廣東省韶關(guān)市2023-2024學年高三上學期綜合測試（一）【期中】英語試題（ 含答案解析 ）

韶關(guān)市2024屆高三綜合測試(一)英語本試卷共10頁，卷面滿分120分。考試用時120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、準考證號、學校和班級填寫在答題卡指定的位置上。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。寫在本試卷上無效。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答。答案必須寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上。如需改動。先劃掉原來的答案。然后再寫上新答案：不準使用鉛筆和涂改液。寫在本試卷上無效。4.考生須保持答題卡的整潔。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題。每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AAsthesummerheatbuilds,wecouldn’thelpbutwonder.Isthereanybodyintheworldwhodoesn’tloveicecream?Icecreammaybeuniversallyappealing,butmanycountrieshavetheirownversion.Frozencustard,UnitedStatesDifferentfromfrozenyogurt,whichismadewithculturedyogurtandsugar,frozencustardisacombinationofmilk,cream,sugarandeggs.Whenitcomestoitsflavors,Americanstypicallyhaveachoicebetweenvanillaorchocolate.DairyQueen,theMidwestfastfoodrestaurantchain,andCulver’sandCarvelareallpopulargo-tospotsintheUS.Raspado,MexicoWhilesnowcones(雪糕筒)aremadeusingmassivelysweetsyrup(糖漿),raspadoshaverealfruitsorfreshfruitjuices.ThesweetandcoldtreatiscommonthroughoutMexicoandsoldatstreetcarts.Youwon’tfindMexicanseatingtheirraspadosincones.They’reonlyservedincups.Gelato,ItalyItaliangelatoislowerinfatthantraditionalicecreamandmixedwithwholemilk,eggs,sugarandflavoring.InItaly，gelatoisservedusingaspatula(小鏟)thatpressesthecooltreatintoacuporcone.Finardi’sgo-toinMilanisprobablythebestshopinItalywhichspecializesinchocolateflavors.Dondurma,TurkeyDondurmaismadewithmilkandsugar.Thesellersusuallyofferflavorssuchasvanillaandmelon.Buyingdondurmaislikewatchingaperformance.ThemenwhosellitweartraditionalTurkishcostumeandhat,twistandturntheicecreamuntilitlandsintoacone.Kidsandadultsgetakickoutoftheshow.Ifyouwanttotasteit,youcanbuytheirdondurmafromastreetcartoratafair.1.Whichicecreamsmayattractchocolatelovers?A.FrozencustardandGelato!B.RaspadoandGelato.C.FrozencustardandDondurma.D.GelatoandDondurma.2.WhatisspecialaboutDondurma?A.Itsflavors.B.Itsingredients.C.Itsproducingprocess.D.Itssellingway.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelbrochure.B.Ahealthblog.C.Acuisinemagazine.D.Anadvertisement.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了不同國家受歡迎的冰激凌口味及品牌。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句“Differentfromfrozenyogurt,whichismadewithculturedyogurtandsugar,frozencustardisacombinationofmilk,cream,sugarandeggs.Whenitcomestoitsflavors,Americanstypicallyhaveachoicebetweenvanillaorchocolate.”（與冷凍酸奶不同，冷凍酸奶是用酸奶和糖制成的，冷凍蛋奶凍是牛奶、奶油、糖和雞蛋的混合物。說到口味，美國人通常會在香草味和巧克力味之間做出選擇。）及第四段“Italiangelatoislowerinfatthantraditionalicecreamandmixedwithwholemilk,eggs,sugarandflavoring.InItaly，gelatoisservedusingaspatulathatpressesthecooltreatintoacuporcone.Finardi’sgo-toinMilanisprobablythebestshopinItalywhichspecializesinchocolateflavors.”（意大利冰淇淋的脂肪含量比傳統(tǒng)冰淇淋低，并混合了全脂牛奶、雞蛋、糖和調(diào)味品。在意大利，人們用鍋鏟將涼的冰淇淋壓入杯子或蛋筒中。米蘭的Finardi’sgo-to可能是意大利最好的巧克力口味店。）可知，F(xiàn)rozencustard和Gelato有巧克力口味，會吸引巧克力愛好者。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二三四句“Buyingdondurmaislikewatchingaperformance.ThemenwhosellitweartraditionalTurkishcostumeandhat,twistandturntheicecreamuntilitlandsintoacone.Kidsandadultsgetakickoutoftheshow.”（買dondurma就像看一場表演。賣冰淇淋的人穿著傳統(tǒng)的土耳其服裝，戴著帽子，把冰淇淋扭來扭去，直到它落在變成一個圓錐形。孩子和大人都能從中得到樂趣。）可知，Dondurma的售賣方式很特別。故選D項。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Icecreammaybeuniversallyappealing,butmanycountrieshavetheirownversion.”（冰淇淋可能具有普遍的吸引力，但許多國家都有自己的版本。）并結(jié)合下文對不同國家冰激凌的口味介紹可知，本文應(yīng)選自美食雜志。故選C項。BInjustafewhours,afourth-graderMaliahwouldboardaschoolbusalongsideherclassmatesandheadoutforatwiceweeklymorningofhorsebackridingatVictoriaAcresEquineFacility.VictoriaAcresfoundedin2012,empowersstudentswithdisabilitiesthroughhorsebackridingandprovidesmorethan2,300ridinglessonsandtherapies(療法)everyyear.Despitethebusyschedule,VictoriaAcrespaysextraattentiontothehealthandwell-beingofitseighttherapyhorses.Itmakessureeachanimalparticipatesinnomorethanthreehalf-hoursessionseachday.Manyoftheanimalsareolderwithagentleandcalmnature.Thismakesthemespeciallysuitablefortherapyrides.Maliah’sschoolrecentlyjoinedwithVictoriaAcres,inthenearbytownofGuilderlandtotryoutanewridingprogramtohelpindividualswithdisabilitiesbuildconfidenceandbecomestronger.MorganGrimmisaspecialeducationteacher.AccordingtoGrimmtheactivityhashelpedMaliah,whoisautistic(自閉癥兒童),toconnectwithothers.Shecanalsoenjoylearningoutsideatraditionalclassroom.“Onthedaysthatwe’renothere,she’sseekingalotmoreattentionandherbehaviorsareabitincreased.Butonthedayswecomebackfromthefarm,she’salotcalmer.”Grimmsaid.“We’reseeinganincreaseinhermakingsentencesandheroveralllanguage.”The10-year-oldstudentisoneoffourautisticstudentsparticipatingintheprogram.Theyrecentlyhadtheirfourthridingsession.Volunteerssaid,“Wecanseeclearevidencethatthosestudentswhoareparticipatingarebenefiting.Theirphysicalabilityandskillsareimproving,soaretheirsocialskills.Theyalsohavecognitivebenefits—thingsthathelpwithremembering,learningandusinglanguageandbetterconfidence.”It’scommonlybelievedthatstudentswithdisabilitieshavedifficultygettinginvolvedinsocialactivities.Becauseofthispreconception,theirparentsarenervoustotakethemoutinthecommunity.ButGrimmsaid,“thisisgreatexposureforthemtoseethatit’sawholenewworld.”4.WhydidMaliahandherclassmatesgotoVictoriaAcrestwiceaweek?A.Toexplorenature.B.Tolearnhorseriding.C.Toreceivetherapyrides.D.Torelaxthemselves.5.Whatplaysanessentialroleintheridingprogram?A.Teachers’comments.B.Good-temperedhorses.C.Tightschedules.D.Olderanimals.6.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparticipantsintheprogram?A.Theypreferlearningwithothers.B.Theyimprovephysicallyandsocially.C.Theyhardlybenefitfromtheprogram.D.Theylearnlanguagebetterthanothers.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preconception”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Afixedidea.B.Apersonalhabit.C.Anoutdatedtheory.D.Anoptimisticattitude.【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要介紹了VictoriaAcres為殘疾學生提供騎馬課程和治療，使他們身心都得到了改善?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Injustafewhours,afourth-graderMaliahwouldboardaschoolbusalongsideherclassmatesandheadoutforatwiceweeklymorningofhorsebackridingatVictoriaAcresEquineFacility.(在短短幾個小時內(nèi)，四年級的Maliah就會和同學們一起登上校車，前往VictoriaAcresEquineFacility參加每周兩次的騎馬活動)”和第二段中“VictoriaAcres,foundedin2012,empowersstudentswithdisabilitiesthroughhorsebackridingandprovidesmorethan2,300ridinglessonsandtherapies(療法)everyyear.(VictoriaAcres成立于2012年，通過騎馬為殘疾學生恢復(fù)能力，每年提供2300多節(jié)騎馬課程和治療)”可知，Maliah和她的同學去VictoriaAcres是為了接受騎馬治療，故選C。5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Manyoftheanimalsareolderwithagentleandcalmnature.Thismakesthemespeciallysuitablefortherapyrides.(許多動物年齡較大，天性溫和、冷靜。這使得它們特別適合用于療法騎馬)”可知，脾氣溫和的馬在騎馬項目中非常關(guān)鍵，故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Volunteerssaid,‘Wecanseeclearevidencethatthosestudentswhoareparticipatingarebenefiting.Theirphysicalabilityandskillsareimproving,soaretheirsocialskills.Theyalsohavecognitivebenefits—thingsthathelpwithremembering,learningandusinglanguageandbetterconfidence.’(志愿者說：‘我們可以清楚地看到，那些參與的學生正在受益。他們的身體能力和技能都在提高，他們的社交能力也在提高。它們對認知也有好處——有助于記憶、學習和使用語言，增強信心。’)”可知，騎馬項目的參與者身體方面和社交方面都得到了改善，故選B。【7題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前一句“It’scommonlybelievedthatstudentswithdisabilitieshavedifficultygettinginvolvedinsocialactivities.(人們普遍認為殘疾學生很難參與社會活動)”和下文“theirparentsarenervoustotakethemoutinthecommunity(他們的父母不敢?guī)麄內(nèi)ド鐓^(qū))”可知，人們普遍認為殘疾學生很難參與社會活動，正是由于這個固有觀念，殘疾學生的父母不敢?guī)麄兊缴鐓^(qū)，preconception意為“先入之見，預(yù)先形成的觀念”，故選A。CTherewasastrangestillness.Thebirds,forexample—wherehadtheygone?Manypeoplespokeofthem,puzzled,anddisturbed.Thefeedingstationsinthebackyardsweredeserted.Thefewbirdsseenanywhereweredying;theytrembledviolentlyandcouldnotfly.Itwasaspringwithoutvoices.Onthemorningsthathadoncethrobbed(跳動)withthedawnchorusofrobins,catbirds,doves,jays,wrens,andscoresofotherbirdvoices,therewasnownosound;onlysilencelayoverthefieldsandwoodsandwetlands.RachelCarsonwasascientistbyprofession.Buttheselinesfromtheopeningchapterofher1962bookSilentSpring,AFableforTomorrow,showhertalentasawriter.Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds,sheaimedtoalertnotonlythescientificcommunitybutalsothepublictothedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonecosystems—inparticular,totheharmfuluseofpesticides,suchasDDT.Shebelievedthatthechemicalindustrywasknowinglycausingharmtoplants,animalsandevenhumans,andwishedtoseepesticidesusedinamoreresponsible,limitedandcarefullymonitoredway.Carsonurgedpeopletomakethemselvesawareofthefactsanddosomethingaboutthesituation.SilentSpringcontainsalotofscientificresearchandcasestudies.Thebookdetailsthegypsymothwipeoutprogramme,whichkilledbirds.TheBookalsogivesexamplesofotherwipeoutprogrammersthatdidnothingtoreducetheproblemstheywereoriginallydesignedtosolve.Carson’smessagecausedagreatincreaseinenvironmentalawareness.Itsimpactwasimmediateandfar-reaching:TheuseofDDTwasbannedandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)wasestablishedintheUS.SilentSpringwasthereforeregardedasamilestoneinthelaunchofthegreenmovementintheWesternworld.Herbooknotonlychangedtheworld;halfacenturylateritremainsabookthatdeservestoberereadtoday.UnlesswedolistentoRachelCarson’swarning,onedaywemaywakeuptothestrangeandquiethorrorofanothersilentspring.8.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Todescribearealscene.B.Torecommendascientist.C.Tointroducethetopic.D.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.9.WhichofthefollowingstatementwouldRachelCarsonprobablyagreewith?A.DDTwasdoingharmtotheecosystemsonearth.B.Pesticideshadbeenusedbothresponsiblyandcarefully.C.Thehumanactivitiesdidnotcausedamagetonaturalecosystems.D.Thelinesfromtheopeningchapterofherbookwerejustafantasy.10.WhatwastheinfluenceofthebookSilentSpring?A.Itwasseenasafar-reachinggreenmovement.B.Itprohibitedtheuseofpesticidesaroundtheworld.C.Itbroughttheauthoragoodreputationaroundtheworld.D.Itraisedpeople’sconsciousnessofenvironmentalprotection.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsCarson’smessageinSilentSpring?A.Concerned. B.Disapproving.C.Doubtful. D.Objective.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.A【解析】【導語】本文是篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家RachelCarson所著的書《寂靜的春天》，書中描述了一個沒有鳥類的可怕世界，指出了人類活動對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)所造成的破壞，呼吁人們要認清現(xiàn)實、采取措施。Carson的書起到了積極的作用，不僅改變了世界，也值得我們再次去閱讀?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Therewasastrangestillness.Thebirds,forexample—wherehadtheygone?Manypeoplespokeofthem,puzzled,anddisturbed.”（有一種奇怪的寂靜。比如那些鳥，它們到哪里去了？許多人談到他們，感到困惑和不安。）、“therewasnownosound;onlysilencelayoverthefieldsandwoodsandwetlands.”（現(xiàn)在沒有聲音了；只有寂靜籠罩著田野、樹林和濕地。）及全段內(nèi)容可知，該段描述了一個沒有鳥類的寂靜的世界；結(jié)合第二段“Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds,sheaimedtoalertnotonlythescientificcommunitybutalsothepublictothedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonecosystems”（通過想象一個沒有鳥類的世界，她不僅要提醒科學界，還要提醒公眾人類活動對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞性影響。）可知，文章主要通過描述一個沒有鳥類的世界，來引出Carson的書中人類活動對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成破壞這一主題，故第一段的作用是引出主題。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds,sheaimedtoalertnotonlythescientificcommunitybutalsothepublictothedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonecosystems—inparticular,totheharmfuluseofpesticides,suchasDDT.”（通過想象一個沒有鳥類的世界，她不僅要提醒科學界，還要提醒公眾人類活動對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞性影響——特別是殺蟲劑的有害使用，如DDT。）可知，Carson認為使用如DDT之類的殺蟲劑是有害的，對地球上的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)會產(chǎn)生破壞性的影響。故選A。【10題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Carson’smessagecausedagreatincreaseinenvironmentalawareness.”（Carson言論極大地提高了人們的環(huán)保意識。）可知，Carson的書《寂靜的春天》極大地提高了人們的環(huán)保意識。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“UnlesswedolistentoRachelCarson’swarning,onedaywemaywakeuptothestrangeandquiethorrorofanothersilentspring.”（除非我們聽從RachelCarson的警告，否則有一天我們可能會在另一個寂靜的春天里醒來，看到奇怪而安靜的恐怖。）可知，作者認為人們應(yīng)該聽從Carson在《寂靜的春天》中的警告，否則世界會變得很可怕，可見是非常擔憂的。故選A。DTheprospectofrewardsusuallymotivatesus,butasignificantrewardcanhavetheoppositeeffect,resultinginunderperformanceunderpressure.Researchershavenowidentifiedapotentialbrainprocessbehindthisphenomenon.In2021,astudybyAdamSmoulderandhiscolleaguesatCarnegieMellonUniversityshowedthatevennon-humanprimates(靈長類動物)canfailtoperformwellwhenrewardsareabundant.Tobetterunderstandwhythishappens,thesameresearcherstrainedadifferentgroupofrhesusmonkeystoreachforasmallmovingtarget,whichrequiredfastandaccuratemovements,inexchangefordifferentquantitiesofsugarywater.Theyusedmicro-electrodes(微電極)torecordtheactivityofneurons(神經(jīng)元)intheanimals’motorcortex,thebrainregionthatplansandperformsmovements.Theteamfoundthatindividualcellsinthisregionweresensitivetothesizeoftheexpectedrewardandadjustedtheirresponsesaccordingly--increasingtheiractivityinexpectationoflargerrewardsanddecreasingitwhentheyexpectedsmallerones.Whenlookingatthecoordinatedactivityoftheregion’scells,theresearchersalsofound,witheachofthemonkeys“upcomingreaches,neural”signalsforplannedmovementswereassociatedwithadistinctpatternofneuralactivitythatwasresponsibleforplanningthecompletionofthemovement.However,whenthemonkeysexpectedalargereward,thedifferencesbetweenthemovementsignalsinthemotorcortexdecreasedsignificantly.Themovementplanninginformationthatwascodedinthecellpopulationbrokedown,makingthepatternsthatwereassociatedwitheachpossiblemovementhardertodistinguishfromoneanother,saytheresearchers.Whythisoccurs,however,isunclear.“We’dreallylovetofindoutifit’sthedopamine(多巴胺)systemgoingoutoforderthatthrowsthemotorcortexoffbalanceatthekeymoment,”saysstudyauthorAaronBatistaattheUniversityofPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Theresearchersexpectthatasimilarneurologicalbrainprocessoccursinpeople.“Withfurtherresearch,theresultsmaypointtowaysthatwecouldonedaywarnpeopleiftheymaybeabouttounderperformwhilestressed,”hesays.12.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theaimoftrainingthemonkeysforplentifulrewards.B.Themethodofobservingtheneuronsinthemotorcortex.C.Thereasonsforrecordingmovementsinthemotorcortex.D.Theprocessofstudyingmonkey’sbrainactivitiesforrewards.13.Whathappenedwhenthemonkeysexpectedabundantrewards?A.Thepatternsoftheirmotorcortexaredistinguished.B.Thecellsintheirmotorcortexbrokedownsignificantly.C.Thesignalsintheirmotorcortexbetterplannedthenextreaches.D.Themovementsignalsintheirmotorcortexbecamemoresimilar.14.Whatmaythefutureresearchfocuson?A.Howdopaminesystemworks.B.People’sperformanceunderstress.C.Non-humanprimates’brainactivities.D.Howmotorcortexkeepsitsbalance.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MoreStress,BetterMovementsB.LargerRewards,PoorerPerformanceC.HowMotorCortexPlansOurPerformanceD.WhyRewardsAffectMovementPlanningintheBrain【答案】12.D13.D14.B15.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了科學家對猴子進行的一項實驗，說明獎勵越多，表現(xiàn)越差的實驗結(jié)果?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Tobetterunderstandwhythishappens,thesameresearcherstrainedadifferentgroupofrhesusmonkeystoreachforasmallmovingtarget,whichrequiredfastandaccuratemovements,inexchangefordifferentquantitiesofsugarywater.Theyusedmicro-electrodestorecordtheactivityofneuronsintheanimals’motorcortex,thebrainregionthatplansandperformsmovements.”（為了更好地理解為什么會發(fā)生這種情況，同樣的研究人員訓練了另一組恒河猴去觸摸一個小的移動目標，這需要快速準確的運動，以換取不同數(shù)量的糖水。他們使用微電極來記錄動物運動皮層中神經(jīng)元的活動，運動皮層是大腦中計劃和執(zhí)行運動的區(qū)域。）可知，為了弄清楚為什么過多的獎勵會導致表現(xiàn)變差，研究人員訓練猴子去進行實驗，利用微電極來記錄它們大腦的活動，即該段主要描述了研究猴子大腦活動的過程。故選D項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“However,whenthemonkeysexpectedalargereward,thedifferencesbetweenthemovementsignalsinthemotorcortexdecreasedsignificantly.”（然而，當猴子期望得到很大的獎勵時，運動皮層中運動信號之間的差異顯著減小。）可知，當猴子期待得到更多獎勵時，他們的運動皮層中的運動信號差異顯著減小，會變得更加相似。故選D項?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Withfurtherresearch,theresultsmaypointtowaysthatwecouldonedaywarnpeopleiftheymaybeabouttounderperformwhilestressed”（隨著進一步的研究，結(jié)果可能會指明一些方向——我們有一天可以警告人們是否他們在壓力下也會表現(xiàn)不佳）可知，該研究未來的研究重點在于人類在壓力狀態(tài)下的表現(xiàn)。故選B項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“In2021,astudybyAdamSmoulderandhiscolleaguesatCarnegieMellonUniversityshowedthatevennon-humanprimatescanfailtoperformwellwhenrewardsareabundant.”（2021年，卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學的亞當·斯莫爾德和他的同事進行的一項研究表明，即使是非人類靈長類動物，在獎勵充足時也可能表現(xiàn)不佳。）并結(jié)合下文猴子實驗的結(jié)果可知，本文主要說明了一個研究結(jié)果即獎勵越多，表現(xiàn)越差。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Accordingtosomerecentresearch,healthy,stablefriendshipscanprotectagainstdepressionandanxiety,increaselifesatisfaction,andimprovehealth.Thosewhodon’thavestrongsocialconnections,meanwhile,haveariskofdisease.___16___.Howcantheyachieveit?Someexpertshavesharedtheirfavoritewaysasfollows.InvesttimeconsistentlyMakingtimeforthepeopleyoucareaboutandhavingsharedexperiencesplayanessentialroleindeepeningfriendships.___17___.Soyouaresupposedtoinvesttimeandeffort.Ifyoufindyoucontinuallyfailtoputintimewithyourfriends,addasectionforconnectiontoyourto-dolistandtakeaction.Getvulnerable.Onewaytogrowstrongerfriendshipsisallowingyourselftobeweak.Startbysharingsmallopinions,andthendiveevendeeperbytellingyourfriendswhatyou’recurrentlystrugglingwithandwhatscaresyou.___18___.Andeventually,youandyourfriendswillbeclosertogether.Mixinsomethingnew___19___.Thatgoesforbothconversationsandactivities.Carveoutmomentsofcommunicationthatyouandyourfriendsarefamiliarwith.Andbrainstormnewadventuresyoucantakeontogether,liketravelingtoyourshareddreamdestinationorjoiningasportteam.___20___Everyfriendshipwillunavoidablyarriveatsomesituationsthatareconcerning:thehighsandlowsinlifethataffecthowwelabelourrelationships.Wereyoutherewhenyourfriendsgotapromotionorwerediagnosedwithsomethingscary?Theanswerplaysalargeroleindetermininghowmuchyouvaluethatfriendship.Doremember:Yourcompanymatters.A.ValueyoursharedmemoriesB.ShowupfortheimportantmomentsC.PuttingnewenergyintofriendshipisanotherkeyD.Obviously,it’snecessaryforpeopletostrengthenfriendshipsE.YoumayfeellikeyouareburdeningpeopleifyouarevulnerableF.BeingvulnerableconveysthatyoulikeyourfriendsandtrustthemG.Researchsuggeststhatittakesover200hourstostrengthenfriendship【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.C20.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了鞏固友誼的一些方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Thosewhodon’thavestrongsocialconnections,meanwhile,haveariskofdisease(與此同時，那些沒有強大社會關(guān)系的人有患病的風險)”可知，增強友誼是非常的有必要的。D項：Obviously,it’snecessaryforpeopletostrengthenfriendships(顯然，鞏固友誼對人們來說是必要的)合乎題意。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后句“Soyouaresupposedtoinvesttimeandeffort(所以你應(yīng)該投入時間和精力)”由so可知，設(shè)空處和后句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，說明加強友誼需要投入時間。G項：Researchsuggeststhatittakesover200hourstostrengthenfriendship(研究表明，加強友誼需要200多個小時)合乎題意。故選G?！?8題詳解】本段的中心句為“Onewaytogrowstrongerfriendshipsisallowingyourselftobeweak(建立更牢固友誼的一個方法是允許自己軟弱)”，且根據(jù)上句“Startbysharingsmallopinions,andthendiveevendeeperbytellingyourfriendswhatyou’recurrentlystrugglingwithandwhatscaresyou(從分享一些小的觀點開始，然后更深入地告訴你的朋友你目前在掙扎什么，什么讓你害怕)”可知，設(shè)空處說明向朋友展示自己的脆弱說明了什么，F(xiàn)項：Beingvulnerableconveysthatyoulikeyourfriendsandtrustthem(脆弱表明你喜歡你的朋友并信任他們)承接上句，且呼應(yīng)本段的中心句。故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后句“Carveoutmomentsofcommunicationthatyouandyourfriendsarefamiliarwith.Andbrainstormnewadventuresyoucantakeontogether,liketravelingtoyourshareddreamdestinationorjoiningasportteam.(擠出一些你和朋友都熟悉的交流時間。集思廣益，你們可以一起進行新的冒險，比如去你們共同的夢想目的地旅行，或者加入一個運動隊。)”說明為友誼注入活力的具體內(nèi)容，C項：Puttingnewenergyintofriendshipisanotherkey(為友誼注入新的活力是另一個關(guān)鍵)合乎題意。故選C?！?0題詳解】設(shè)空處概括本段內(nèi)容，為本段中心句。根據(jù)后文“Wereyoutherewhenyourfriendsgotapromotionorwerediagnosedwithsomethingscary?Theanswerplaysalargeroleindetermininghowmuchyouvaluethatfriendship.Doremember:Yourcompanymatters.(當你的朋友升職或被診斷出患有某種可怕的疾病時，你在場嗎?答案在很大程度上決定了你對這段友誼的重視程度。記?。耗愕呐惆楹苤匾?。)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為在重要的場合，陪伴很重要。B項：Showupfortheimportantmoments(在重要時刻出現(xiàn))合乎題意。故選B。第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項。AsIapproachthehospitalwearingmywhitecoat,Ilookjustlikeanyotherdoctor.ThatisuntilIputonmycurlyrainbowwig,bigrednose,andaddmynamebadge“DoctorLarryLaugh-Out-Loud”.Iwalkthroughthedoorsintothewaitingarea,wherethere’safamiliaratmosphereofboredomand___21___.Peoplesituncomfortablyonplasticchairs,lookingthrougholdmagazines,allofwhichhavebeenreadhundredsoftimespreviously.Anxiousparentsdowhattheycanto___22___nervousandcryingchildren.Inthemiddleofthisparticularscene,I___23___smallgirlwhoseankleistwiceitsnormalsize;Ispeakwiththeon-dutynurse,whotellsmethatLara’sparents___24___hertothehospitalaftershefelloffherbicycle.Sincegettinghere,Larahasspenthertimecryinginpain.Althoughit’sthedoctorsandnurseswhowilltreather___25___,it’smyjobtomakeherfeelbetter.Anyway,hospitalsweren’tspecially___26___forchildren.BeingaclowndoctormeansIcanhelppeopleby___27___them.Idomagictricks,singsongs,tellstoriesand,ofcourse,tellsillyjokesto___28___patientsandtheirfamilies.Andmymagicmedicinedoesindeedseemto___29___.WhilethedoctorconcentratesonexaminingLara’sankle.Igetherattentionbydoingamagictrick.Althoughsheisclearlystillinsomepain,herscaredandanxiouslookhasbeen____30____—firstbyasmallsmileandthenbyloudlaughterasI____31____producehersockfromoutofmypocket,Seeingtheirdaughtersomuchhappierhas_____32_____madeLara’sparentsmorerelaxed.Asforme,whenItakeoffmywigandmyrednose,I’mstillwearinga____33____,asIrememberallthefunandlaughteroftheday.WhiletheremightbemorehospitalvisitsaheadforLaraandothers,Ihopethatclowndoctorshelpmakeita____34____placetovisit.Afterall,itreallyistruethat“l(fā)aughteristhebest____35____”.21.A.despair B.coldness C.loneliness D.tension22.A.encourage B.satisfy C.comfort D.reward23.A.rescue B.recognize C.acknowledge D.spot24.A.dragged B.rushed C.pushed D.forced25.A.allergy B.infection C.disease D.injury26.A.designed B.decorated C.funded D.equipped27.A.inspiring B.entertaining C.examining D.instructing28.A.havefunwith B.cheerup C.takecareof D.calmdown29.A.trick B.count C.work D.respond30.A.ignored B.affected C.replaced D.ruined31.A.surprisingly B.accidentally C.awkwardly D.cautiously32.A.atleast B.inparticular C.forinstance D.inturn33.A.smile B.mask C.frown D.coat34.A.moreefficient B.moreprofessional C.friendlier D.safer35A.language B.medicine C.reminder D.choice【答案】21.D22.C23.D24.B25.D26.A27.B28.B29.C30.C31.A32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者是醫(yī)院的一名小丑醫(yī)生，這天作者用魔術(shù)安慰了從自行車上摔倒的勞拉，勞拉的歡樂又緩解了她父母的情緒。作者希望小丑醫(yī)生能讓醫(yī)院成為一個更友好的地方，畢竟，“笑是最好的良藥”?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我穿過大門進入等候區(qū)，那里有一種熟悉的無聊和緊張的氣氛。A.despair絕望；B.coldness寒冷；C.loneliness寂寞；D.tension緊張。根據(jù)后文“Peoplesituncomfortablyonplasticchairs,lookingthrougholdmagazines,allofwhichhavebeenreadhundredsoftimespreviously.(人們不舒服地坐在塑料椅子上，翻看舊雜志，這些雜志以前都被讀過幾百遍了)”以及上文提到是在醫(yī)院里，所以是無聊和緊張的氣氛。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：焦慮的父母盡其所能安慰緊張哭鬧的孩子。A.encourage鼓勵；B.satisfy滿足；C.comfort安慰；D.reward獎勵。根據(jù)上文“Anxiousparentsdowhattheycanto”指父母安慰緊張哭鬧的孩子。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個特別的場景中間，我認出了一個小女孩，她的腳踝比平常大了一倍；我和值班護士交談，她告訴我勞拉從自行車上摔下來后，她的父母趕緊把她送到了醫(yī)院。A.rescue救援；B.recognize識別；C.acknowledge承認；D.spot發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)后文“Ispeakwiththeon-dutynurse,whotellsmethatLara’sparents”可知，作者事先了解過女孩的情況，所以認出了女孩。故選D。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在這個特別的場景中間，我認出了一個小女孩，她的腳踝比平常大了一倍；我和值班護士交談，她告訴我勞拉從自行車上摔下來后，她的父母趕緊把她送到了醫(yī)院。A.dragged拖拉；B.rushed急忙；C.pushed推；D.forced迫使。根據(jù)后文“aftershefelloffherbicycle”可知，從自行車上摔下來被緊急送往了醫(yī)院。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然是醫(yī)生和護士來治療她的傷勢，但我的工作是讓她感覺好一點。A.allergy過敏；B.infection感染；C.disease疾??；D.injury受傷。根據(jù)上文“aftershefelloffherbicycle”可知，勞拉從自行車上摔了下來，受傷了。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：無論如何，醫(yī)院不是專門為兒童設(shè)計的。A.designed設(shè)計；B.decorated裝飾；C.funded資助；D.equipped配備。后文提到作者作為一名小丑醫(yī)生，通過娛樂人們來幫助他們，即醫(yī)院不是專門為兒童設(shè)計，短語bedesignedfor表示“為……而設(shè)計”。故選A。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名小丑醫(yī)生意味著我可以通過娛樂人們來幫助他們。A.inspiring鼓舞；B.entertaining娛樂；C.examining檢查；D.instructing指導。根據(jù)后文“Idomagictricks,singsongs,tellstoriesand,ofcourse,tellsillyjokes”可知，小丑醫(yī)生的職責就是娛樂。故選B。【28題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我變魔術(shù)，唱歌，講故事，當然，講一些愚蠢的笑話來讓病人和他們的家人高興起來。A.havefunwith和……一起玩樂；B.cheerup使高興；C.takecareof照顧；D.calmdown平靜下來。根據(jù)上文“Idomagictricks,singsongs,tellstoriesand,ofcourse,tellsillyjokesto”可知，變魔術(shù)，唱歌，講故事以及講笑話是為了讓病人和家人高興，故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的魔藥似乎確實有效。A.trick欺騙；B.count計算；C.work工作，有效；D.respond回答。根據(jù)后文“firstbyasmallsmileandthenbyloudlaughter”可知，作者逗笑病人的辦法有效。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然她顯然還有些疼痛，但她害怕和焦慮的神情已被我的微笑所取代，我出乎意料地從口袋里拿出她的襪子時，她發(fā)出了爽朗的笑聲。A.ignored忽視；B.affected影響；C.replaced取代；D.ruined毀滅。根據(jù)后文“firstbyasmallsmileandthenbyloudlaughter”指恐懼和焦慮被換了所取代了，故選C。【31題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然她顯然還有些疼痛，但她害怕和焦慮的神情已被我的微笑所取代，我出乎意料地從口袋里拿出她的襪子時，她發(fā)出了爽朗的笑聲。A.surprisingly令人驚奇地，驚人地；B.accidentally意外地；C.awkwardly尷尬地；D.cautiously慎重地。根據(jù)后文“producehersockfromoutofmypocket”可知，作者從口袋里掏出了勞拉的襪子，令人驚奇。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：看到他們的女兒如此快樂反過來又使勞拉的父母更放松了。A.atleast至少；B.inparticular尤其；C.forinstance例如；D.inturn依次，反過來。根據(jù)后文“madeLara’sparentsmorerelaxed”可知，孩子的笑聲反過來讓父母放松。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：至于我，當我摘下假發(fā)和紅鼻子時，我仍然面帶微笑，因為我記得那天所有的歡樂和笑聲。A.smile微笑；B.mask口罩；C.frown皺眉；D.coat外套。根據(jù)后文“asIrememberallthefunandlaughteroftheday.”可知，作者因為帶給他人快樂，摘下假發(fā)和紅鼻子也仍然在微笑。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然勞拉和其他人可能會去更多的醫(yī)院，但我希望小丑醫(yī)生能讓這里成為一個更友好的地方。A.moreefficient更有效率的；B.moreprofessional更專業(yè)的；C.friendlier更友好的；D.safer更安全的。根據(jù)上文可知，作者作為小丑醫(yī)生給孩子們帶去了歡樂，把醫(yī)院變成更友好的地方。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：畢竟，“笑是最好的良藥”是真的。A.language語言；B.medicine藥品；C.reminder提醒物；D.choice選擇。呼應(yīng)上文“mymagicmedicine”此處指“笑是最好的良藥”。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Recently,Chinesesocialmediaplatformshavebeendis