71-320(制動(dòng))國(guó)外汽車行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)萊茵技術(shù) 汽車行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

71/320/EEC關(guān)于與某些類別汽車及其掛車制動(dòng)裝置有關(guān)的各成員國(guó)的法律協(xié)調(diào)國(guó)家汽車質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)中心編譯萊茵技術(shù)（上海）有限公司北京辦事處

EN中文ConsolidatedTEXT統(tǒng)一文本producedbytheCONSLEGsystemoftheOfficeforOfficialPublicationsoftheEuropeanCommunities歐洲共同體官方出版物辦公室CONSLEG體系出版CONSLEG:1971L0320—01/05/2004Numberofpages:362頁(yè)數(shù)：362頁(yè)OfficeforOfficialPublicationsoftheEuropeanCommunities歐洲共同體官方出版物辦公室1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—1Thisdocumentismeantpurelyasadocumentationtoolandtheinstitutionsdonotassumeanyliabilityforitscontents?BCOUNCILDIRECTIVEof26July1971ontheapproximationofthelawsoftheMemberStatesrelatingtothebrakingdevicesofcertaincategoriesofmotorvehiclesandoftheirtrailers(71/320/EEC)(OJL202,6.9.1971,p.37)Amendedby:OfficialJournalNo pagedate?M1CommissionDirective74/132/EECof11February1974 L74 7 ?M2CommissionDirective75/524/EECof25July1975L?M3CommissionDirective79/489/EECof18April1979 L128 12 ?M4CommissionDirective85/647/EECof23December1985 L380 1 ?M5CommissionDirective88/194/EECof24March1988 L92 ?M6CommissionDirective91/422/EECof15July1991 ?M7CommissionDirective98/12/ECof27January1998 L81 ?M8CommissionDirective2002/78/ECof1October2002 L267 共362頁(yè)第1頁(yè)1971L0320—中文—2004年5月1日—010.001—1本文件純屬文件編制工具，有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)其內(nèi)容不承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任。?B 1971年7月26日委員會(huì)指令關(guān)于與某些類別汽車及其掛車制動(dòng)裝置有關(guān)的各成員國(guó)的法律協(xié)調(diào)（71/320/EEC）（OJL202，1971年9月按以下指令修訂：公報(bào)編號(hào) 頁(yè)碼 日期?M11974年2月11日?M21975年7月25日委員會(huì)指令75/524/EECL236?M31979年4月18日?M41985年12月23日委員會(huì)指令?M51988年3月?M61991年7月15日?M71998年1月27日?M82002年10月1日共362頁(yè)第2頁(yè)1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—2Amendedby:?A1 ActofAccessionofDenmark,IrelandandtheUnitedL73 14 27.3.1972KingdomofGreatBritainand?A2 ActconcerningtheconditionsofaccessionofL236 33 23.9.2003theCzechRepublic,theRepublicofEstonia,theRepublicoftheRepublicofLatvia,theRepublicofHungary,theRepublicofMalta,theRepublicofSloveniaandtheSlovakonwhichtheEuropeanUnionisfoundedCorrectedby:?C1 ConsolidatedtextofcorrigendatoinstrumentspublishedinSpecialEditions1952-72,p.96(71/320/EEC)?C2 Corrigendum,OJL247,23.9.1975,p.36(75/524/EEC)?C3 Corrigendum,OJL275,2.10.1991,p.36(91/422/EEC)共362頁(yè)第3頁(yè)1971L0320—中文—2004年5月1日—010.001—2按以下法案修訂：?A1 丹麥、愛(ài)爾蘭以及大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)的加入法案L73 14 1972?A2有關(guān)捷克共和國(guó)、愛(ài)沙尼亞共和國(guó)、塞浦路斯共和國(guó)、L23633 2003拉脫維亞共和國(guó)、立陶宛共和國(guó)、匈牙利共和國(guó)、馬耳他共和國(guó)、波蘭共和國(guó)、斯洛文尼亞共和國(guó)及斯洛伐克共和國(guó)加入條件的法案以及歐盟創(chuàng)建條約的各項(xiàng)修正條款按以下勘誤表更正：?C1 于1952-72，第96頁(yè)（71/320/EEC）專版中公布的儀器勘誤表統(tǒng)一文本?C2 勘誤表，OJL247，1975年9月23日，第36?C3 勘誤表，OJL275，1991年10月2日共362頁(yè)第4頁(yè)1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—3▼BCOUNCILDIRECTIVEof26July1971ontheapproximationofthelawsoftheMemberStatesrelatingtothebrakingdevicesofcertaincategoriesofmotorvehiclesandoftheirtrailers(71/320/EEC)THECOUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANCOMMUNITIES,HavingregardtotheTreatyestablishingtheEuropeanEconomicCommunity,andinparticularArticle100thereof;HavingregardtotheproposalfromtheCommission;HavingregardtotheOpinionoftheEuropeanParliament(1);Having regard to the Opinion ofthe Economic and SocialCommittee(2);Whereasthetechnicalrequirementswhichmotorvehiclesmustsatisfypursuanttonationallawsrelate,interalia,tothebrakingdevicesofcertaincategoriesofmotorvehiclesandoftheirtrailers;WhereasthoserequirementsdifferfromoneMemberStatetoanother;whereasitisthereforenecessarythatallMemberStatesadoptthesamerequirementseitherinadditiontoorinsteadoftheirexistingrules,inorder,inparticular,toallowtheEECtypeapprovalprocedurewhichwasthesubjectoftheCouncilDirectiveof6February1970ontheapproximationofthelawsoftheMemberStatesrelatingtothetypeapprovalofmotorvehiclesandtheirtrailerstobeappliedinrespectofeachtypeofvehicle(3);WhereastheharmonisedrequirementsmustensureroadsafetythroughoutthewholeCommunity;HASADOPTEDTHISDIRECTIVE:共362頁(yè)第5頁(yè)1971L0320—中文—2004年5月1日—010.001—3▼B1971年關(guān)于與某些類別汽車及其掛車制動(dòng)裝置有關(guān)的各成員國(guó)的法律協(xié)調(diào)（71/320/EEC）考慮到歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體成立時(shí)的條約，尤其是該條約第100條；考慮到委員會(huì)的提議；考慮到歐洲議會(huì)的意見(jiàn)（1）；考慮到經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)委員會(huì)的意見(jiàn)（2）；鑒于依照本國(guó)法律汽車必須滿足有關(guān)護(hù)輪板的技術(shù)要求；鑒于各成員國(guó)之間上述要求彼此不同；鑒于各成員國(guó)必需在其現(xiàn)有法規(guī)之外另外采用同樣的要求，或者用同樣的要求取代其現(xiàn)有法規(guī)，以便達(dá)到準(zhǔn)許實(shí)施歐共體型式認(rèn)證程序之目的。該型式認(rèn)證程序指的是1970年2月6日《委員會(huì)指令70/156/EEC》（3），關(guān)于各成員國(guó)汽車鑒于協(xié)調(diào)一致后的要求必須保證在整個(gè)共同體范圍內(nèi)的道路安全，歐洲共同體委員會(huì)已經(jīng)采用了本指令：共362頁(yè)第6頁(yè)1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—4▼M7Article11. ForthepurposesofthisDirective,‘vehicle’meansanyvehicleasdefinedinArticle2ofDirective70/156/EEC.VehiclecategoriesaredefinedinAnnexIIAtoDirective70/156/EEC.▼BArticulatedcategoryMvehiclesmadeupoftwonon-separablebutarticulatedunitsshallbeconsideredtobesinglevehicles.?M73.?InthecaseofcategoryNvehicles,theequipmentandfittingsofcertainspecialvehiclesnotintendedforthecarriageofpassengers(suchascranevehicles,workshopvehicles,publicityvehicles)shallbeconsideredtobegoods.(1)OJNoC160,18.12.1969,p.7.(2)OJNoC100,1.8.1969,p.13.(3)OJNoL42,23.2.1970,p.1.▼M4Article2NoMemberStatemayrefusetograntEECtype-approvalornationaltype-approvalofavehicleongroundsrelatingtoitsbrakingdeviceifthatvehicleisfittedwiththedevicesspecifiedin?M7therelevantAnnexes?andifthesedevicessatisfytherequirementssetouttherein.▼A1Article2aNoMemberStatemayrefuseorprohibitthesale,registration,entryintoserviceoruseofavehicleongroundsrelatingtoitsbrakingdevicesifthatvehicleisequippedwiththebrakingdevicesspecifiedin?M7therelevantAnnexes?andifsuchbrakingdevicessatisfytherequirementssetouttherein.共362頁(yè)第7頁(yè)1971L0320—中文—2004年5月1日—010.001—4▼M7第一條1.在本指令中，“車輛”指的是《指令70/156/EEC》第二條中定義的車輛。車輛類別為《指令70/156/EEC》附件IIA中定義的車輛類別。▼B2.由兩臺(tái)鉸接式非可分裝置組成的鉸接式M類車輛應(yīng)視為單臺(tái)車輛。▼M73.對(duì)于N類車輛的情況，非用于載客的某些特種車輛的設(shè)備和飾件（如吊車、車間交通車輛、宣傳車）應(yīng)視為貨物。（1） OJNoC160,1969年12月186日，第7頁(yè)。（2） OJNoC100,1969年8月1日，第13頁(yè)。（3） OJNoL42,1970年2月23日，第1頁(yè)。

▼M4第二條就其制動(dòng)裝置而言，如果某車輛所裝配的是M7相關(guān)附件中指定的制動(dòng)裝置且其裝置符合該附件的規(guī)定，則任何成員國(guó)不得拒絕發(fā)放歐共體型式認(rèn)證或國(guó)家認(rèn)證。▼A1第二a條就其制動(dòng)裝置而言，如果某車輛所裝配的是M7相關(guān)附件中指定的制動(dòng)裝置且其裝置符合該附件的規(guī)定，則任何成員國(guó)不得拒絕或禁止該車輛的銷售、注冊(cè)以及使用的準(zhǔn)入。共362頁(yè)第8頁(yè)1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—5▼BArticle3TheMemberStatewhichhasgrantedtypeapprovalshalltakethenecessarymeasurestoensurethatitisinformedofanymodificationtoacomponentorcharacteristicmentionedinitem1.1ofAnnexI.ThecompetentauthoritiesofthatStateshalldecidewhetherthemodi-fiedprototypeshouldbesubmittedtofreshtestsandwhetherafreshreportshouldbedrawnupthereon.IfsuchtestsrevealfailuretocomplywiththerequirementsofthisDirective,themodificationshallnotbeauthorised.Article4PendingtheentryintoforceofaseparateDirectiveonthedefinitionofan‘urbanbus’,suchvehiclesshallcontinuetobesubmittedtotheTypeIIAtestdescribedinAnnexIIwheretheirmaximumweightexceeds10metrictons.Article5TheamendmentsnecessaryforadjustingtherequirementsoftheAnnexessoastotakeaccountoftechnicalprogressshallbeadoptedinaccordancewiththeprocedurelaiddowninArticle13of?M7CouncilDirective70/156/EEC?onthetypeapprovalofmotorvehiclesandtheirtrailers.Article61. MemberStatesshallputintoforcetheprovisionscontainingtherequirementsneededinordertocomplywiththisDirectivewithineighteenmonthsofitsnotificationandshallforthwithinformtheCommissionthereof.2. Witheffectfrom1October1974,theprovisionsofitemofAnnexIshallalsoapplytovehiclesotherthanthoseincategoryM3orcategoryN3.3. MemberStatesshallensurethatthetextsofthemainprovisionsofnationallawwhichtheyadoptinthefieldcoveredbythisDirectivearecommunicatedtotheCommission共362頁(yè)第9頁(yè)1971L0320—中文—2004年5月1日—010.001—5▼B第三條已發(fā)放型式認(rèn)證的成員國(guó)應(yīng)采取必要措施以確保就附件I第1．1項(xiàng)中所提及的的部件或性能所作的修改得以告知。該國(guó)具有法定資格的權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)決定修改后的樣品是否應(yīng)接受新的測(cè)試并就測(cè)試出具最新報(bào)告。如此類測(cè)試表明所作修改不符合指令要求，則此修改不應(yīng)被授權(quán)。第四條在有關(guān)“城市公交車”定義的單獨(dú)指令尚有待批準(zhǔn)時(shí)，此類車輛應(yīng)繼續(xù)接受附件II中所描述的IIA車型測(cè)試，其中此類車輛的最大重量超過(guò)10公噸。第五條鑒于技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)要求作出修改的修正條款應(yīng)依據(jù)M7委員會(huì)指令70/156/EEC關(guān)于汽車及其掛車的型式認(rèn)證的第十三條加以采用。第六條1. 各成員國(guó)應(yīng)在收到通知后十八個(gè)月內(nèi)實(shí)施包括為符合指令所作要求的規(guī)定并將情況即刻告知委員會(huì)。2. 附件I第的規(guī)定自1974年10月1日即為有效，故此也應(yīng)適用于除M類別或N類別的車輛。3. 各成員國(guó)應(yīng)確保該指令覆蓋范圍內(nèi)的本國(guó)相關(guān)法律主要規(guī)定的原文傳送給委員會(huì)。共362頁(yè)第10頁(yè)1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—6▼BArticle7ThisDirectiveisaddressedtotheMemberStates.▼M7LISTOFANNEXESAnnexI Definitions,constructionandfittingrequirements,appli-cationforECtype-approval,grantingofECtype-approval,modificationsoftypeandamendmentstoapprovals,conformityofproductionAnnexII BrakingtestsandperformanceofbrakingsystemsAppendix: DistributionofbrakingeffortamongvehicleaxlesAnnexIII Methodofmeasuringthereactiontimeforvehicleswithcompressed-airbrakingsystemsAppendix: ExampleofasimulatorAnnexIV EnergyreservoirsandsourcesofenergyA:Compressed-airbrakingsystemsB:VacuumbrakingsystemsC:HydraulicbrakingsystemswithstoredenergyAnnexV Springbrakes共362頁(yè)第11頁(yè)1971L0320—中文—2004年5月1日—010.001—6▼B第七條本指令通過(guò)寄送方式寄至各成員國(guó)。▼M7附件清單附件I 定義、組成及裝配要求、歐共體型式認(rèn)證的申請(qǐng)、歐共體型式認(rèn)證的發(fā)放、車型修改以及認(rèn)證的修改、生產(chǎn)的一致性附件II 制動(dòng)測(cè)試及制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的性能附錄：各車軸間制動(dòng)力的分布附件III 采用壓縮空氣制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的車輛的反應(yīng)時(shí)間的測(cè)量方法。附錄：模擬器示例附件IV 儲(chǔ)能裝置及能量來(lái)源A：壓縮空氣制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)B：真空制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)C：帶儲(chǔ)能的液壓制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)附件V 彈簧制動(dòng)器共362頁(yè)第12頁(yè)1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—7?M7AnnexVI Parkingbrakingbymechanicallockingofthebrakecylinders(lockactuators)AnnexVII CasesinwhichTypeIand/orIIorIIAorTypeIIItestsdonothavetobecarriedoutonavehiclesubmittedfortype-approvalAppendix1: AlternativeproceduresforTypeIandTypeIIItestsfortrailerbrakesAppendix2: ModelreferenceaxletestreportformAnnexVIII Conditionsgoverningthetestingofvehicleswithinertia(overrun)brakingsystemsAppendix1:ExplanatorydiagramsAppendix2: TestreportonthecontroldeviceAppendix3: TestreportonthebrakeAppendix4: Testreportonthecompatibilityofthecontroldevice,thetransmissionandthebrakesAnnexIX Type-approvaldocumentationAppendix1: Type-approvalcertificateAppendix2: TestreportAppendix3: ListofvehicledataforthepurposeofapprovalspursuanttoAnnexXVAnnexX Testconditionsforvehicleswithanti-lockbrakingsystemsAppendix1: SymbolsanddefinitionsAppendix2: UtilisationofadhesionAppendix3: Performance ondiffering adhesionsurfacesAppendix4: Methodofselectionofthelow-adhesionsurfaceAnnexXI TestconditionsfortrailerswithelectricalbrakingsystemsAppendix: CompatibilitydiagramAnnexXII InertiadynamometertestmethodforbrakeliningsAnnexXIII Brakinganddeviationtestforvehicleswithtemporary-usesparewheels/tyresAnnexXIV Alternativeprocedurefortestingtraileranti-lockbrakingsystemsAppendix1: Traileranti-lockbraking systemapprovalreportAppendix2: Symbolsanddefinitions共362頁(yè)第13頁(yè)1971L0320—中文—2004年5月1日—010.001—7?M7附件VI 通過(guò)制動(dòng)器汽缸（鎖定制動(dòng)器）的機(jī)械鎖定而實(shí)現(xiàn)的停車制動(dòng)）附件VII 有待型式認(rèn)證的車輛無(wú)需接受I車型與/或II或IIA或III車型測(cè)試的情況附錄1：掛車制動(dòng)器I車型及II車型測(cè)試的代用程序附錄1： 示意圖附錄2： 控制裝置測(cè)試報(bào)告附錄3： 制動(dòng)器測(cè)試報(bào)告T附錄4： 控制裝置、傳動(dòng)裝置及制動(dòng)器的兼容性的報(bào)告附件IX 型式認(rèn)證文件附錄1： 型式認(rèn)證證書附錄2： 測(cè)試報(bào)告附錄3： 據(jù)附件XV所作認(rèn)證的車輛數(shù)據(jù)清單附件X 帶有防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的車輛的測(cè)試條件附錄1： 符號(hào)與定義附錄2： 附著力利用附錄3： 不同附著面上的性能附錄4： 低粘著表面的選擇方法附件XI 帶有電動(dòng)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的掛車的測(cè)試條件附錄： 可兼容性圖附件XII 制動(dòng)襯片慣性測(cè)力測(cè)試方法附件XIII 帶有暫用性備用輪胎的車輛的制動(dòng)及偏差測(cè)試附件XIV 測(cè)試掛車防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的代用程序附錄1： 掛車防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)證報(bào)告附錄2： 符號(hào)及定義共362頁(yè)第14頁(yè)1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—8?M7AnnexXV Type-approvalofreplacementbrakeliningassembliesasseparatetechnicalunitsAppendix1: ArrangementsoftheapprovalmarkandapprovaldataAppendix2: Requirementsforreplacementbrakeliningassembliesforvehiclesofcate-gories2M,1MandAppendix3: RequirementsforreplacementbrakeliningassembliesforvehiclesofcategoriesOandOAppendix4: DeterminationoffrictionbehaviourbymachinetestingAnnexXVI ECtype-approvalcertificate(separatetechnicalunits)AnnexXVII InformationdocumentforreplacementbrakeliningassembliesAnnexXVIII InformationdocumentformotorvehiclesAnnexXIX InformationdocumentfortrailersANNEXIDefinitions,constructionandfittingrequirements,applicationforECtype-approval,grantingofECtype-approval,modificationsoftypeandamend-mentstoapprovals,conformityofproduction1. DEFINITIONSForthepurposeofthisDirective:1.1. ‘Typeofvehiclewithrespecttothebrakingequipment’meansvehicleswhichdonotdiffersignificantlyinsuchessentialrespectsas:1.1.1. Inthecaseofmotorvehicles. thevehiclecategory,asdefinedinArticle1ofthisDirective. themaximummass,asdefinedinpoint.3. thedistributionofmassamongtheaxles. themaximumdesignspeed. adifferenttypeofbrakingequipmentwithparticularreferencetothepresenceorotherwiseofequipmentforbrakingatrailer. thenumberandarrangementoftheaxles. theenginetype. thenumberandratiosofgears. ratio(s)ofreardriveaxle(s)0. thetyredimensions共362頁(yè)第15頁(yè)1971L0320—中文—2004年5月1日—010.001—8?M7附件XV 作為獨(dú)立技術(shù)裝置的替代性制動(dòng)襯片組件的型式認(rèn)證附錄1： 認(rèn)證標(biāo)記記認(rèn)證數(shù)據(jù)的布局附錄2： M及N類別車型替代性制動(dòng)襯片組件的要求附錄3： O及O類別車型替代性制動(dòng)襯片組件要求-附錄4： 機(jī)測(cè)摩擦行為的確定附件XVI 歐共體型式認(rèn)證書（獨(dú)立技術(shù)裝置）附件XVII 替代性制動(dòng)襯片組件的信息文件附件XVIII 汽車輛的信息文件附件XIX 掛車的信息文件附件I定義、組成及裝配要求、歐共體型式認(rèn)證的申請(qǐng)、歐共體型式認(rèn)證的發(fā)放、車型修改以及認(rèn)證的修改、生產(chǎn)的一致性1. 定義就此指令而言：1.1. ‘與制動(dòng)設(shè)備有關(guān)的車型指的是在以下幾個(gè)基本方面區(qū)別不甚明顯的車輛：1.1.1. 述及汽車輛時(shí). 本指令第一條中所定義的車輛類別. 第1.14點(diǎn)規(guī)定的最大質(zhì)量. 車軸間的質(zhì)量分布. 最大設(shè)計(jì)速度. 不同型號(hào)的制動(dòng)設(shè)備尤其是關(guān)于是否帶有掛車制動(dòng)設(shè)備. 車軸的數(shù)量及分布. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)類型. 齒輪數(shù)量及比率. 后驅(qū)動(dòng)軸的比率0. 輪胎尺寸共362頁(yè)第16頁(yè)1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—9?M71.1.2. Inthecaseoftrailers. thevehiclecategory,asdefinedinArticle1ofthisDirective. themaximummass,asdefinedinpoint.3. thedistributionofmassamongtheaxles. adifferenttypeofbrakingequipment. thenumberandarrangementoftheaxles. thetyredimensions.1.2. ‘Brakingsystem’meansthecombinationofpartswhosefunctionisprogressivelytoreducethespeedofamovingvehicleortobringittoahalt,ortokeepitstationaryifithasalreadyhalted.Thesefunctionsarespecifiedinpoint2.1.2.Theequipmentshallconsistofthebrakecontrol,thetransmissionandthebrakeproper.1.3. ‘Graduatedbraking’meansbrakingduringwhich,withinthenormalrangeofoperationoftheequipment,duringeithertheapplicationorthereleasingofthebrakes,—thedrivercan,atanytime,increaseorreducethebrakingforcethroughactionofthecontrol,—thebrakingforceactsinthesamedirectionastheactiononthecontrol(monotonicfunction),—itshallbeeasilypossibletomakeasufficientlyfineadjust-menttothebrakingforce.1.4. ‘Control’meansthepartactuateddirectlybythedriver(orinthecaseofsometrailers,byanassistant)tosupplytothetransmissiontheenergyrequiredforbrakingorcontrollingit.Thisenergymaybethemuscularenergyofthedriver,orenergyfromanothersourcecontrolledbythedriver,orinappropriatecasesthekineticenergyofatrailer,oracombinationofthesevariouskindsofenergy.1.5. ‘Transmission’meansthecombinationofcomponentssituatedbetweenthecontrolandthebrakeandconnectingthetwooperationally.Thetransmissionmaybemechanical,hydraulic,pneumatic,electrical,ormixed.Wherethebrakingpowerisderivedfromorassistedbyasourceofenergyindependentofthedriverbutcontrolledbyhim,thereserveofenergyinthedeviceshalllikewiseberegardedaspartofthetransmission.共362頁(yè)第17頁(yè)1971L0320—中文—2004年5月1日—010.001—9?M71.1.2. 述及掛車時(shí). 本指令第一條中所定義的車輛類別. 第1.14點(diǎn)規(guī)定的最大質(zhì)量. 車軸間的質(zhì)量分布. 不同型號(hào)的制動(dòng)設(shè)備. 車軸的數(shù)量及分布. 輪胎尺寸1.2. 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)指的是具有使運(yùn)動(dòng)車輛逐漸減速或使其停止，或在車輛已經(jīng)停止時(shí)使其保持靜止功能的部件的總合。關(guān)于這些功能的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明見(jiàn)第2.1.2點(diǎn)。此設(shè)備應(yīng)包括制動(dòng)控制器、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及制動(dòng)器本身。1.3. 階段制動(dòng)‘指的是在此階段中，在設(shè)備正常操作范圍內(nèi)，不管使用或松開(kāi)制動(dòng)器—駕駛員通過(guò)控制器的作用在任何時(shí)候均可增加或減少制動(dòng)力，—制動(dòng)力作用方向與控制器上的作用力方向一致（單調(diào)函數(shù)）—由此制動(dòng)力應(yīng)當(dāng)能得到足夠精細(xì)的調(diào)整1.4. ‘控制l’（輔助）一邊向傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)提供制動(dòng)與控制所需的能量。該能量可以是駕駛員的肌肉力量也可以是駕駛員控制的其他能量，或者在條件允許時(shí)，也可以是掛車的動(dòng)能或者上述幾種能的綜合。1.5. ‘變速器’指的是位于控制器與制動(dòng)器之間并在操作中將此二者連接的部件的總合。變速器可以是機(jī)械式、液壓式、氣動(dòng)式、電動(dòng)式，也可以是幾種方式的綜合。如果制動(dòng)力的能量來(lái)源或輔助的能量來(lái)源與駕駛員無(wú)關(guān)，那么與之相關(guān)的儲(chǔ)能裝置也應(yīng)被視作變速器的一部分。共362頁(yè)第18頁(yè)1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—10?M71.6. ‘Brake’meansthepartinwhichtheforcesopposingthemove-mentofthevehicledevelop.Itmaybeafrictionbrake(whentheforcesaregeneratedbythefrictionbetweentwopartsofthevehiclemovingrelativelytooneanother);anelectricalbrake(whentheforcesaregeneratedbyelectromagneticactionbetweentwopartsofthevehiclemovingrelativelytobutnotincontactwithoneanother);afluidbrake(whentheforcesaregeneratedbytheactionofafluidsituatedbetweentwopartsofthevehiclemovingrelativelytooneanother);oranenginebrake(whentheforcesarederivedfromacontrolledincreaseinthebrakingactionoftheenginetransmittedtothewheels).1.7. ‘Diffenttypesofbrakingequipment’meansequipmentwhichdiffersinsuchessentialrespectsas:1.7.1. componentshavingdifferentcharacteristics1.7.2. acomponentmadeofmaterialshavingdifferentcharacteristicsoracomponentdifferentinshapeorsize1.7.3. adifferentassemblyofthecomponents.1.8. ‘Brakingsystemcomponent’meansoneoftheindividualpartswhich,whenassembled,consti-tutethebrakingequipment.1.9. ‘Continuousbraking’meansthebrakingofcombinationsofvehiclesthroughaninstal-lationhavingthefollowingcharacteristics:1.9.1. asinglecontrolwhichthedriveractuatesprogressively,byasinglemovement,fromhisdrivingseat1.9.2. theenergyusedforbrakingthevehiclesconstitutingthecombina-tionofvehiclesissuppliedfromthesamesource(whichmaybethemuscularenergyofthedriver)1.9.3. thebrakinginstallationensuressimultaneousorsuitablyphasedbrakingofeachoftheconstituentvehiclesofthecombination,whatevertheirrelativepositions.1.10. ‘Semi-continuousbraking’meansthebrakingofcombinationsofvehiclesthroughaninstal-lationhavingthefollowingcharacteristics:1.10.1. asinglecontrolwhichthedrivercanactuateprogressively,byasinglemovement,fromhisdrivingseat1.10.2. theenergyusedforbrakingthevehiclesconstitutingthecombina-tionofvehiclesissuppliedfromtwodifferentsources(oneofwhichmaybethemuscularenergyofthedriver)1.10.3. thebrakinginstallationensuressimultaneousorsuitablyphasedbrakingofeachoftheconstituentvehiclesofthecombination,whatevertheirrelativepositions.共362頁(yè)第19頁(yè)1971L0320—中文—2004年5月1日—010.001—10?M71.6. 制動(dòng)器指的是內(nèi)部可以產(chǎn)生反制車輛運(yùn)動(dòng)的力的部件。制動(dòng)器可以是摩擦式（制動(dòng)力由車輛的兩個(gè)相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的部件產(chǎn)生），也可以是電動(dòng)式（制動(dòng)力由車輛的兩個(gè)相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)但并不接觸的部件之間的電磁作用產(chǎn)生），或者是液體式（制動(dòng)力由車輛的兩個(gè)相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的部件之間的液體作用產(chǎn)生），又抑或是引擎式（制動(dòng)力源自與車輪連接的引擎的制動(dòng)作用力的可控式增長(zhǎng)）1.7. 不同類型的制動(dòng)設(shè)備‘指的是在以下幾個(gè)基本方面互不相同的設(shè)備：1.7.1. 特性互異的部件1.7.2. 由特性互異的材料制成的部件或形狀及尺寸不同的部件1.7.3. 部件的不同組件1.8. 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)部件指的是組合后構(gòu)成制動(dòng)設(shè)備的某一單個(gè)零件。1.9. 連續(xù)制動(dòng)指的是通過(guò)具有以下特性的裝置對(duì)車輛組合的制動(dòng)：1.9.1. 駕駛員在駕駛位置由單一動(dòng)作漸進(jìn)式地實(shí)現(xiàn)單一控制1.9.2. 構(gòu)成車輛組合的車輛制動(dòng)能量由相同的能量來(lái)源提供（可以是駕駛員的肌肉力量）1.10. 半連續(xù)制動(dòng)指的是通過(guò)具有以下特性的裝置對(duì)車輛組合的制動(dòng)：1.10.1. 駕駛員在駕駛位置由單一動(dòng)作漸進(jìn)式地實(shí)現(xiàn)單一控制1.10.2. 構(gòu)成車輛組合的車輛制動(dòng)能量由兩種不同的能量來(lái)源提供（其中之一可以是駕駛員的肌肉力量）1.10.3. 制動(dòng)裝置用于確保共362頁(yè)第20頁(yè)1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—11?M71.11. ‘Automaticbraking’meansbrakingofthetrailerortrailersoccurringautomaticallyintheeventofseparationofcomponentsofthecombinationofcoupledvehicles,includingsuchseparationthroughcouplingbreakage,withouttheeffectivenessoftheremainderofthecombinationbeingaffected.1.12. ‘Inertiaor“overrun”braking’Meansbrakingbyutilisingtheforcesgeneratedbythetrailer'smovinguponthetowingvehicle.1.13. ‘Ladenvehicle’means,exceptwhereotherwisestated,avehicleladentoits1.14. ‘Maximummass’meansthemaximummassstatedbythevehiclemanufacturertobetechnicallypermissible(thismassmaybehigherthanthe‘permissiblemaximummass’).1.14.1. ‘Thedistributionofmassamongtheaxlesmeansthedistributionoftheeffectofthegravityonthemassofthevehicleand/oritscontentsamongtheaxles1.14.2. ‘Wheel/axleload’meanstheverticalstaticreaction(force)oftheroadsurfaceinthecontactareaonthewheel/wheelsoftheaxle1.14.3. ‘Maximumstationarywheel/axleload’Meansthestationarywheel/axleloadachievedundertheconditionoftheladenvehicle.1.15. ‘Hydraulicbrakingsystemwithstoredenergy’meansabrakingsystemwhereenergyissuppliedbyahydraulicfluidunderpressure,storedinoneormoreaccumulatorsfedfromoneormorepressurepumpseachfittedwithameansoflimitingthepressuretoamaximumvalue.Thisvalueshallbespecifiedbythemanufacturer.1.16. ‘CategoryOandOtrailertypes’1.16.‘Semi-trailer’meansatowedvehicleinwhichtheaxle(s)is(are)positionedbehindthecentreofgravityofthevehicle(whenuniformlyloaded)andwhichisequippedwithaconnectingdevicepermit-tinghorizontalandverticalforcestobetransmittedtothetowingvehicle.共362頁(yè)第21頁(yè)1971L0320—中文—2004年5月1日—010.001—11?M71.11. ‘自動(dòng)制動(dòng)’1.12. 慣性或超速制動(dòng)指的是利用掛車對(duì)牽引車的前沖力而實(shí)現(xiàn)的制動(dòng)1.13. 滿載車輛如不另加說(shuō)明，指的是載荷達(dá)到“最大質(zhì)量”的車輛1.14. 最大質(zhì)量指的是由車輛生產(chǎn)制造商規(guī)定的技術(shù)上可允許的最大質(zhì)量（該質(zhì)量可能大于“允許最大質(zhì)量”）1.14.1. 車軸間的質(zhì)量分布指的是車輛和/或其所載物的質(zhì)量的重力作用在車軸間的分布1.14.2. 輪/軸載荷指的是車輪與路面接觸面積內(nèi)，路面對(duì)車輪/軸輪的垂直靜反作用力1.14.3. 最大靜止輪/軸載荷指的是車輛滿載時(shí)的靜止輪/軸載荷1.15. 儲(chǔ)能式液壓制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)指的是內(nèi)部由受壓的液壓液體提供能量，該能量?jī)?chǔ)存于一個(gè)或多個(gè)儲(chǔ)能器中，而該儲(chǔ)能器與可將壓力限定在最大值的一個(gè)或多個(gè)壓力泵相連接。所提及的最大值應(yīng)由制造商規(guī)定。1.16. O類別‘CategoryO3andO4trailertypes’1.16. 半掛車指的是車軸位于車輛重心后面（載荷均勻時(shí)）且裝配有一個(gè)允許水平力及垂直力傳至牽引車的被牽引車輛。共362頁(yè)第22頁(yè)1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—12?M71.16.2. ‘Fulltrailer’meansatowedvehiclehavingatleasttwoaxles,andequippedwithatowingdevicewhichcanmovevertically(inrelationtothetrailer)andcontrolsthedirectionofthefrontaxle(s),butwhichtransmitsnosignificantstaticloadtothetowingvehicle.1.16.3. ‘Centre-axletrailer’meansatowedvehicleequippedwithatowingdevicewhichcannotmovevertically(inrelationtothetrailer),andinwhichtheaxle(s)is(are)positionedclosetothecentreofgravityofthevehicle(whenuniformlyloaded)suchthatonlyasmallstaticverticalload,notexceeding10%ofthatcorrespondingtothemaximummassofthetrailerorloadof1000daN(whicheveristhelesser)istransmittedtothetowingvehicle.1.17. ‘Retarder’(1)meansanadditionalbrakingsystemhavingthecapabilitytoprovideandtomaintainabrakingeffectoveralongperiodoftimewithoutasignificantreductioninperformance.Theterm‘retarder’coversthecompletesystemincludingthecontroldevice.1.17.1. ‘Independentretarder’meansaretarderwhosecontroldeviceisseparatefromthatoftheserviceandotherbrakingsystems1.17.2. ‘Integratedretarder’(2)meansaretarderwhosecontroldeviceisintegratedwiththatoftheservicebrakingsysteminsuchawaythatbothretarderandservicebrakingsystemsareappliedsimultaneouslyorsuitablyphasedbyoperationofthecombinedcontroldevice.(1)UntiluniformprocedureshavebeenagreedtocalculatetheeffectsofretardersontheprovisionsintheAppendixtopointofAnnexII,thisdefinitiondoesnotcovervehiclesfittedwithregenerativebrakingsystems.(2)UntiluniformprocedureshavebeenagreedtocalculatetheeffectsofretardersontheprovisionsintheAppendixtopointofAnnexII,vehiclesequippedwithaninte-gratedretardermustalsobeequippedwithananti-locksystem,actingonatleasttheservicebrakesoftheaxlecontrolledbytheretarder,andontheretarder,andcomplyingwiththerequirementsspecifiedinAnnexX.共362頁(yè)第23頁(yè)1971L0320—中文—2004年5月1日—010.001—12?M71.16.2. 全掛車指的是至少有兩個(gè)車軸且裝配有可垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)（相對(duì)于掛車）并控制前軸方向的牽引車但不向牽引車傳送實(shí)際靜載荷的被牽引車輛。1.16.3. 中軸掛車指的是配有一個(gè)無(wú)法垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)（相對(duì)于掛車）且其車軸緊靠車輛重心，以至于只有一個(gè)不超過(guò)掛車質(zhì)量10%或1000daN（任一更小值）傳至牽引車的少量靜垂直載荷的牽引裝置的被牽引車輛。1.17. 減速器指的是能夠提供并在性能無(wú)明顯下降的情況下長(zhǎng)期保持制動(dòng)效果的常用制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。減速器一詞涵蓋了包括控制裝置在內(nèi)的整個(gè)系統(tǒng)。1.17.1. 獨(dú)立減速器指的是控制裝置與常用制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及其他制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)分離的減速器。1.17.2. 集成減速器指的是控制裝置與常用制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)集成，從而使減速器與常用制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)可同時(shí)作用或通過(guò)操作組合控制裝置將其適當(dāng)分段的減速器。（1）在達(dá)成一致的程序來(lái)計(jì)算附件II第點(diǎn)附錄中的減速器的效果之前，該定義不涵蓋裝配有再生制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的車輛。（2）在達(dá)成一致的程序來(lái)計(jì)算附件II第點(diǎn)附錄中的減速器的效果之前，配有集成減速器的車輛也必須裝配防抱死系統(tǒng)，至少對(duì)減速器控制的車軸的常用制動(dòng)器以及減速器本身起作用，并符合附件X的要求。共362頁(yè)第24頁(yè)1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—13?M71.17.3. ‘Combinedretarder’meansanintegratedretarderwhichinadditionhasacut-outdevice,whichallowsthecombinedcontroltoapplytheservicebrakingsystemalone.1.18. ‘Inter-urbanmotor-coach’meansavehicledesignedandequippedforinter-urbantransport,havingnospacesspecificallyintendedforstandingpassengers,butabletocarryforshortdistancespassengersstandinginthegangway.1.19. ‘Long-distancetouringmotor-coach’meansavehicledesignedandequippedforlong-distancejour-neys,arrangedtoensurethecomfortofitsseatedpassengersandwhichdoesnotcarrystandingpassengers.1.20. ‘Anti-locksystem’SeeAnnexX,point2.1.2. CONSTRUCTIONANDFITTINGREQUIREMENTS2.1. General2.1.1. Brakingequipment. Thebrakingequipmentshallbesodesigned,constructedandfittedastoenablethevehicleinnormaluse,despitethevibrationtowhichitmaybesubjected,tocomplywiththeundermentionedrequirements.. Inparticular,thebrakingequipmentshallbesodesigned,constructedandfittedastobeabletoresistthecorrosionandageingphenomenatowhichitisexposed.. Brakeliningsshallnotcontainasbestos2.1.2. FunctionsofthebrakingequipmentThebrakingequipmentdefinedinpoint1.2shallfulfilthefollowingfunctions:. ServicebrakingsystemTheservicebrakingsystemshallenablethedrivertocontrolthemovementofthevehicleandtohaltitsafely,speedilyandeffec-tively,whateveritsspeedandload,onanyupordowngradient.Itshallbepossibletograduatethisbrakingaction.Thedrivershallbeabletoachievethisbrakingactionfromhisdrivingseatwithoutremovinghishandsfromthesteeringcontrol.共362頁(yè)第25頁(yè)1971L0320—中文—2004年5月1日—010.001—13?M71.17.3. 組合減速器‘Combinedretarder“指的是附帶一個(gè)安全開(kāi)關(guān)的集成減速器，所附安全開(kāi)關(guān)可使組合控制只使用常用制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。1.18. 市際公交車指的是設(shè)計(jì)與裝配均以城市間交通為目的的車輛。這種車輛不專門提供供站立乘客站立的空間，但其過(guò)道也可供短途站客站立。1.19. 長(zhǎng)途旅游公交車指的是設(shè)計(jì)與裝配均以長(zhǎng)途旅行為目的，安排上確保乘客舒適，不搭載站客。1.20. 防抱死系統(tǒng)見(jiàn)附件X第2.1點(diǎn)。2. 組成及裝配要求2.1. 概要2.1.1. 制動(dòng)設(shè)備. 即便受到振動(dòng)，制動(dòng)設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)、構(gòu)造以及裝配也應(yīng)保證車輛的正常使用，以符合以下要求。. 制動(dòng)設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)、構(gòu)造以及裝配尤其應(yīng)該保證其能夠抗腐蝕，抗老化。. 制動(dòng)襯片應(yīng)含有石棉2.1.2. 制動(dòng)設(shè)備的功能第1.2點(diǎn)中描述的制動(dòng)設(shè)備應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)以下功能：. 常用制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)常用制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)保證駕駛員能夠控制車輛的運(yùn)動(dòng)，不管車速與載荷如何，也不管是上坡還是下坡，通過(guò)控制，駕駛員都能安全、快速、有效的實(shí)現(xiàn)駐車。該系統(tǒng)應(yīng)能實(shí)現(xiàn)漸進(jìn)式制動(dòng)。駕駛員應(yīng)當(dāng)在座椅上，手不離開(kāi)方向盤即可實(shí)現(xiàn)制動(dòng)。共362頁(yè)第26頁(yè)1971L0320—EN—01.05.2004—010.001—14?M. SecondarybrakingsystemThesecondarybraking