytoyouth,accordingtoastudypublishedonMondaywhichshowedpeoplewhokeepfitareuptonineyearsbiologicallyyoungerthanthosewhodonot.Thefindingsarethefirsttoshowinhumanshowkeepingfitaffectstheageingprocess.Thestudyof2,401twinsfoundthatasedentarylifestyleraisestheriskofarangeofproblemsfromheartdiseasetocancerandappearstoplayakeyroleintheageingprocess.Itallappearstoboildownto(歸結為)thelengthofstructurescalledtelomeres(染色體終端)—whichprotecttheDNAonthechromosomes(染色體),theresearchersfromKing'sCollegeLondonwroteintheArchivesofInternalMedicine.Manystudieshaveshowntelomeresgetshorterovertime,suggestingthecellsareageingordying.Thestudy,whichextracted(提取)aDNAsamplefromtheirvolunteers,foundpeoplewhoexercisedmoreeachweekhadlongertelomeres.Exerciselowerstheriskofarangeofproblemssuchasheartdisease,diabetesandcancer,theresearcherssaid.“Itisnotjustwalkingaroundtheblock.Itisreallyworkingupasweat.”saidTimSpector,ageneticepidemiologistwholedthestudy,inatelephoneinterview.Thestudyfoundpeoplewhoexercisedenergetically3hourseachweekhadlongertelomeresandtheywere9yearsbiologicallyyoungerthanpeoplewhodidunder15minutes.Spector'steam,whoalsoadjustedforbodyweight,smoking,economicstatusandphysicalactivityatwork,alsosaidmoderateexercisefor1-2hourseachweekprovidedafour-yearadvantage.Studyingtwinsalsoprovidedauniqueopportunitytojudgetheeffectsofexerciseonpeoplewiththesameorsimilargeneticmake-up,theresearcherssaid.Thereasonwhyexercisehasthiseffectisnotclearbuttheresearcherssaidtheybelievephysicalactivitysomehowdefendsagainstthenaturalprocesscalledoxidativestress(氧化
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