大學(xué)英語國家概況教案(總)

英語國家概況教案2023－2023學(xué)年第2學(xué)期TeachingPlanofTheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish–speakingCountriesClass:080511/12，080531/32/33/34Coursematerial:TheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish–speakingCountriesAnIntroductionTeachingObjectives:TointroducethesocietyandcultureofmajorEnglish–speakingcountries:theUnitedStates,Canada,theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,andNewZealandThemaintaskforthecourse:tohelpstudentstoknowthemajorEnglish–speakingcountries’thegeneralknowledgeaboutthePhysicalgeographyHistoryLanguage,customs,religionandactivitiesandsocialproblemsPoliticalsystemEducationArtsandliteratureEconomyTeachingMethods:generalintroduction/briefaccount(offocalpoints/asurvey)bytheteacher;students’individualwork;pair-work;group-workin4-6students,analysisofdifficultpointsbytheteacher;showmaps;playvideoorfilmconcerningwiththecorrespondingcultureslinkwithwebsitesTimeAllotmentgeneralintroduction/briefaccount(offocalpoints/asurvey)bytheteacherinthefirststep;studentsreadthetextorextramaterialstodiscussthefocalpointsinthesecondstepplayvideoo/filmorlinkwebsitestoexplorethemorecultureinthethirdstepTheUnitedStatesofAmericaUnit4FocalPoints(Note:P=page,L-Par.=lastparagraph,F-Par.=firstparagraph)TheResultsoftheWarofIndependence(p44L-par,p52F-paragraph)TheResultsoftheConstitutionalConventionThebackgroundofthemakingoftheU.S.Constitution(p53Par2,54Par1,2)Par2,s1,2)andthetwofearinwritingtheConstitution((p55par2,3,4)ThethreebranchesofthefederalgovernmentandtheirfunctionThereasonsforchecksandbalanceTheBillofRights(p58L-Par)PoliticalpartiesOverviewoftheUnitedStatesPoliticalSystemTheUSistheoldestcontinuousdemocracyintheworld.Itwasestablishedin1789,althoughnotallfeaturesofthesystemwereasdemocraticastheyarenow.KeyFactsTheUSisaFederalsystem.Thismeansthatpowerisdividedbetweenacentral/nationalgovernmentandtheStates.ThenationalgovernmentisreferredtoastheFederalGovernment.Thereare50States.(Acompletelistishere.Thelistoforiginal13Statesishere.)TheFederalGovernmenthasthreebranches/arms:LegislativeBranchExecutiveBranchJudicialBranchTheLegislativeBranchconsistsof:HouseofRepresentativesSenateTheExecutiveBranchconsistsof:ThePresidentTheCabinetTheFederalDepartmentsandAgenciesTheJudicialBranchconsistsof:TheSupremeCourtOtherFederalCourtsThepartiesI.ThebackgroundofthemakingoftheU.S.ConstitutionandtheConstitutionAfterthewarofIndependencewasover,theTreatyofParisrecognizedtheindependenceoftheU.S.andtheformer13Britishcoloniesbecame13statesofthenewnation.ButtheU.S.wasnottheoneunifiednationasitistoday.AccordingtotheDeclarationofIndependencethe13statesweretheunitedcolonies,otherwisetheywerenotclearabout:thefuturepoliticalsystemoftheU.S.;therelationshipbetweenthestates;thegovernmentofthenewnation.SotheArticleofConfederation(2)wasborn.ThenthenewnationoftheUnitedStateswasorganizedundertheagreementoftheArticlesofConfederationwithaweaknationalgovernmentcalledtheCongress.Eachstatehaditsowngovernment,madeitsownlawsandhandleditsinternalaffairs.ThestatesdidnotcooperatewiththeCongressandwitheachother.TheCongresshadnopowertoforceanystatetocontributemoneytothenationalgovernmentandtheCongresscouldnottaxanycitizeneither.Asaresult,theArticlesofConfederationfailed.ButthecongresshandledtheproblemsandneedsthattheindividualstatecouldnothandlealoneQuestion1WhatproblemswouldtheCongresshandle?(p21,p2)ManyAmericansworriedaboutthefutureofthenewnation.Question2WhatdidManyAmericansworriedabout?(p22,p2)Thusaconstitution(4)wasbadlyneededQuestion3(3)Whatisthefederalsystem?(p22,2-p1)Question4InwritingtheConstitutionthedelegatesshoulddealwithtwomainfearssharedbymostAmericans,whatarethey?(p22-23,Ssingroupof4-6)II.ThethreebranchesofthefederalgovernmentandtheirfunctionInordertoguardagainstthefirstfearofpeoplethedelegatessetupagovernmentconsistingofthreebranches:theexecutive,thelegislativeandthejudicial.(5,6,7)III.ThereasonsforchecksandbalanceChecksandbalance,thissystemworksinmanywaystokeepseriousmistakesfrombeingmadebyonebranchoranother.IV.TheBillofRightsInordertoguaranteethefreedomorthebasicrightsandprivilegesofcitizensandfurtherprotectagainsttyranny,a“BillofRights’’(8)wasaddedtotheConstitutionin1791V.PoliticalpartiesToday,theUnitedStatehastwomajorpoliticalpartied:democraticParty(George

Walker

Bush)andRepublicanPartyC:\DocumentsandSettings\王建平.HUTC-CEECD9BACC\桌面\InternetExplorer.lnkQuestionforthoughHowthethreebranchessupposedtocheckandbalanceeachother?Unit5AmericanEconomyCausesthatbroughtabouttheAmericanindustrydevelopmentsIndustrialrevolutioninAmerica_thedevelopmentofAmericanindustry(givesomeexamples)CorporationandstockshareTherootsofAmerica’saffluenceThesuccessandproblemsofAmericanagricultureI.CausesthatbroughtabouttheAmericanindustrydevelopmentsQuestion1(p33,p1-3)WhatbroughtabouttheAmericanindustrydevelopments?II.OverviewofhowtheAmericaneconomyworksII.IndustrialrevolutioninAmerica_thedevelopmentofAmericanindustry(givesomeexamples)(2,5,6)III.Corporation(7)andstock(9)Ⅳ.TherootsofAmerica’saffluence(10,11)HispanicAmericansThere’rethreelargegroupsofpeople.ThelargestisthewhiteraceandtheyarealmostallfromEurope.ThesecondistheblackraceandtheyarealmostallfromAfrica.ThethirdistheHispanicraceandtheyarealmostallfromMexicoandCentralAmericaⅤ.ThesuccessandproblemsofAmericanagriculture(p40p3;p41,p2p42,p2)Questionforthought:Whydoyouthinktherearestillsomanypeopleinvolvinginbuyingandsellingstockwhichisariskybusiness.〔300-500words〕Unit6ReligionininUnitedStatesDiscussionPoints-：PublicandPrivateBehavior“WASP〞cultureReligiousLibertyProtestantsCatholicsThreeFaithsReligiousDiversityAmericanCharacterofReligionOverviewofAmericanreligionAmericanswithdifferentreligionslivetogetherunderthesamelaw.Americanmain-streamculturewasdevelopedfrom"WASP"cultureandthatpeoplewhosettledinthe13NorthAmericancoloniesthatwouldbecometheUnitedStatesweremostlyProtestantbelievers.I．“WASP〞cultureWASPstandsforWhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestant",isbelievedtobethebasisoftheII．ReligiousLibertyTheU.S.hasalwaysbeenafertilegroundforthegrowthofnewreligiousmovement.FrontierAmericanprovidedplentyofroomtosetupanewreligionBythemiddleofthe18thcentury,manydifferentkindsofProtestantslivedinAmerica.(1)LutheranshadcometoAmericafromGermany.(2)TheDutchReformedChurchflourishedinNewYorkandNewJersey.(3)PresbyterianscamefromScotlandand(4)HuguenotsfromFrance.(5)Congregationalists,asthePuritans,dominatedinMassachusettsandtheneighboringcolonies,knownasNewEngland.(6)Protestantslivedsidebysideinrelativeharmony.TheGreatAwakeningofthe1740s,a"revival"movementwhichsoughttobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligion,cutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroups,ordenominations.**Relationshipbetweenthegovernmentandreligion(p49)TheUnitesStateswouldhavenostate-supportedreligion.TheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesforbadethenewfederalgovernmenttogivespecialfavorstoanyreligionortohinderthefreepractice,orexercise,ofreligion.TheFirstAmendmentinsuredthatAmericangovernmentwouldnotmeddleinreligiousaffairsorrequireanyreligiousbeliefsofitscitizens.Thegovernmentsupportsallreligions.ReligiousgroupsdonotpaytaxesintheUnitedStates.Thearmedforcespaychaplainsofallfaiths.Butgovernmentdoesnotpayministers'salariesorrequireanybeliefnotevenabeliefinGod--asaconditionofholdingpublicoffice.Oathsareadministered,butthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,canmakeasolemnaffirmation,ordeclaration,instead.Thetruthisthatforsomepurposesgovernmentignoresreligionandforotherpurposesittreatsallreligionsalikeatleastasfarasispractical.Whendisputesabouttherelationshipbetweengovernmentandreligionarise,Americancourtsmustsettlethem.II.Protestants〔p6-7〕CatholicsintheU.S.(3,4)(Protestantscovers4largegroups:theBaptist,Methodists,PresbyteriansandEpiscopalian)III.ThreemajorfaithsintheU.S.(5)**Christianity:protestant,CatholicandtheOrthodoxEasternChurchIV.ReligiousdiversityTheU.S.hasalwaysbeenafertilegroundforthegrowthofnewreligiousmovement.FrontierAmericanprovidedplentyofroomtosetupanewchurchorfoundanewcommunityAmish;Utopias;Mormons;evangelicalProtestants;OrthodoxJew;Jewish;theIslamreligion;Buddhism;HinduV.CharacteristicsofAmericanreligiousbeliefs(6)QuestionforthoughtWhataresomeofthefeatureinregionthatareparticularlyAmerican?WhataresomeofthemajordifferencesbetweenAmericanreligionandreligioninEurope?Unit7AmericanLiteratureOverviewofAmericanLiteratureAmericanliteraturehasrecordedthestoryofaquesttakendifferentformsatdifferenttimes1.Earlyfictionmajorswritersandtheirmasterpieces.ofthepost-Revolutionaryperiod:WashingtonIrvingandJamesFennimoreCooper2.Transcendentalists(3)RalphWaldoEmerson,ThecoreideaofTranscendentalist(P102F-par.)HenryDavidThoreauTraditionalAmericanvalues(P102par-3.)3.PowerofImagination(P103par-2)EdgarAllenPoeNathanielHawthorne,HermanMelville4.NewVisionsandAmericaWhatwasAmericanNewvoice?(P103L-par)WaltWhitman5.ReformandliberationHarrietBeecherStoweWhatintensifiedthepoliticaldebateonslavery?6.RegionalismWilliamDeanHowells,SamuelClemensMarkTwainandhiswritingstyle,(P105par-2)EmilyDickinson7.Anewwavethenaturalists(P106par-3)HenryJamesStephenCrane8.theModernistsEzraPoundthe"ModemMovement"inpoetry(P108par-3)T.S.Eliot9.the"LostGeneration"WhatisLostGeneration(P108L-par)F.ScottFitzgerald,ErnestHemmingwayandhiswritingstyle,(P109par-2)WilliamFaulkner10.theHarlemRenaissanceJohnSteinbeck11.DepressionRealismandEscapismMargaret,Mitchell,JosephHeller12.the"BeatGeneration"WhatisBeatGeneration？(P111par-4)OverviewoftheMississippRiverI.writersandtheirmasterworksofthepost-Revolutionaryperiod.WashingtonIrvingandJamesFennimoreCooper〔2，3〕II.Transcendentalists(3)RalphWaldoEmerson,(TheAmericanideaofsuccess)RalphWaldoEmerson(1803-1882)RalphWaldoEmersonRalphWaldoEmerson,whoseoriginalprofessionandcallingwasasaUnitarian(oftheChristianreligioussectwhichrejectsthedoctrineoftheTrinityandbelievethatGodisoneperson一位論派)minister,lefttheministrytopursueacareerinwritingandpublicspeaking.EmersonbecameoneofAmerica'sbestknownandbestloved19thcenturyfiguresHenryDavidThoreau(3)III.PowerofImaginationEdgarAllenPoe,EDGAR

ALLAN

POE1809-1849‘QuoththeRaven,“Nevermore〞’*ThissiteisdedicatedtotheworkofEdgarAllanPoe,whoisconsideredoneofthemostgiftedwritersofAmericanliterature.Over120ofhisshort-storiesandpoemsaswellascollectionsofhisarticlesandcriticismisavailablehereandcanbereadonlineandsearched.NathanielHawthorneNathanielHawthornewasbornonJuly4,1804inSalem,Massachusetts,toafamilythathadbeenprominentintheareasincecolonialtimes.ArichloreoffamilyandlocalhistoryprovidedmuchofthematerialforHawthorne'sworks.WhenNathanielwasfour,hisfatherdiedonavoyageinSurinam,DutchGuinea,butmaternalrelativesrecognizedhisliterarytalentandfinancedhiseducationatBowdoinCollege.Amonghisclassmatesweremanyoftheimportantliteraryandpoliticalfiguresoftheday:writerHoratioBridge,futureSenatorJonathanCiley,HenryWadsworthLongfellow,andfuturePresidentFranklinPierce.TheseprominentfriendssuppliedHawthornewithgovernmentemploymentintheleantimes,allowinghimtimetobloomasanauthor.LikeJamesFenimoreCooper,Hawthornewasextremelyconcernedwithconventionality;hisfirstpseudonymouslypublishedshortstoriesimitatedSirWalterScott,asdidhis1828self-publishedFanshawe.Hawthornelaterformallywithdrewmostofthisearlywork,discountingitastheworkofinexperiencedyouth.From1836to1844theBoston-centeredTranscendentalistmovement,ledbyRalphWaldoEmerson,wasanimportantforceinNewEnglandintellectualcircles.TheTranscendentalistsbelievedthathumanexistencetranscendedthesensoryrealm,andrejectedformalisminfavorofindividualresponsibility.Hawthorne'sfiancéSophiaPeabodydrewhiminto"thenewness,"andin1841Hawthorneinvested$1500intheBrookFarmUtopianCommunity,leavingdisillusionedwithinayear.Hawthorne'slaterworksshowsomeTranscendentalistinfluence,includingabeliefinindividualchoiceandconsequence,andanemphasisonsymbolism.AsAmerica'sfirsttruepsychologicalnovel,TheScarletLetterwouldconveytheseideals;contrastingpuritanmoralitywithpassionandindividualism.HermanMelvilleAmericanauthor,best-knownforhisnovelsoftheseaandhismasterpieceMOBY-DICK(1851),awhalingadventurededicatedtoNathanielHawthorne."Ihavewrittenawickedbookandfeelasspotlessasthelamb,"MelvillewrotetoHawthorne.Theworkwasonlyrecognizedasamasterpiece30yearsafterMelville'sdeath.TYPEE(1846),afictionalizedtravelnarrative,wastheauthor'smostpopularbookduringhislifetime."Allthatmostmaddensandtorments;allthatstirsupthelessofthings;alltruthwithmaliceinit;allthatcracksthesinewsandcakesthebrain;allthesubtledemonismsoflifeandthought;allevil,tocrazyAhab,werevisiblypersonified,andmadepracticallyassailableinMobyDick.Hepileduponthewhale'swhitehumpthesumofallthegeneralrageandhatefeltbyhiswholeracefromAdamdown;andthen,asifchesthadbeenamortar,hebursthishotheart'sshelluponit."(fromMoby-Dick)4.NewVisionsandAmericaWaltWhitman5.Reformandliberation(5)whereshow(Mississippi:Landscape)(baidu)HarrietBeecherStowe6.RiginalismWilliamDeanHowells,SamuelClemensMarkTwainandhiswritingstyle,EmilyDickinson7.AnewwaveThebackgroundthatarosetheNewWaveHenryJamesthenaturalistsStephenCrane8.RebelliousSpiritsSherwoodAnderson(characteristic)9.theModernistsEzraPoundthe"ModemMovement"inpoetryT.S.Eliot10.the"LostGeneration"F.ScottFitzgerald,ErnestHemmingwayandhiswritingstyle,WilliamFaulkner11.theHarlemRenaissanceJohnSteinbeck12.NewDramaEugeneO'Neill13.DepressionRealismandEscapismMargaret,Mitchell,JosephHeller14.the"BeatGeneration"15.blackwriters,andwomenwriters8EducationinUnitedStatesFocalPointsAmericaneducationsystem:severallevelofschoolingElementaryschoolSecondaryschoolHighereducation(p127-130)ThegoalforAffirmativeActionPrograms(132)I.Americaneducationsystem:severallevelofschooling(2)ElementaryschoolSecondaryschoolHighereducation(p127-130)II.Expenditureofeducation(p130,paragraph3-4)About85%ofAmericanstudentsattendpublicschool(schoolssupportedbyAmericantaxpayers);theother15%attendprivateschoolforwhichtheirfamilieschoosetopayspecialattendancefees,4outoffiveprivateschoolsarerunbychurches,synagogues(猶太人宗教活動(dòng)時(shí)的會(huì)堂教堂)orotherreligiousgroups。About25percentofallschoolsofhighereducationintheUnitedStatesareprivatelyoperatedbyreligiousorganizations.Mostareopentostudentsofdifferentfaiths,butinsomereligiousschoolsallstudentsarerequiredtoattendreligiousservices.Therearealsoprivatelyownedschoolswithnoreligiousconnection.Bothpublicandprivatecollegesdependonthreesourcesofincome:studenttuition,endowments(捐款)(giftsmadebywealthybenefactors)andgovernmentfunding.Someendowmentsareverylarge:Harvard〔inMassachusetts〕,Princeton〔inNewjersey〕andYale〔inConnecticut〕Universitieshavemorethanathousandmilliondollarseach.Publicinstitutionsreceivealargeportionofpublictaxmoneythanprivateschoolsdo.TrendindegreeprogramsSATS:ScholasticAptitudeTestsGRE:GraduateRecordExaminationMBA：MasterofBusinessAdministrationIV.ThegoalforAffirmativeActionPrograms(91)QuestionforthoughtWhatdoyouthinksomeofthecharacteristicsineducationthatareparticularlyAmerican?*9SocialMovementsofthe1960sFocalPointsTheyouthmovement/anti-warmovement(p138-140)(Theattitudeandbeliefsoftheyouthtothesociety)Thecounterculture(p146–L--147)I.CounterCulture:InthewakeoftheFreeSpeechMovementandtheNewLeftappearedaphenomenonthathistorianscalledthe"counterculture〞TheCounterCulturerejectedcapitalismandotherAmericanprinciples.Theyhadmoralsdifferentfromthosetaughtbytheirparents.Somegroupsofyouthtriedtoconstructdifferentwaysoflife.Amongthemostfamouswerethehippies.Theysoughtnewexperiencethroughdroppingout,drugs.Butitwasmusic,rockmusicinparticular,thatbecamethechiefvehicleforthecounterculturalassaultontraditionalAmericansociety.Thecountercultureexertedagreatinfluenceuponpeople'sattitudestowardsocialmores,marriage,career,andsuccess.II.HippieandYuppie(6-11)*Unit10SocialProblemsintheUnitedStatesFocalPointsThepresentsocialproblemsintheUnitedStates(Trytogetinformationfromwebsites)Homework：WhatdoesthepovertymeanintheU.S.?(P1602,3)〔Pleasewritetheansweronyourexercisebook〕.FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia?

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?PovertyPovertyintheUnitedStatesreferstopeoplelivinginpovertyintheU.S.over24millionpeople,morethan1Americanin10,arelivingatorbelowtheofficialpovertyline,onincomesthatthefederalgovernmentconsidersinsufficienttomeetbasicrequirementoffood,clothing,andshelter.ThesepeoplearenottheonlypoorintheUnitedStates;therearemillionsmore,livingslightlyabovethepovertyline,whoseplight(貧困境況)isnotmuchbetter.Despitecelebratedaffluence,socialservicesintheUnitedStatescompareunfavorably(補(bǔ)贊許)withthoseinmostindustrializedsocieties.Furthermore,theaffluentmajoritysometimesseemsindifferenttotheproblemsofthepoorestsectionofthepopulation.PovertyintheU.S.doesnotsupplelymeanthatthepoordonotlivequiteaswellasothercitizens.Itmeansmanyoldpeopleeatingdogandcatfoodtosupplementtheirdiets.Itmeansmalnutritionanddeprivationforhundredsofthousandsofchildren.Itmeansgreatersusceptibility(易感性)todisease,toalcoholism,tovictimizationbycriminals,andtomentaldisorders.Itoftenmeansunstablemarriages,slumhousing,illiteracy,ignorance(無知),inadequatemedicalfacilities(不夠充分的醫(yī)療條件),andshortenedlifeexpectancy(壽命).Povertycanmeanlowself-esteem(缺乏自尊),despair,andstuntingofhumanpotential(人格發(fā)育不全).PovertyintheUnitedStatesreferstopeoplelivinginpovertyintheU.S.WithintheU.S.themostcommonmeasureofpovertyisthe"povertyline"setbytheU.S.government.Theofficialpovertythreshold〔起點(diǎn)〕isadjustedforinflationusingtheconsumerpriceindex.PovertyintheUnitedStatesiscyclical〔循環(huán)的〕innaturewithroughly12%to15%livingbelowthefederalpovertylineatanygivenpointintime,androughly40%fallingbelowthepovertylineatsometimewithina10yeartimespan〔跨度〕Whilethereremainssomecontroversyofwhetherornottheofficialpovertythresholdoverorunderstatespoverty,theUnitedStateshassomeofthehighestabsoluteandrelativepre-transfer,andthehighestpost-transfer,povertyratesinthedevelopedworld.Overall,theU.S.ranks16ontheHumanPovertyIndex.\o""Thoseundertheageof18werethemostlikelytobeimpoverished.In2001thepovertyrateforminors(未成年人)intheUnitedStateswasthehighestintheindustrializedworld,with14.8%ofallminorsand30%ofAfricanAmericanminorslivingbelowthepovertythreshold.Moreover,thestandardoflivingforthoseinthebottom10%waslowerintheU.S.thaninanyotherdevelopednationexcepttheUnitedKingdom,whichhadtheloweststandardoflivingforimpoverishedchildren.\o""In2006,povertyrateforminorsintheUnitedStateswas21.9%-highestchildpovertyrateinthedevelopedworld.\o""RecentpovertyrateandguidelinesTheofficialpovertyrateintheU.S.increasedforfourconsecutive〔連續(xù)不斷〕years,froma26-yearlowof11.3%in2000to12.7%in2004,thendeclinedsomewhatto12.3%in2006.Thismeansthat36.5millionpeoplewerebelowtheofficialpovertythresholdsin2006,comparedto31.1millionin2000,andthattherewasanincreaseof5.4millionpoorfrom2000to2006whilethetotalpopulationgrewby17.5[million.Thepovertyrateforchildrenunder18yearsoldincreasedfrom16.2%to17.8%from2000to2004andhaddroppedto17.4%in2005and2006.The2006povertythresholdwasmeasuredaccordingtotheHHSisanacronymwhichcanrepresentmanythings:PovertyGuidelineswhichareillustratedinthetablebelow.PersonsinFamilyUnit48ContiguousStatesandD.C.AlaskaHawaii1$10,400$13,000$11,9602$14,000$17,500$16,1003$17,600$22,000$20,2404$21,200$26,500$24,3805$24,800$31,000$28,5206$28,400$35,500$32,6607$32,000$40,000$36,8008$35,600$44,500$40,940Foreachadditionalperson,add$3,600$4,500$4,140HHS：Ingovernment:UnitedStatesDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesIneducation:Stockholm〔斯德哥兒摩〕SchoolofEconomics(Handelshogskolan)Inhealthsciences:HyperglycemicHyperosmloarState(SeeDiabetesMellitus)HHS(highschools)PeoplewhoexperiencehomelessnessmakepovertymorevisibleintheUnitedStates.1Measuresofpoverty1.1Theofficialmeasureofpoverty1.2Recentpovertyrateandguidelines1.3Relativemeasuresofpoverty1.4Theincomedistributionandrelativepoverty2HumanPovertyIndex2.1Otherinternationalcomparisons3Foodsecurity4Whathappenstochildrengrowinguppoor?5Causesofpoverty6Sociologicalexplanationsofpoverty6.1IndividualisticexplanationsofpovertyBiologicalexplanationsThe"cultureofpoverty"6.2StructuralexplanationsofpovertyCycleofpovertyTheChangingstructureoftheAmericaneconomyPovertyservesafunctionforsociety7Controversy7.1Concernsregardingaccuracy7.2Understatingpoverty7.3Overstatingpoverty8Fightingpoverty9Seealso10References11Furtherreading12ExternallinksImpoverished〔貧困的〕areanear125thstreetinHarlem,NewYork*Drugabuse*Violentcrime*Theabuseofpower*Homosexual〔gay〕Unit14AmericanJazzCoursematerial:TheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish–speakingCountriesAnIntroductionContent:Chapter12EarlyAmericanJazzTeachingObjectives:TointroduceAmericanJazzmusic.Themaintaskforthischapter:TohelpstudentstoknowthegeneralknowledgeabouttheoriginofAmericanjazzmusictheformsofAmericanjazzmusicandtheircharactersearlyjazzmusiciansandtheircontributionsjazzmusicinstrumentstwodefiningjazzstylesTohelpstudentstounderstandthecontributionsofjazzmusictotheAmericanartsandthewaythatjazzmusicreflectAmericanculture.FocalPointsjazzmusicBlues(musicians,character)Ragtimemusic(musicians,character)BoogieWoogie(musicians,character)5.LouisArmstrong(hiscontributionscharacterofhisworks)6.EarlHinesQuestionsforthought1.Whydoesjazzmusicbecomeacceptedbypeoplefromallwalksoflife?2.WhatistheuniqueAmericancontributiontothearts?3.Whatisthedistinctivecharacterofjazzmusic?4.wheredidtheearlyjazzmusicfirstappear?5.Injazzmusic,whatmajormusicalinstrumentinclude?6.Generally,anensembleofjazzmusiciancoverstwosections,whatarethey?7.Whatpercussioninstrumentsinjazzmusicinclude?8.Whatisthefunctionofbanjoinplayingjazzmusic?9.whatdoesEuropeanclassicmusicreferto?10.Wheredidjazzmusicflourishmostlyintheearly1920s?11.Whataretwomajorstyleofjazzmusic?*12.WhatarethemajordifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweentheNewOrleansstylejazzandthatofChicagostyle*13.InwhatdoesJazzmusicreflectAmericanculture?TeachingMethods:generalintroduction/briefaccount(offocalpoints/asurvey)bytheteacher;students’individualwork;pair-work;group-workin3-6students,analysisofdifficultpointsbytheteacher;showsomepictures;playvideoorfilmconcerningwiththecorrespondingcultureslinkwithwebsitesTimeAllotmentLeading-in:Afteraskingseveralquestions,generalintroduction/briefaccount(offocalpoints/asurvey)bytheteacherinthefirststep;studentsreadthetextorextramaterialstodiscussthefocalpointsinthesecondstepcombiningwithsecondstage,playvideoorlinkwebsitestoexplorethemorecultureinthethirdstepI.Leading-in(Withjazzmusic:RhapsodyinBlues):somequestionsaboutgeneralknowledgeofjazzmusic:1.WhatistheuniqueAmericancontributiontothearts?2.whereandwhenwastheearlyjazzmusicfirstbornintheUnitedStates?3.Doyouknow,whatmajormusicalinstrumentsincludeinjazzmusic?(presentpicturesofjazzmusicalinstruments)jazzmusicEarlyjazzmusicfirstappearedintheSoutherncityofNewOrleansattheendofthe19thcentury.(1)Itwasablendoffolkmusic,Workchants,spirituals,marches,andevenEuropeanclassicalmusic.(1)AdefiningmarkofthisearlyNewOrleansjazzwasthatagroupofmusiciansimprovisingtheirnotesinchangingchordsaroundaspecificmelodicline.(1)Alljazzbandsusesuchinstrumentsasatrumpet,aclarinet,atrombone,andpercussioninstrumentslikethedrum,banjo,andguitars.(1)Jazzdevelopedintothe1920'swithtwodifferentstyles,namely,theChicagostylejazzandtheNewYorkstyle(1)II.BriefintroductionofthebackgroundofAmericanjazz1.TheBlackBringtheFirstClimaxtoAmericanMusicTheblackbroughtanewelementintotheAmericanmusicthatbegantoappearamultipletendency.Attheendofthenineteen