英語(yǔ)句子成分課件

句子成分定義構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)的基本成分有八種：

主語(yǔ)（subject）

謂語(yǔ)（predicate）

賓語(yǔ)（object）

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(objectcomplement

表語(yǔ)（predicative）

定語(yǔ)（attribute）

狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)

同位語(yǔ)（appositive）1.主語(yǔ)：是句子要說(shuō)明的人或物，說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的執(zhí)行者。是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。名詞（短語(yǔ)）、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式（短語(yǔ)）、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）、從句皆可做主語(yǔ)。1)Mr.Leeisawell-knownscientist.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandtenistwelve.4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.5)Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.名詞代詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)名詞不定式短語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)從句1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）表示一類人7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.9.Itisobviousthatmoneydoesn’tgrowontrees.（主語(yǔ)從句）（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為that從句2.謂語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)(Verb)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形或者連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.注意：謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。(所有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成都叫謂語(yǔ)

3.表語(yǔ)：是謂語(yǔ)的一部分，它位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become)之后，與系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)等。單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句均可充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。1)WangPing’sfatherisadoctor.2)Heisalwayscareless.3)Thebasketballmatchison.4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.5)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.6)HisworkisteachingFrench.7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.

名詞形容詞副詞介詞短語(yǔ)不定式動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句高考必須掌握的連系動(dòng)詞：(1)變化系(8個(gè))------變得...becomeadoctor/turngreen(red,pale)/getlong(short)/growold/fallill/cometrue/gomad(wrong)/runloose(dry)become,turn,get,grow,fall,come,go,run(2)感官系（4個(gè)）feel,smell,sound,tastefeelhappy,smelldelicious,soundbeautiful,tastegood(3)持續(xù)系(5個(gè))—保持,仍然,使處于某種狀態(tài)…keep,remain,stay,stand,liekeepquiet,remainseated,lieawake,staysingle,standstill(不要?jiǎng)?(stilladj靜止的,不動(dòng)的)(4)表象系（3個(gè)）---看起來(lái),好像look,seem,appear(5)終止系(2個(gè))----prove,turnout

證明是…/結(jié)果是…Theplanprovedtobeuseful證明是有有用的Theweatherturnedouttobefine.

天氣結(jié)果很好。(6)狀態(tài)系(1個(gè))be(am,is,are,was,were）作表語(yǔ)的詞可以是：形容詞，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，doing,done,todo,tobedone,tobedoingtobe+形容詞

-----作表語(yǔ)的是句子就稱作表語(yǔ)從句4.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：1.Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名詞）（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短）（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)從句）賓語(yǔ)種類：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：跟to:write,pass,give,send,promise,lend,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.跟for:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：

Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.Lendmeyourdictionary,pleaseLendyourdictionarytome,pleaseSheboughthermotheragiftSheboughtagiftforhermother(3)形式賓語(yǔ)：若賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞或從句，可用it作形式賓語(yǔ)代替其位置，而將其到賓補(bǔ)之后。Ifounditdifficulttofinishthetaskintime.Doyouconsideritanygoodsendingmorepeoplethere?Wehavemadeitclearthatwedisagreed.

WangLinglentme

anoveltoreadinthebus.

（雙賓語(yǔ)）

me間接賓語(yǔ)

表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的。

anovel

直接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的直接承受者或結(jié)果。

有6個(gè)詞常常這樣用：consider,think,find,feel,make,believe5.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):在賓語(yǔ)后面補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作,狀態(tài),特征.Weelectedhimmonitor.

（名詞作賓補(bǔ)）Wewillmakethem

happy.

（形容詞作賓補(bǔ)）Wefoundnobody

in.(副詞作賓補(bǔ))Pleasemakeyourselfathome.

（介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)）Don’tlethimdothat.

（省to不定式作賓補(bǔ)）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.

（帶to不定式作賓補(bǔ)）Don’tkeepthefireburning.

（現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)）I’llhavemybike

repaired.

（過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)）雙賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別Hegavemeabook.(他給我一本書）在這個(gè)句子中，me作間接賓語(yǔ)，abook作直接賓語(yǔ)。如果一個(gè)句子中的某一個(gè)動(dòng)詞接了兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，那么，指“人”的是間接賓語(yǔ)，指“物”的為直接賓語(yǔ)。而且，這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)不能形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，如，你不能說(shuō)Iamabook.如果一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后所接的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)能夠形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則是賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)的關(guān)系。例：Weelectedhimmonitor.在這個(gè)句子中，we作主語(yǔ)，elected作謂語(yǔ)，him為賓格，作賓語(yǔ)，monitor作賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，而且，此句的賓語(yǔ)him可以和后面的monitor構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即：heisamonitor.六.定語(yǔ)

修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)(Attribute)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（形容詞）（分詞）（名詞）（代詞,形容詞）⑥Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.

⑦TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.⑧Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.⑨Ihaveanideatodoitwell.⑩YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ))（現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)）（過去分詞作定語(yǔ)）（不定式作定語(yǔ)）（定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)）七.狀語(yǔ)

修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)（Adverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（不定式短語(yǔ)）4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分詞短語(yǔ)）（名詞）（狀語(yǔ)從句）10種狀語(yǔ)種類：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）（原因狀語(yǔ)）（條件狀語(yǔ)）（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）（方式狀語(yǔ)）6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）（目的狀語(yǔ)）（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）（讓步狀語(yǔ)）（比較狀語(yǔ)）八.同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后,對(duì)其作進(jìn)一步解釋或說(shuō)明，在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、和從句等均可作同位語(yǔ)。如：Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位語(yǔ)，都是指同一批‘學(xué)生’）Weareall

students.(all是we的同位語(yǔ)，都指同樣的‘我們’）Thenewsthatwe’rehavingaholidaytomorrowistrue.

（從句作同位語(yǔ)）

9.插入語(yǔ)（Parenthesis）對(duì)一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有tobehonest,Ithink/suppose/believe等，如：Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend.

我相信,這個(gè)故事還遠(yuǎn)沒結(jié)束.練習(xí)說(shuō)出下列劃線部分單詞或詞組在句子中各充當(dāng)什么成分Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.Hebrokeapieceofglass.

Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.

主謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)主主主定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)（一）.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分1.Thestudents

goton

theschoolbus.2.He

handed

me

thenewspaper.3.I

shallansweryourquestion

afterclass.4.They

wenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.5.Hisjob

is

totrainswimmers.6.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.7.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.8.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.9.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.10.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.11.Hefound

it

important

tomasterEnglish12.Icouldn’tunderstand

whyhehad

decidedtoretireat50.13.Iamterriblyconfusedbyallthisinformation.14.We

hadalreadyreached

9000feet

bythen.15.She

reminded

me

toswitchoffallthelights.16.I’llbeabletopass

mydrivingtest

afterIhavehadafewlessons.17.Swimming

keeps

me

fit.18.Itisobvious

thatmoneydoesn’tgrowontrees.練習(xí)（一）.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)間/直賓謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.Hefoundit

importanttomasterEnglish.主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)表語(yǔ)14.Icouldn’tunderstandwhyhehaddecidedtoretireat50.15.Iamterriblyconfusedbyallthisinformation.16.Wehadalreadyreached9000feetbythen.17.Sheremindedmetoswitchoffallthelights.18.I’llbeabletopassmydrivingtestafterIhavehadafewlessons.19.Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.20.Itisobviousthatmoneydoesn’tgrowontrees.狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)句子成分練習(xí)題(二)指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：1.Whetherwe’llgodependontheweather.2.People’sstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.3.Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.4.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.5.I’llreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.6.Wearesurethatweshallsucceed.7.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisother.8.TherearemanyfilmthatI’dliketosee.9.Haveyoumetthepersonaboutwhomhewasspeaking?10.Ihavealotofworktodo.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)句子成份練習(xí)1、Youshouldstudyhard.2、Theteachergotveryangry.