LED發(fā)展及應(yīng)用中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

中英文對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)譯文:LED發(fā)展及應(yīng)用我們相信我國(guó)LED產(chǎn)業(yè)具有良好的發(fā)展前景，基于以下幾點(diǎn)：第一，在技術(shù)方面LED技術(shù)處于高速增長(zhǎng)的瓶頸，國(guó)內(nèi)長(zhǎng)期積累在半導(dǎo)體領(lǐng)域研究資源為進(jìn)一步研究打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。雖然集成電路制造的基礎(chǔ)差，技術(shù)水平相對(duì)較低，但是隨著一些國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)海外技術(shù)人員加入，技術(shù)不斷的突破，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)的良好技術(shù)水平、企業(yè)與臺(tái)灣的技術(shù)水平與國(guó)際公司作為一個(gè)整體，已經(jīng)縮小了差距。第二，投資相對(duì)較小的初始投資1億，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)進(jìn)入的門(mén)檻低，容易導(dǎo)致滾動(dòng)發(fā)展。制造集成電路和液晶面板制造商數(shù)百億數(shù)十億元的投資都是“微不足道”的，更容易使國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)形成產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。當(dāng)然，還可能導(dǎo)致惡性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和發(fā)展階段的市場(chǎng)整合。第三，國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)大，LED市場(chǎng)主要是普通照明市場(chǎng)，消費(fèi)者市場(chǎng)分散，難以形成壟斷一個(gè)巨大的國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)的生存空間。第四，一些企業(yè)的核心知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，如晶體硅光伏襯底項(xiàng)目，美國(guó)的面積和芯片的核心技術(shù)，具有全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的企業(yè)技術(shù)發(fā)展的示范效應(yīng)容易形成和促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)商業(yè)市場(chǎng)的健康發(fā)展。第五，成熟的技術(shù)導(dǎo)致下游的勞動(dòng)密集型生產(chǎn),包裝和設(shè)備的發(fā)展與大陸勞動(dòng)力具有成本優(yōu)勢(shì)。LED行業(yè)的開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中，全球的LED銷(xiāo)售根據(jù)市場(chǎng)目前最大的手機(jī)背光市場(chǎng)，與手機(jī)銷(xiāo)售增長(zhǎng)放緩提高了LED屏幕手機(jī)液晶屏幕滲透的全球LED的增長(zhǎng)率。技術(shù)進(jìn)步降低了成本，在當(dāng)前（甚至2010年以前）允許完全訪問(wèn)一般使用LED照明市場(chǎng)在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)下將成為下一個(gè)液晶筆記本和汽車(chē)室內(nèi)燈背光市場(chǎng)。作為世界五大液晶面板(LG飛利浦、三星、友達(dá)、CMO和夏普)LED的一個(gè)高水平的技術(shù)，大量生產(chǎn)能力在日本、臺(tái)灣、韓國(guó)。國(guó)內(nèi)只有央行、波蘭電力和五個(gè)龍光伏電池板三行，4.5代上海天馬生產(chǎn)線需求后能使用LED背光，但整體需求不占主導(dǎo)地位，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)進(jìn)入液晶屏背光使供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)找娌粦?yīng)太大面板背光手機(jī)市場(chǎng)非常相似。中國(guó)市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用LED在這個(gè)階段主要是在建筑照明、室內(nèi)外顯示屏?；谏鲜鲈颍乱徊ǖ闹饕α靠赡艹霈F(xiàn)在這些市場(chǎng)，手機(jī)、小尺寸液晶背光、汽車(chē)普及率將會(huì)增加。一些特殊照明等分散市場(chǎng)將開(kāi)放更多的成本(特殊照明一般照明的要求不是那么苛刻)。替換后的幾年前，LED交通信號(hào)燈是非常受歡迎的，LED的會(huì)持續(xù)更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，短期內(nèi)很難大規(guī)模的取代，這使得LED交通信號(hào)燈處于低需求期，國(guó)內(nèi)大型轎車(chē)市場(chǎng)只要有優(yōu)秀的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，國(guó)內(nèi)汽車(chē)燈LED背光和一個(gè)非常大的市場(chǎng)需求和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)的需求是相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的。LED顯示由于容易組裝、低能耗、高亮度的原因被廣泛應(yīng)用于銀行、證券、廣場(chǎng)、車(chē)站、體育場(chǎng)館，這個(gè)市場(chǎng)的未來(lái)仍有很大的發(fā)展?jié)摿ΑＴ趭W運(yùn)會(huì)、世博會(huì)的城市晚上項(xiàng)目的示范效應(yīng)。以及很多有利的因素，建筑照明市場(chǎng)仍然是一個(gè)前景廣闊。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，許多大型國(guó)際公司專(zhuān)注于高端以及一般照明的巨大的潛在市場(chǎng)。一些產(chǎn)品技術(shù)要求相對(duì)較低，未來(lái)市場(chǎng)疲軟具有分散性容易失控。因?yàn)樗罅康膶?zhuān)利，并不擔(dān)心未來(lái)的市場(chǎng)。在這個(gè)階段不是追求產(chǎn)能，而是專(zhuān)注于技術(shù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)潮流，當(dāng)技術(shù)足夠成熟市場(chǎng)的規(guī)模一般照明，據(jù)估計(jì)，其生產(chǎn)能力將迅速減少。這種“中心-外圍”的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)預(yù)計(jì)將維持很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。目前，主要制造商集中在大陸市場(chǎng)。芯片出口將面臨兩個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。首先，國(guó)際大型企業(yè)在申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)利訴訟(主要是藍(lán)色和白色)，事實(shí)上只要具有一定規(guī)模，無(wú)論出口專(zhuān)利是否會(huì)遇到挑戰(zhàn)，專(zhuān)利訴訟的出口的希望更大。第二，其他外部供應(yīng)商的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，尤其是臺(tái)灣的制造商，臺(tái)灣的傳統(tǒng)制造商跟隨他們的策略和技術(shù)跟蹤國(guó)際公司，同時(shí)大力提高生產(chǎn)率，降低成本，生產(chǎn)能力世界上第一，有許多其他行業(yè)巨頭進(jìn)入這一領(lǐng)域時(shí)，會(huì)影響未來(lái)的臺(tái)灣LED芯片的全球市場(chǎng)的價(jià)格波動(dòng)?？紤]到國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的巨大需求，國(guó)內(nèi)芯片工廠，即使它可以適當(dāng)依靠國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)發(fā)展。如果海外光伏公司無(wú)限的進(jìn)入國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)將面臨持續(xù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力，在長(zhǎng)期的國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)是一個(gè)非常消極的現(xiàn)象。LED行業(yè)的發(fā)展在這個(gè)階段將導(dǎo)致國(guó)內(nèi)制造商、外國(guó)投資者在大陸享受稅收優(yōu)惠政策，國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)進(jìn)入國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)在一個(gè)不平等的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地位。應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)外國(guó)投資者在中國(guó)設(shè)立工廠，芯片核心技術(shù)參與外展，例如這些企業(yè)可以促進(jìn)人才培養(yǎng)，提高整體技術(shù)水平。應(yīng)限制那些芯片核心技術(shù)的一部分占領(lǐng)外國(guó)市場(chǎng)的企業(yè)，一旦這樣的名片在所有核心地區(qū)和當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)不享受技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來(lái)的好處，發(fā)展和空間將會(huì)有限,他們會(huì)爭(zhēng)相依靠?jī)r(jià)格戰(zhàn)，不是那么難討好自己的東西，所以只處理當(dāng)前包的一部分在中國(guó)限制外國(guó)投資，如進(jìn)口關(guān)稅征收芯片。從專(zhuān)利訴訟而言，它并不可怕，只要我們的主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手必須支付，我們?nèi)匀辉谕黄鹋芫€上競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。臺(tái)灣主要涉及LED藍(lán)白相間的芯片LED工廠在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中經(jīng)歷了訴訟，訴訟達(dá)成和解獲得專(zhuān)利，繼續(xù)發(fā)展。現(xiàn)階段最好的反應(yīng)是大規(guī)模獲得專(zhuān)利，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)自己的R&D改善交叉許可的專(zhuān)利訴訟的討價(jià)還價(jià)的能力。國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)的規(guī)模、廈門(mén)圣國(guó)安可能迎來(lái)增長(zhǎng)的第一個(gè)“洗禮”。未來(lái)工業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力將取決于兩個(gè)方面，首先是技術(shù)，包括提高發(fā)光效率和低成本的技術(shù)來(lái)提高功率器件技術(shù)，道路的方向在于擴(kuò)展現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)。但也有路線的新技術(shù)，包括獲得高質(zhì)量科技產(chǎn)品以及外部系統(tǒng)，如照明設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片設(shè)計(jì)。第二是規(guī)模，一方面由于規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)成本的降低，市場(chǎng)強(qiáng)大的討價(jià)還價(jià)的能力。另一方面，使用的硅化合物與IC晶片制造是非常不同的，即使一個(gè)擴(kuò)展在同一生產(chǎn)芯片的性能可能完全不同，這需要相對(duì)較高的一致性的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域(如一個(gè)典型的LCD背光)。只有不斷的擴(kuò)展，以滿足需求，但大型企業(yè)的數(shù)量水平的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)可以用一個(gè)特定市場(chǎng)的需求，不一致的芯片產(chǎn)品部署到另一個(gè)市場(chǎng)，公司的總產(chǎn)量增加的效率。LED行業(yè)有一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)，但只有在上述兩個(gè)方面行業(yè)領(lǐng)先的企業(yè)才是未來(lái)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。結(jié)論：國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)應(yīng)該關(guān)注什么？在整個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中，哪五種企業(yè)具有投資價(jià)值。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)是一個(gè)核心業(yè)務(wù)。房產(chǎn)企業(yè)的發(fā)展在國(guó)內(nèi)最廣泛，南昌大學(xué)建立了聯(lián)合私人股本基金光電晶體可以是一個(gè)典型代表，可以由硅基光電晶體氮化鎵外延藍(lán)光技術(shù)，世界上最大的三個(gè)藍(lán)燈一個(gè)過(guò)程技術(shù)，突破國(guó)外專(zhuān)利日亞化學(xué)和克里族封鎖,附近的公司設(shè)立行業(yè)需要檢查的當(dāng)前水平。另一個(gè)魯明大連公司通過(guò)收購(gòu)美國(guó)LED芯片制造商使芯片AXT技術(shù)增加，獲得40多個(gè)專(zhuān)利核心技術(shù)。此外，大連魯明原始以來(lái)從事稀土發(fā)光材料，白色熒光粉合成的用于生產(chǎn)是世界上生產(chǎn)的只有少數(shù)能生產(chǎn)發(fā)光發(fā)光材料可以芯片業(yè)務(wù)。此外，R&D的可能性魯明新的稀土熒光粉，突破日亞化學(xué),歐司朗白光技術(shù)。國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)入一般LED照明突破過(guò)去的障礙。白光LED照明只要兩大“絆腳石”——藍(lán)光專(zhuān)利和白色的專(zhuān)利做出突破，國(guó)內(nèi)LED行業(yè)的前途是光明的國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)是測(cè)試行業(yè)的能力。LED光源除了無(wú)汞、節(jié)能、節(jié)材、對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)電磁干擾、無(wú)有害射線五項(xiàng)優(yōu)點(diǎn)之外，在照明領(lǐng)域中，特別是在景觀照明中，還有很多優(yōu)勢(shì)。如：低壓供電——無(wú)高壓環(huán)節(jié)，為了絕緣的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)要小得多，可靠性高；附件簡(jiǎn)單——無(wú)啟動(dòng)器、鎮(zhèn)流器或超高壓變壓器；結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單——具有固體光源的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)，不充氣，無(wú)玻璃外殼，無(wú)氣體密封問(wèn)題，耐沖擊；可控性好——響應(yīng)時(shí)間快（微秒數(shù)量級(jí)），可反復(fù)頻繁亮滅，基本無(wú)惰性，不會(huì)疲倦；色彩純厚——由半導(dǎo)體PN結(jié)自身產(chǎn)生色彩，純正，濃厚；色彩豐富——三基色加數(shù)碼技術(shù)，可演變?nèi)我馍?；輕質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)——節(jié)材，節(jié)約費(fèi)用；對(duì)燈具強(qiáng)度和剛度要求很低；——體積小巧大的LED燈具可看成由LED細(xì)胞組成，最小的LED僅為平方毫米數(shù)量級(jí)或更?。蝗嵝曰谩狶ED光源的精巧，使LED能適應(yīng)各種幾何尺寸和不同空間大小的裝飾照明要求，諸如：點(diǎn)、線、面、球、異形式，乃至任意藝術(shù)造型的燈光雕塑；可見(jiàn)，LED不愧為21世紀(jì)綠色照明的驕子。LED具研發(fā)的特點(diǎn)由于LED具有上述一系列優(yōu)勢(shì)，LED在景觀燈具的研發(fā)方面主要有以下幾個(gè)方向：園林燈，步道燈，地埋燈，小型射燈，草坪燈，快車(chē)道分道地?zé)?，壁燈等。光源采用LED，并結(jié)合變幻控制，可升級(jí)對(duì)景觀的烘托，使其更具藝術(shù)品位。非標(biāo)異形景觀燈具的開(kāi)發(fā)，在景觀照明中，燈具安裝要保護(hù)景觀和環(huán)境，防止燈具有礙觀瞻，要做到白天美化，夜幕下藝術(shù)亮化。這就需要燈具的結(jié)構(gòu)與安裝因景制宜，因建筑特色制宜，很多標(biāo)準(zhǔn)燈具是滿足不了以上要求的。LED燈具設(shè)計(jì)的柔性化，特別適合因景制宜的非標(biāo)燈具設(shè)計(jì)，使景觀照明與景觀協(xié)調(diào)，達(dá)到美化環(huán)境的新水平。藝術(shù)化景觀燈具開(kāi)發(fā)燈具本身就是一種造型藝術(shù)，而LED光源將更能使景觀燈具的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)意達(dá)到更高境界。由于LED的可控性好，色彩豐富，與微電子技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化控制，可以構(gòu)思出各種色彩繽紛、動(dòng)感節(jié)奏歡快、旋律優(yōu)美的景觀燈具。如：LED霹靂燈，比氣體放電型霹靂燈要長(zhǎng)壽得多，又不易損壞，而且色彩豐富。又如：LED風(fēng)車(chē)燈，只需微機(jī)智能控制，就可實(shí)現(xiàn)“無(wú)風(fēng)時(shí)”飛速旋轉(zhuǎn)，并且還能實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)變速和換色的美妙變幻。類(lèi)似這樣的構(gòu)思，只要有靈感，都能實(shí)現(xiàn)。燈光雕塑類(lèi)的開(kāi)發(fā)，任何仿真的、仿生的、漫畫(huà)的、卡通的、商業(yè)的、旅游的等等的各種燈光雕塑，均可結(jié)合LED和聲響技術(shù)以及微電子控制，必要時(shí)還可再加上機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)，開(kāi)發(fā)出一系列吸引人們眼球的景觀燈光雕塑。LED景觀照明的智能化控制技術(shù)，LED景觀照明的智能化控制技術(shù)，屬于模擬或數(shù)碼技術(shù)、或微機(jī)控制技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，多數(shù)為緊湊型或嵌入式系統(tǒng)。特點(diǎn)：可靠性高，價(jià)格優(yōu)；變化花樣繁多；既有單燈控制，又有群控模式；非標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)很多；長(zhǎng)或超長(zhǎng)燈具多（如：長(zhǎng)光帶，很多壁燈線狀布局情況）；與LED顯示屏技術(shù)有很多不同之處。根據(jù)景觀美化的要求，變幻控制模式，給人以豐富多彩，旋律優(yōu)美，節(jié)奏歡快的感受，有時(shí)芯至給人以撼動(dòng)人心的強(qiáng)烈刺激。根據(jù)LED可控性好，色彩豐富的特點(diǎn)，色彩構(gòu)成幾乎無(wú)限。按照三基色原理加數(shù)字灰度控制技術(shù)，原理上可演變出幾乎超越大自然存在的任意色彩。例如：三基色LED，如只采用二級(jí)灰度控制，即：明和暗，可實(shí)現(xiàn)８種色彩演變；又如：三基色LED，采用三級(jí)灰度控制，即：明、中、暗，可實(shí)現(xiàn)27種色彩變幻；再如：三基色LED，如都采用八位數(shù)碼的灰度控制，色彩種類(lèi)竟達(dá)到了令人吃驚的程度，達(dá)1677萬(wàn)種，連每一種顏色的名字你都來(lái)不及命名。目前，LED燈具的電子控制結(jié)構(gòu)，主要有五大類(lèi)或更多：?jiǎn)螣艨刂?、群燈控制、長(zhǎng)或超長(zhǎng)跨距燈控制、聲響控制、感應(yīng)控制。就壽命表現(xiàn)度而言，硅樹(shù)脂可以達(dá)到延長(zhǎng)白光LED使用壽命的目標(biāo)，甚至可以達(dá)到4萬(wàn)小時(shí)以上的使用壽命，但是，是不是真的適合用來(lái)做照明的應(yīng)用就還有待研究，因?yàn)楣铇?shù)脂是具有彈性的柔軟材料，所以在封裝的過(guò)程中，需要特別注意應(yīng)用的方式，而來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)出最適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)用技術(shù)。對(duì)于未來(lái)應(yīng)用的方面，提高白光LED的光輸出效率將會(huì)是決勝的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。白光LED的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，從過(guò)去的藍(lán)色LED和黃色的YAG熒光體的組合，開(kāi)發(fā)出仿真白光的目標(biāo)，到利用三色混合或者使用GaN材料，開(kāi)發(fā)出白光LED，對(duì)于應(yīng)用來(lái)說(shuō)，已經(jīng)可以看的出將會(huì)朝向更廣泛的方向擴(kuò)展。另外，白光LED的發(fā)光效率，這些年已經(jīng)有了不錯(cuò)的的發(fā)展，日本LED照明推進(jìn)協(xié)會(huì)目標(biāo)是，期望能夠預(yù)計(jì)在2009年達(dá)到100lm/w的發(fā)光效率，而事實(shí)上，有相當(dāng)多的業(yè)者都在朝向這方面開(kāi)發(fā)，所以預(yù)計(jì)在數(shù)年內(nèi)，100lm/w發(fā)光效率就能夠?qū)嶋H上商業(yè)化應(yīng)用。LED微電子控制電路優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的焦點(diǎn)在于：可靠、價(jià)優(yōu)，采用通用元器件，來(lái)源豐富。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)或超長(zhǎng)跨距燈的控制除以上要求，還要有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如：數(shù)十米，百米乃至千米以上的光帶或線狀布局的點(diǎn)光源。優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)還有：在運(yùn)動(dòng)控制上，要色彩豐富，變幻多姿，既含跳變，又有漸變，同時(shí)還要最大限度地減少訊導(dǎo)線。LED發(fā)展中要攻克的主要問(wèn)題LED進(jìn)入照明領(lǐng)域是新生事物，具有劃時(shí)代的意義。但是，與任何新技術(shù)一樣，LED還存在一些急需完善的方面。1）研發(fā)LED高功率點(diǎn)光源國(guó)際上，Phlips、GE、OSRAN等大公司都有雙端的球形HID產(chǎn)品，這是目前世界上最先進(jìn)的大功率HID光源，特別是Phlips公司基于這種光源的體育場(chǎng)館燈具，燈具效率和配光曲線非常優(yōu)秀。盡管LED有很多獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，但目前這方面卻是空白。高功率密度的點(diǎn)狀光源對(duì)用于半導(dǎo)體發(fā)光原理的LED可能是一個(gè)很大的技術(shù)難點(diǎn)。2）發(fā)展高效率、高功率因數(shù)、價(jià)優(yōu)的緊湊型模塊化LED電源，LED供電簡(jiǎn)便，既可直流供電，又可脈沖供電。沒(méi)有HID和高壓霓虹燈的一系列麻煩。目前，低效率的供電系統(tǒng)，拖了LED的后腿，節(jié)能水平大打折扣。開(kāi)關(guān)電源從70年代的20KHZ的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)到目前已達(dá)到1MHZ以上的軟開(kāi)關(guān)技術(shù)，問(wèn)題關(guān)鍵在于如何做到質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)廉。3）發(fā)展新型LED混光、混色技術(shù)LED光源，單位體積很小，在很多場(chǎng)合明顯是優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但有時(shí)又是缺點(diǎn)。如：在LED平面型光源上，通常出現(xiàn)點(diǎn)狀光斑以及混色不均勻現(xiàn)象。目前，混光、混色存在的問(wèn)題是：混光、混色的均勻水平與透光率的矛盾。這個(gè)問(wèn)題也是阻礙LED發(fā)展的因素，主要是材料的原因，急待攻克，對(duì)LED景觀燈具實(shí)用性有很重要的意義。LED進(jìn)入照明領(lǐng)域，是照明技術(shù)的革命性飛躍。LED對(duì)綠色照明發(fā)展的歷史性貢獻(xiàn)，將絲豪不遜于從電子管時(shí)代到晶體管時(shí)代的飛躍，即使評(píng)價(jià)為如同晶體管跨越到大規(guī)模集成電路的巨變一樣，也毫不夸張。原文:DevelopmentandapplicationofledChina'sLEDindustryiscurrentlyadisadvantageliesinthefactthataLEDproductsofdomesticenterprisesandoverseastechnicallevelthereisacertaingapinthepursuitofhigh-endcustomersatadisadvantage;Second,thedomesticICmanufacturingbasecomparedtoJapan,KoreaandTaiwan,thesestrongLEDweakareas,LEDlightchipmanufacturingcapacity,technologicallevelandpoorexternalsupportofsomematerials,thelearningcurvelongerwilltakesometimetocultivate;Third,thesizeofthedomesticLEDbusinessisstillrelativelysmall,mostofthemdidnotexceed100kk/monthlyenergy(bluegreen),thisstateofaffairsinthenexttwoyearswillbeimproved;four,domesticR&Dconcentratedinuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes,productionintheenterprises,thelackofR&Dresultsoftherapidindustrializationoftheconversionmechanism,whichshouldbelearnfromTaiwan'sIndustrialTechnologyResearchInstituteofthetechnicalachievementsthelicensingmechanismtospeeduptheconversionrateoftechnologicalachievementsandscientificresearchinstitutescannotbefortheirownindustryratherthantheoutcomeofthelatesttechnologyandtimelytransfertoindustry,theGovernmentshouldregulatethedevelopmentofrelevantpolicy-relatedbehavior;fivedomesticlackofcorepatents,inparticularrelatedtotheindustryinthelong-termdevelopmentoftheBlu-raycorepatentsandpatentlackofwhitelight,whichwillenablelong-termdevelopmentofdomesticindustriestofunction.China'slocalenterprisesatthisstageismainlyattheinitialstage,smallercompanies,themanufacturersofthemasterdonotconstituteathreattothepatent,patentissuesisnotveryprominent.However,withthedevelopmentandexpansionofdomesticenterprises,oncethescaletoacertainextent,the"goingout"developmentstrategy,willbecomeapotentialpatentissues.Atpresent,thedomesticenterprisestogrowbigger,toimproveproductqualityandtechnicallevelofthemostimportanttaskistoimprovethefuturelicensingcompaniesaskingpriceatthetime,ortograduallybreakthroughthecoreofR&Dpatents.WebelievethattheLEDindustryinChinahasgoodprospectsfordevelopment,basedonthefollowingpoints:First,intermsofthetechnology,LEDtechnologyhasthebottleneckofhighgrowth,low-thresholdcharacteristicsofthestudy,thedomesticlong-termaccumulationinthesemiconductorfieldofresearchresourcescanbeusefulwithagoodbasisforfurtherstudy.Althoughthemanufacturingofintegratedcircuitsbasedonweak,relativelylowtechnologicallevel,butsomedomesticenterprisestojoinoverseastechnicalpersonnel,continuetomakebreakthroughsintechnology,technologicallevelofdomesticenterpriseswithgoodcompanieswiththetechnologicallevelofTaiwanorlessthesameaswithinternationalcompaniesasawholehasbeennarrowingtheSecond,LEDinvestedrelativelysmallinitialinvestmentwillbe100millionplant,thedomesticenterprisestoenterthethresholdofthelow,easytoachievearollingdevelopmentandmanufactureofintegratedcircuitsandliquidcrystalpanelmanufacturerseasilytotensofbillionsofbillionsofyuanininvestmentitis"insignificant"easieraccesstothedomesticenterprisestoformindustrialclusters,ofcourse,mayalsoleadtoviciouscompetitionandtoacertainstageofdevelopmentofmarketintegration;Third,thedomesticmarketgreat,LEDmarketisthenextmajorgenerallightingmarket,themarketcapacity,end-consumermarket,scatteredanddifficulttoformamonopoly,avastlivingspaceofdomesticenterprises;Fourth,somecompanieshaveacoreofintellectualpropertyrights,suchascrystallinesiliconphotovoltaicsubstratecanGaN-rayprojects,DalianRoad,theareaoftheUnitedStatesandthecoreofthechiptechnology,hasglobalcompetitivenessoftheseenterprisesontechnologydevelopmentinthedemonstrationeffecteasytoformandpromotethehealthygrowthofthedomesticbusinessmarket;five,aftermaturityofthetechnology,LEDdownstreampackaginganddevicesarelabor-intensiveproduction,thedevelopmentofthemainlandwiththelaborcostadvantage.ThedevelopmentprocessfromtheLEDindustry,theglobalsalesofLEDaccordingtothemarketiscurrentlythelargestmobilephonebacklightmarket,withmobilephonesalesgrowthslowingdown,aswellastheOLEDscreenonthemobilephoneTFT-LCDscreentoenhancethepenetrationoftheglobalgrowthrateoftheLED.Technologicalprogressasaresultofcostreductioninthecurrent(andevenpre-2010)isnotenoughtoallowfullaccesstogeneraluseLEDlightingmarket,globalgrowthwillbethenextnotebook,LCDTVbacklighting,andautomotivemarketswiththecarinteriorlampbacklightmarket.Astheworld'stopfiveLCDpanel(LGPhilips,Samsung,AUO,CMOandSharp)inahighlevelofLEDtechnology,largeproductioncapacityinJapan,TaiwanandSouthKorea,domesticonlyBOE,polishelectricityandtheFiveDragonPVpanelsofthreelines,the4.5-generationShanghaiTianmaproductionlinewillbeabletoafterthedemandforLEDbacklighting,buttheoveralldemandisnotdominant,thedomesticenterprisestoentertheLCDpanelbacklightLEDsupplychainproceedsshouldnotbetoolargebacklitpanelwithmobilephonemarketisquitesimilar.ApplicationoftheChinesemarketatthisstagemainlyinthearchitecturallighting,indoorandoutdoordisplay,basedontheabovereasons,themainforceofthenextwavemaybepresentinthesemarkets,butinmobilephones,smallsizeLCDbacklight,automobilepenetrationwillincrease,andsomescatteredmarketssuchasspeciallightingwillopenupevenmore(thecostofspeciallightingrequirementsforgenerallightingisnotsoharsh).Afterthereplacementofafewyearsago,LEDtrafficlightsisverypopular,astheLED'slifeislonger,theshorttermitisverydifficulttoreplaceintheeventoflarge-scalework,whichmakestheLEDtrafficlightsforaperiodoflowdemandperiod;alargedomesticsedanmarket,buthigher,certificationcyclelength,aslongasthereisexcellentproductquality,domesticmotorvehiclelightsLEDbacklightingandaverylargemarketdemandandgrowthindemandinthismarketisrelativelystable;andLEDdisplayitseasytoassemble,lowpowerconsumption,highbrightness,etc.hasbeenwidelyappliedtothebanking,securities,squares,railwaystations,sportsvenues,thefutureofthismarketthereisstillgreatpotentialforgrowth;intheOlympicGames,WorldExpo,anumberofcitynightdemonstrationeffectoftheproject,ledbyNationalSemiconductorLightingProject,aswellasthemanyfavorablefactors,suchasthepromotionof,thearchitecturallightingmarketisstillabroadprospect.Generallyspeaking,anumberoflargeinternationalcompaniesfocusedonhigh-end,moreconcentratedtargetmarket's"ready"market,aswellasgenerallightingofthehugepotentialmarket,andsomeoftheproductswillberelativelylowtechnicalrequirementsthatthefuturecontrolofthedecentralizednatureofthemarketsoweakoutofhandbecauseofitslargenumberofpatents,donotworryaboutthefuturewasoutofthemarketatthisstagenottopursueproductioncapacity(permonthtoNichia500kk,ToyodaGoseiandCreewere350kkand300kk),andfocusontechnologytoleadthemarkettrend,Whenthetechnologyismatureenoughtobethesizeofthemarketintothegenerallighting,itisestimatedthatitsproductioncapacitywillberapidlyandatthesametimetoreduceexternallicensing.This"center-periphery"ofthecompetitionisexpectedtomaintainalongperiodoftime.Atpresent,themajormanufacturersintheMainlandmarket,ifthefearofchipexportswillencountertwochallenges:First,largeinternationalcompaniesinpatentlitigation(mainlyblueandwhite),infact,aslongasacertainsize,regardlessoftheexportandwhetherthepatentwillencounterchallenges,buttheexportofpatentlitigationismorelikelythatanumberof;Second,thecompetitivenessofotherexternalvendors,especiallymanufacturersinTaiwan,Taiwan'straditionalmanufacturersfollowedtheirstrategy-andtechnologytotracktheinternationalcompanies,atthesametimestronglyimproveproductivity,reducecostsandproductioncapacityinTaiwantheworld'sfirstchip,thereareanumberofotherindustriessuchasthegiantHonHai,theMau,thetotalbeinggoodtoenterthisarea,caninfluencethefutureofTaiwanLEDchipglobalmarketpricefluctuations.Giventhehugedomesticmarketdemand,domesticchipplants,evenifitcanrelyonthedomesticmarketofthedevelopmentofanadequate,ifthephotocompaniesoverseasunlimitedaccesstodomesticmarkets,domesticcompanieswillfacecontinuedcompetitivepressures,whichinthelong-termdomesticenterprisesisaverynegativestatement.LEDindustryisgrowingatthisstage,butalsothelayoutoftheLEDmakersaviewofdomestic,foreigninvestmentintheMainlandtoenjoytaxincentives,domesticenterprisestocompeteinanunequalpositiontoenterthedomesticmarkettoforeigninvestorsshouldbeencouragedtosetupfactoriesinChinatoengageinoutreach,chipcoretechnology,suchasenterprises,theseenterprisescanpromotepersonneltrainingandraisingtheoverallskilllevel;shouldbelimitedtothosepackagesinthecountry,chip,suchaspartofthecoretechnologyfortheoccupationintheforeignmarketfromtheenterprise,Oncesuchabusinesscardinallcoreareas,andlocalenterprisesdonotenjoythebenefitsoftechnologicalprogress,developmentandlimitedspace,Iamafraidtheywillscrambletorelyonpricewar,notsohardtocurryfavorwiththeirownthing,sodealwithonlypartofthecurrentpackageinChinatolimitforeigninvestment,suchasimporttariffsleviedonthechip.Fromthepatentlitigationisconcerned,itsnotterrible,aslongasourmaincompetitors,havetopay,westillcompeteinthesamestartingline,Taiwan'smajorinvolvingtheblueandwhiteLEDchipfactoryinthegrowthprocesshaveexperiencedlitigationLED,reachedasettlementintheproceedingstoobtainpatents,continuetogrow.Thebestresponseistodoatthisstagealarge-scale,accesstopatents,whileatthesametimestrengthenitsownR&Dtoimprovethepatentlitigationinthebargainingpowerforcross-licensing.Domesticenterprisesintermsofsize,Sandymayusherinthegrowthofthefirst"baptism."Thefutureindustrialcompetitivenesswilldependontwoaspects,firstly,technology,includingtoimprovelight-emittingefficiencyandlowerthecostoftechnologytoimprovepowerdevicetechnology,thedirectionoftheroadthereisanextensionofexistingtechnology,butalsopossibleroutesofnewtechnologies;alsoincludingaccesstohigh-qualitytechnologyproducts,aswellasexternalsystemssuchaslightingdesignandtechnology-drivenchipdesign;Second,thescale,onthe

onehand,duetolargescaletoreducecosts,themarketstrongbargainingpower;Ontheotherhand,compoundswithICwafermanufactureofsiliconusedisverydifferent,evenifanextensiononthesameproductionoutofthechipperformancemaybequitedifferent,whichrequirerelativelyhighconsistencyofapplicationareas(suchasatypicalLCDbacklight),theextensionofanThereisonlyapartoftomeettherequirements,butlarge-scaleenterprises,thenumberoflevelsofmarketstructure,canbeinconsistentwiththerequirementsofaparticularmarketdeploymentofchipproductstoanothermarket,thecompany'stotaloutputtoincreasetheefficiencyofthefull.LEDindustryabrightfuture,butonlyintheabove-mentionedtwoaspectsoftheindustry'sleadingenterpriseisthefutureking.Conclusion:Companycommented,domesticenterprisesshouldbeconcernedaboutwhat?IntheentireLEDindustrychainandwhichbusinessconcern?Fromtheoveralldevelopmentprocess,thefivecompaniesmostinvestmentvalue.Aclassofintellectualpropertyrightsisacorebusiness.Roomforthedevelopmentofsuchenterprisesinthemostbroad-baseddomestictoNanchangUniversityestablishedajointprivateequityfundisthecrystalcanbeatypicalrepresentativeofphotoelectric,photoelectriccrystalcanbemadeofsilicon-basedGunBlu-raytechnologytotheworld'stopthreeblueLightoneprocesstechnologytobreakthroughforeignpatentsNichiaandCreeblockade,thecompanyissetupnearthecurrentleveloftheindustryneedtobeinspected;anotherLuforDalian,thecompanythroughtheacquisitionofAmericanLEDchipmanufacturerstomakechipsAXTtechnologyincreases,accesstomorethan40patentedcoretechnologies,aswellasthetechnicalteam.Inaddition,DalianLuengagedinrareearthsincetheoriginallight-emittingmaterial,whiteinthesynthesisoffluorescentpowderusedintheproductionofanedge,isoneoftheworldproductionofonlyafewcanproducelight-emittinglight-emittingmaterialscanchipbusiness.Moreover,thepossibilityofR&Dnewrare-earthfluorescentpowder,breakthroughchina,Ourwhitelighttechnology,suchaspatents,forthedomesticindustryintothegeneralLEDlightingbreakthroughinthelastbarriers!WhiteLEDlightingaslongasthetwomajor"stumblingblock"-Blu-raypatentandwhitepatenttomakeabreakthrough,thedomesticLEDindustryabrightfutureaheadfortherestofthedomesticindustryistotesttheabilityoftheindustry.Apartfromthemercury-freeLEDlightsource,savingenergy,materials,environmentalnon-electromagneticinterference,non-harmfulraysfiveadvantage,fieldsinlighting,especiallyinlandscapelighting,therearemanyadvantages.Suchas:low-voltagepowersupply-nohigh-pressureareas,inordertoinsulationcostsmuchless,highreliabilityannexsimple-nostarter,ballastorEHVtransformer;simplestructure-asolidsourceofthegreatestadvantages,Non-carbonated,non-glasscase,nogassealingproblems,impactresistance;controllablegood-fastresponsetimecolorChina--SemiconductorPNjunctionproducetheirowncolor,pure,strong,richcolors-plusthreeprimarycolorsofdigitaltechnology,evolutionofarbitrarycolor;lightstructure-wood,cost-saving;lampsonstrengthandstiffnessrequirementsofverylow----ThecompactsizeoftheLEDlampscanbeseenastheLEDcells,onlythesmallestLEDmm2orderofmagnitudeorless;flexiblegood-LEDlightsourceofthecompact,LEDcanadapttoallkindsofdifferentsizeandgeometryofspacesizeThedecorativelightingrequirements,suchas:point,line,surface,theball,differentforms,andanyformofartlightingsculpture;visible,LEDisworthyofagreenlightingofthe21stcenturyproud.LEDdecorativelandscapelightingresearchanddevelopmentduetothecharacteristicsoftheLEDwithaseriesofadvantages,LEDlampsinthelandscapegardenlights,pathlights,lampsandburied,smallspotlights,CakeDeng,theFast-TrackRoadLamps,walllamp,andsoon.SourceuseLED,combinedwithchangesincontrol,upgradingtheHowonthelandscape,makingthemmoreartistictastes.Non-standardprofiledthedevelopmentoflandscapelighting,landscapelighting,lampsinstalledtoprotectthelandscapeandenvironment,thepreventionoflightingthevisualimpact,inordertobeautifytheday,undertheartisticLightnight.ThisrequiresinstallationoflampsbecauseofthestructureandsystemtoKing,thearchitecturalfeaturestothesystem,manycannotmeetthestandardlampsismorethanrequired.LEDlampsdesignedflexible,especiallyforthesystemtoKingbecauseofthenon-standardlightingdesign,landscapelightingandvisualcoordination,beautifytheenvironmenttoachieveanewlevel.adevelopmentofVisualArts,andtheLEDlightsourcecanbemorecreativeartoflandscapelightingtoahigherrealm.AsthecontrollableLEDgood,richcolors,andmicroelectronictechnologyintelligentcontrol,toallkindsofideascanbecolorandexcitingjoyfulrhythm,melodybeautifullandscapelighting.Suchas:LEDlightsPark,Pintthanthegas-dischargelampstobemuchmorelongevity,notdamaged,andrichcolors.Anotherexample:LEDlightswinds,justintelligentcomputercontrol,wecanachieve"Nowindatthe"rapidrotation,andalsoenablesautomatictransmissionandforthewonderfulcolorchanges.Similarideas,aslongastheinspiration,canachieve.Lightingsculpturecategoryofdevelopment,anyofthesimulation,bionics,comics,cartoons,commercial,tourismandsoonthevariouslightingsculpture,andsoundcanbecombinedLEDtechnologyandmicroelectronicscontrol,whentogetherwithOnthemechanicalandelectricalintegrationtechnology,developedtoattractpeople'sattentionaseriesoflandscapelightingsculptures.LEDlightinglandscapeofintelligentcontroltechnology,LEDlightinglandscapeofintelligentcontroltechnology,adigitaloranalogtechnology,orcomputercontroltechnology,forthemostcompactorembeddedsystems.Characteristics:highreliability,excellentprices;manychangesinpatterns;existingsingle-lightcontrol,anothergroupcontrolmode;manynon-standarddesign;longlonglampsormore(suchas:long-zone,manyWalllinearlayout);LEDdisplaytechnologyandalotofdifference.Accordingtothelandscapingrequirements,changesincontrolmode,givestorichandcolorful,beautifulmelody,rhythmjoyfulfeelings,sometimestoshakethecoretogivepeopleastrongboost.Accordingtoofrichcolor,colorconstitutealmostunlimited.Inaccordancewiththeprinciplesofthethreeprimarycolorsandgray-scaledigitalcontroltechnology,ontheprincipleofevolutiontobealmostbeyondthearbitrarynaturecolor.Forexample:threecolorLED,suchasusingonlytwogray-scalecontrol,namely:thedarkandcanachieveeightkindsofcolorevolution;Anotherexample:threecolorLED,athree-graycontrol,namely:thatinthedark,Toachieve27kindsofcolorchanges;Anotherexample:threecolorLED,suchastheuseoftheeightdigitalcontrolofgray,colorcategorieshasreachedanalarminglevel,reaching16.77millionkinds,eventhenamesofeverycoloryouaretoolateNamed.Currently,LEDlampselectroniccontrolstructure,therearefiveormorecategories.Ontheperformanceoflife,thesiliconecanbeachievedtoextendtheservicelifeofwhiteLEDtarget,orevenreachmorethan40,000hoursoflife,butisnotreallysuitedtodothelightingontheapplicationofresearchstillneedstobe,becausethesiliconeIsaflexiblesoftmaterial,sointhepackagingprocess,theneedtopayspecialattentiontoapplicationoftheway,fromdesigningthemostappropriateapplicationoftechnology.Forthefutureofthearea,improvewhiteLEDlightoutputefficiencywillbekeytowinningthepoint.WhiteLEDproductiontechniques,fromablueLEDandayellowYAGphosphormix,developedasimulationofthewhitetarget,theuseofcolourormixeduseofGaNmaterials,developedawhiteLED,theapplicationshavealreadyWillbereadoutinthedirectiontowardsamoreextensiveexpansion.Inaddition,inthedevelopmentofLEDlightingpromotingtheJapanAssociationgoalistolookforwardtoin2009isexpectedtoreach100wtheluminousefficiency,andinfact,aconsiderablenumberofIntheindustrytowardsthedevelopmentofthisarea,isexpectedinthenextfewyears,100wluminousefficiencycanactuallycommercialapplications.LEDmicro-electroniccontrolcircuitdesignoptimizationofthefocusis:reliable,thepriceofdistinctions,usingcommoncomponents,sourcesofwealth.Thele