Unit8+語法-+情態(tài)動詞用法 牛津譯林版八年級英語上冊

Unit8語法-情態(tài)動詞用法情態(tài)動詞一．情態(tài)動詞定義情態(tài)動詞（Modalverbs）本身有一定的詞義，表示語氣的單詞，主要用于表達我們?nèi)祟惖那楦信c態(tài)度。但是不能獨立作謂語，只能和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞用在行為動詞前，表示說話人對這一動作或狀態(tài)的看法或主觀設(shè)想。二.情態(tài)動詞特征1）情態(tài)動詞（modalverb）本身有詞義，表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)。2）情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，后跟動詞原型。3）情態(tài)動詞的否定直接在本身后面+not三.常見情態(tài)動詞用法1）can（1）.表示能力、許可、可能性。表示能力時一般譯為“能、會”，即有種能力，尤其是生來具備的能力，此時may和must均不可代替它。如：Shecanswimfast,butIcan’t.她能游得很快，但我不能。Icanseewithmyeyes.我用眼睛看。（2）.表示許可，常在口語中。如：Youcanusemydictionary.你可以用我的字典。2）could（1）.can的過去式，意為“能、會”，表示過去的能力。如：Hecouldwritepoemswhenhewas10.他十歲時就會寫詩。（2）.could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時could沒有過去式的意思。如:Couldyoudomeafavor?你能幫我個忙嗎？—CouldIuseyourpen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎?—Yes,youcan.可以。（注意回答）3）must(1).must表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定”。如：YoumuststayhereuntilIcomeback.在我回來之前你必須呆在這兒。MustIhandinmyhomeworkrightnow?我必須現(xiàn)在交作業(yè)嗎？(2)其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要”“千萬別”“禁止,不許”如：Youmustn’tplaywithfire.你不許玩火。Youmustn’tbelate.你一定不要遲到。(3)對must引導的疑問句，肯定回答為must，否定回答為needn’t或don’thaveto.如：—MustIfinishmyhomework?我現(xiàn)在必須完成作業(yè)嗎？—No,youneedn’t.不，你不必。4）shall表示征求對方意見（多用于第一、三人稱）如：—Shallwegooutforawalk?我們出去散步好嗎？—That’sagoodidea./Goodidea.好主意！5）may(1).表示請求、許可，比can正式如：MayIborrowyourbike?我可以借你的自行車嗎？Youmaygohomenow.現(xiàn)在你可以回家了。(2).表示推測，談?wù)摽赡苄?，意為“可能，或許”，一般用于肯定句中。如：Itmayraintomorrow.明天可能會下雨。Shemaybeathome.她可能在家呢.6）will/would（would是will的過去式）（1）表估計：“想必，大概”（只時態(tài)區(qū)別）表對目前事物的預(yù)料。Thatwillbethepostmanringing.(would表示過去/現(xiàn)在；will表示現(xiàn)在/將來)（2）表“請求/要求”（Willyou？）此意用于疑問句，常與you連用Willyougivemeapieceofpaper?7）Should的用法：【解析】should的用法1)should“應(yīng)該”，表示勸告、建議、命令，常與Ithink/Idon'tthink/Doyouthink連用。Youlooktired.Youshouldgotobedatonce.你看上去累了，應(yīng)該馬上去睡覺。IthinkIshouldhelphimbecauseheisintrouble.我想我該幫他一把，因為他碰上麻煩了。2)should用于表達合理的推斷或明顯的結(jié)果，且所期待的事幾乎是事實。Itisthreeo’clock.Thefootballgameshouldbeginsoon.現(xiàn)在是3點，足球比賽應(yīng)該馬上開始了。She'sbeenstudyinghardfortheexam,sosheshouldpass.她一直很努力地為考試做準備，應(yīng)該可以通過?！局R拓展】★oughtto=shouldOughtnotto=shouldnot注意：oughtto的疑問句形式將ought提前Sheoughtto/shouldpaymoreattentiontowhatherlawyersays.否定句：__________________________________________________________一般疑問句：_________________________________________________________針對性練習選擇最佳答案填空: —IsPeterhereyet?—Notyet,buthe beheresoon.Heisusuallyontime. D.must bemorecarefulnexttime. B.may C.hadto D.should It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack behereatanymoment.A.must B.need D.can Iwasn'tsurewhetherI offertohelpornot. B.may D.can8）hadbetter的用法hadbetter表強烈建議，意為“最好還是”，后接+動詞原形否定形式：hadbetternotdosth最好不要做某事完成句子1.我覺得你最好明天去看望他。Ithinkyou'dbetter_______toseehimtomorrow.2.你最好現(xiàn)在不要做那事。（否定式）Youhadbetter______________thatnow.3.早餐最好在8點前吃。（被動語態(tài)）Breakfast____________________________before8o’clock.針對性練習 根據(jù)所給情景，用hadbetter與括號內(nèi)的詞完成句子:You'regoingoutforawalkwithTom.Itmightrain.YousaytoTom:你最好帶把雨傘。(anumbrella) Jackhasjustcuthimself.Yousaytohim:你最好下次更小心些。(morecareful) 3)Jilldoesn'tlookwell—notwellenoughtogotowork.Yousaytoher:你最好今天不要去工作。(gotowork) 知識點3：情態(tài)動詞句式變化(1).一般疑問句情態(tài)動詞直接提前如：Hecangotoschoolbybike.（改為一般疑問句）Canhegotoschoolbuybike?(2).否定句在情態(tài)動詞后加not如：Hemustgohomeatseveno’clock.（改為否定句）Hemustn’tgohomeatseveno’clock.【真題練習】1.-YuanLongping，afamousChinesescientist，isnowdoingresearchonsearice．-Iffarmers____startplantingriceinsaltywater，China'sfoodsupplywillsurelyrise．A．canB．can'tC．mustD．mustn't2.Tokeepchildrensafe,we___________putthethingslikeknivesandmedicineawayinourhouse.A.mayB.shouldC.canD.might3.Tommy,______playbasketballinthestreetnexttime.Youmaygethitbyacar.A.doB.don'tC.mustD.mustn't4.-Mom,______ivisittheartmuseumnextMonday?-I'mafraidyoucan't.AllmuseumsinthecityareclosedonMonday.A.wouldB.needC.shouldD.may5.Look!Thetrafficlighthasturnedred.We__________stopourcar.A.can B.can't C.must D.mustn't6.-______youcomewithmetoLangLang'spianoconcertthisevening?-I'dloveto,butIhavetostudyformymathtest.A.ShouldB.MayC.MustD.Can7.—Someoneisknockingatthedoor.IsitAnn?—It_____beher.Sheisgivingaperformanceatthetheatrenow.A.mayB.mustC.can’tD.mustn’t8.—________Iswimhere?—I’msorry.Children_______swimalonehere.A.Must;can’tB.May;mustC.Can;mustn’tD.Can’t;can【專題演練】1.-Mum,___IvisittheModernArtMuseumnextMonday?

-I’mafraidyoucan’t.AllthemuseumsinthecityareclosedonMonday.

A.wouldB.needC.shouldD.may2.-Look!Here’sagreenschoolbag.IsitLiLei’s?It___beLiLei’s.Hisisorange-and-white.A.can’tB.mustC.needn’t3.

youplaygolf? No.ButIcanplaytabletennis. A.Can B.May C.Must D.Should4.Ican'tstopplayingcomputergames. Foryourhealth,myboy.I'mafraidyou

. A.can B.may C.will D.haveto5.Hi,Jim,

youcometomyparty? OK.Iwill. A.can B.may C.need D.must6.—MustIfinishthatworktoday? —No,you

.Youmayfinishitinthreedays. A.mustn't B.needn't C.shouldn't D.couldn't7.Howisyourfriendcoming? I'mnotsure.He

drivehere. A.may B.can C.must D.will8.Whereismumnow? I'mnotsure.She

beinthekitchen. A.shall B.may C.need D.must9.Tom,myclassmate,

writehisnameattheageofthree. A.can B.may C.wasableto D.hadto10.

Itakesomephotosinthehall? No,you

. A.Can;needn't B.Must;mustn't C.Could;won't D.May;mustn't11.Who'sthatgirlswimminginthepool?IsitLucy? It

beLucy.Sheissleepinginherbedroomnow. A.maynot B.can't C.must D.should12.MustIparkmycarbehindthebuilding? No,you

.You

parkithere. A.mustn't;may B.maynot;must C.don'thaveto;may D.shouldn't;must13.Willyouanswerthedoor?It

beyourmother. Sorry,I

.I'mbusy. A.can;mustn't B.will;can't C.may;can't D.need;will14.Tom,you

playwiththeknife;you

hurtyourself. A.won't;can't B.mustn't;may C.shouldn't;must D.can't;shouldn't15.Thepiano

beAlice's. Ithinkso.Sheistheonlystudentwho

playthepianoinourclass. A.must;can B.must;should C.could;need D.might;will16.Theoldman

liveinaquietroom,buthishouseisveryneartoabusystreet,soit

bequiet. A.can;can B.should;mustn'tC.should;can't D.can;must17.Inwinter,you

gooutwithwethair,oryou

catchacold. A.needn't;may B.mustn't;mustC.shouldn't;may D.can't;must18.

youliketogoshoppingwithmethisafternoon? Sorry,I'mbusy.I

notbefreeuntiltomorrowafternoon. A.Will;may B.Would;might C.Will;must D.Would;need19.

youdrive? No,Ican't.ButI

learntodrivenextyear.I'mnotsure. A.Will;may B.Can;may C.Should;could D.Can;must20.-TheGreenshavegoneawayonholiday.They____beathome.

A.mustn’tB.can’tC.maynotD.needn’t課后作業(yè)完形填空aLastweek,studentsatRosieBridgeSchoolworkedhardtomaketheirEnglishWeekabigsuccess.TherewasanEnglishbookfairinthelibraryandatreasurehunt.Somestudents1anEnglishplay.2studentstookpartinanEnglishsingingcompetition.Therewasalsoaspeakingcompetition.ThestudentshadtospeakonatopicinEnglish3twominutes.Wespoketothewinner,Henry.“I’msohappythatIwon,”hesaid.“I4peopletospeakslowly.5theywanttobegoodpublicspeakers,they’dbetterspeakclearlyandconfidently.”WealsospoketoseveralotherstudentsaboutEnglishWeek.OneofthemwasAmy.“I6enjoyedEnglishWeek.Itgavemea7tolearnnewwords.IthinkthateveryschoolshouldhaveanEnglishWeek.It’swellworth8,”shesaid.OnthelastdayofEnglishWeek,theheadteachergaveaspeechtothewholeschool.Hegavestudents9suggestionsonhowtoimprovetheirEnglish.“YoushouldcommunicateinEnglishwithyourfriendswheneveryoucan.YoushouldreadEnglishbooksandmagazines,andwatchEnglishtelevision10.Aboveall,youshouldenjoyEnglish!”hesaid.1.A.putupB.putoffC.putonD.putout2.A.OtherB.AnotherC.OthersD.Theothers3.A.forB.inC.afterD.since4.A.chooseB.adviseC..hopeD.communicate5.A.UnlessB.UntilC.IfD.Because6.A.hardlyB.veryC.quietlyD.really7.A.stepB.chanceC.prizeD.text8.A.doB.todoC.doingD.todoing9.A.anyB.someC.noD.all10.A.programmesB.competitionsC.topicsD.methods閱讀理解AListeningisanimportantpartoflearningEnglish.Herearesomesuggestionsonlistening.Wehopetheycanhelpyou.★RelaxyourselfBeforeyoustarttolistentosomething,youneedtorelax.Thiscanhelpyourlistening.Don’tgetnervousorexcited.★ListencarefullytothefirstsentenceThefirstsentencetellsyoualotaboutthewholepassage,solistencarefullytoit.★Thinkwhatyou’relisteningWhenyoulisten,trytodosomethinking.Forexample:Whathappened?When,whereandhow?Whatwastheresultandwhatdoesthespeakerwanttotellus?Inthisway,youcanunderstandthepassagebetter.★ListentoimportantfactsIt’simportantforyoutoremembersomeimportantfacts.Forexample,ifthepassageisasciencereport,youshouldtrytorememberitsfindings,andhowthescientistsgettheresults.Thisisalsohelpfultoyourlistening.1.Beforeyoustarttolistentosomething,youneedtobe______.A.relaxedB.nervousC.excitedD.sad2.Listencarefullyto______whenlistening.A.thefirstsentenceB.thesecondsentenceC.thelastsentenceD.A,BandC3.Whenlistening,wedon’tneedtothink“______”.A.Whathappened?B.Whendidthethinghappen?C.Whatdoesthespeakerwanttotellus?D.Howoldisthespeaker?4.Isitimportanttoremembersomeimportantfactswhenlistening?A.Yes,itis.B.No,itisn’t.C.Yes,itisn’t.D.No,itis.5.Ifthepassageisaboutasciencereport,youshouldremember______whenlistening.A.theirfamilyB.howthescientistsgettheresultsC.howoldtheyareD.whattheylikeBAsastudent,Iwasmostafraidtoanswerquestionsinclass,andIfoundthatthestudentsaroundwerejustlikeme.Atthebeginningofeachclass,whentheteacheraskedaquestion,IalwaysloweredmyheadbecauseIwasafraidthattheteachersawme.Oneday,inaforeignlanguageclass,Mr.Blackgaveusalesson.Hewantedustobeactiveinclass,soheaskedussomequestions,butnooneanswered.“Letmetellyouastoryfirst,”hesaid.“WhenIcametotheUnitedStatestostudy,theuniversityofteninvitedfamouspeopletomakespeeches.Beforethebeginningofeveryspeech,Ifoundaninterestingthing.Thestudentsaroundmealwaystookacardboardfolded(折疊的)inhalf,wrotetheirnamesinboldwiththemosteye-catchingcolor,andthenplacedthecardboardontheseat.Sowhenthespeakerneededtheanswersfromthe