統(tǒng)考版2024屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)項(xiàng)分層特訓(xùn)卷閱讀理解保分練七主旨大意題-文章大意段落大意類(lèi)

閱讀理解保分練(七)主旨大意題——文章大意、段落大意類(lèi)(A)[2023·全國(guó)乙卷，D]Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook'svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,__wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.2．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A．Hisreportwasscientific.B．Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C．HeruledoverBotanyBay.D．Hisrecordwasone-sided.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A．Problem.B．History.C．Voice.D．Society.4．Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A．HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB．AShortHistoryofAustraliaC．AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD．HowArtWorksTellStories(B)[2023·沈陽(yáng)市高三質(zhì)檢]Lonelinessissignificantmentalhealthconcernandcanraisetheriskofdeathby45%andcontactwithnatureincitiessignificantlyreducesfeelingsofloneliness,accordingtoateamofscientists.Thestudyisthefirsttoassesshowtheenvironmentcanaffectloneliness.Itusedreal-timedata,collectedviaasmartphoneapp,ratherthanrelyingonpeople'smemoryofhowtheywerefeeling.Theresearchfoundthatfeelingsofovercrowdingincreasedlonelinessbyanaverageof30%.Butwhenpeoplewereabletoseetreesorhearbirds,feelingsoflonelinessfellby28%.Feelingsofsocialinclusionalsocutlonelinessby21%andwhenthesefeelingscoincided(同時(shí)發(fā)生)withcontactwithnature,thebeneficialeffectwasboostedbyafurther18%.Thefindingspointedtointerventionstoreduceloneliness.Theresearcherssaid,“Specificmeasuresthatincreasesocialinclusionandcontactwithnatureshouldbetaken,especiallyinthicklypopulatedcities.”Timespentinnatureisknowntoboostwell-being,withwoodlandwalksestimatedtosavetheUKatleast￡185millionayearinmentalhealthcosts,forexample.TheresearchcollecteddatafromurbancitizensacrosstheworldusingtheUrbanMindresearchapp.Morethan750peopleprovided16,600oftheseassessments.Theparticipantswereself-selectingsoitdidnotprovidearepresentativesampleofthewiderpopulations.Butwhentheresearcherstookage,education,andoccupationsintoaccount,thebenefitsofnaturecontactandfeelingsofsocialinclusiononlonelinessremainedstronglystatisticallysignificant.JohannaGibbons,partoftheresearchteam,said,“Citiesareprobablytheonlyhabitatthatisincreasingatahighrate.Soweshouldbecreatingurbanhabitatswherepeoplecanthrive(興旺發(fā)達(dá)).”5．Howwastheresearchconducted?A．Byrelyingonpeople'smemory.B．Bysurveying750urbanparticipants.C．Bycollectingdatathroughasmartphoneapp.D．Bycheckingaworldwiderepresentativesample.6．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A．Manybigcitiestaketheleadintheresearch.B．Timespentindoorsimprovespeople'swell-being.C．Woodlandwalksgreatlyreducesocialcontactwithpeople.D．InterventionstoreducelonelinessbenefittheUKfinancially.7．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearch?A．Itoffersawiderangeofsamplesglobally.B．Thefindingsarestatisticallyremarkable.C．Thecarefullyselectedparticipantsarereliable.D．Threeotherfactorsareconsideredexcepteducation.8．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．Thementalproblemsoflivinginbigcities.B．Developingurbanhabitatsathighspeed.C．Researchonhowtogetridoflonelinessinnature.D．Reducinglonelinessincitiesviacontactwithnature.閱讀理解保分練（七）（A）語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：議論文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——?dú)v史敘事——討論書(shū)面文本及無(wú)文字社會(huì)的重要性【文章大意】本文討論了僅僅依靠書(shū)面文本來(lái)講述世界歷史的局限性，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了將物品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無(wú)文字社會(huì)的重要性。1．答案與解析：A主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.（如果你想講述整個(gè)世界的歷史，一段不以人類(lèi)某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過(guò)文本來(lái)講述，因?yàn)槭澜缟现挥幸徊糠秩说臍v史曾經(jīng)被文學(xué)記錄過(guò)，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時(shí)間里，都沒(méi)有。寫(xiě)作是人類(lèi)較晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至許多有文字的社會(huì)也不僅用文字，而且用物件來(lái)記錄他們所關(guān)心的事情。）”可推知，第一段主要講述的是歷史應(yīng)該如何呈現(xiàn)給我們。故選A。2．答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段首句“Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.（理想情況下，歷史應(yīng)該將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起，本書(shū)的某些章節(jié)能夠做到這一點(diǎn)，但在許多情況下，我們根本做不到。）”可推斷，作者認(rèn)為歷史應(yīng)該是文本和物品相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，但是很多情況下，我們做不到。再根據(jù)所舉例子的下文“FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield（盾）droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.（從英國(guó)方面來(lái)看，我們有科學(xué)報(bào)告和船長(zhǎng)對(duì)那可怕的一天的記錄。從澳大利亞方面來(lái)看，我們只有一個(gè)木制盾牌，這是一名男子在第一次經(jīng)歷槍擊后在飛行中扔下的。）”可知，作者舉這個(gè)例子是為了說(shuō)明船長(zhǎng)的記錄是片面的，只從自己的角度描述了問(wèn)題。故選D。3．答案與解析：B詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.（加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以及印加人，所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書(shū)中，他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過(guò)他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過(guò)去最強(qiáng)大的成就：通過(guò)物品講述的歷史給了他們一個(gè)話語(yǔ)權(quán)。當(dāng)我們考慮諸如此類(lèi)的有文化社會(huì)和無(wú)文化社會(huì)之間的接觸時(shí)，我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對(duì)話的一半。）”結(jié)合劃線句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.（如果我們要找到對(duì)話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。）”可知，我們對(duì)過(guò)去歷史的了解，只是書(shū)寫(xiě)歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀物品。所以conversation指的是“歷史”。故選B。4．答案與解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemo