雅思閱讀：基礎(chǔ)段作業(yè)解析(二)

基礎(chǔ)篇

第一章雅思的詞

作業(yè)要求：

1.利用三大黃金定位詞組合定位

2.劃出定位句

3.找出定位句中所有同義替換

4.嘗試填空！

CIOT3PlTheContext,MeaningandScopeofTourism

Completethesentencesbelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes11-13onyouranswersheet.

11.InGreece,tourismisthemostimportant.

12.ThetravelandtourismindustryinJamaicaisthemajor.

13.Theproblemsassociatedwithmeasuringinternationaltourismareoftenreflected

inthemeasurementof.

Oncetheexclusiveprovinceofthewealthy,travelandtourismhavebecomean

institutionalisedwayoflifeformostofthepopulation.Infact,McIntoshandGoeldner

(1990)suggestthattourismhasbecomethelargestcommodityininternationaltradefor

manynationsand,forasignificantnumberofothercountries,itrankssecondorthird.

Forexample,tourismisthemajorsourceofincomeinBermuda,Greece,Italy,Spain,

SwitzerlandandmostCaribbeancountries.Inaddition,HawkinsandRitchie,quoting

fromdatapublishedbytheAmericanExpressCompany,suggestthatthetraveland

tourismindustryisthenumberonerankedemployerintheBahamas,Brazil,Canada,

France,(theformer)WestGermany,HongKong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,Singapore,the

UnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.However,becauseofproblemsofdefinition,

whichdirectlyaffectstatisticalmeasurement,itisnotpossiblewithanydegreeof

certaintytoprovideprecise,validorreliabledataabouttheextentofworld-wide

tourismparticipationoritseconomicimpact.Inmanycases,similardifficultiesarise

whenattemptsaremadetomeasuredomestictourism.

解析

11.InGreece,tourismisthemostimportantsourceofincome.

定位詞：

吸引眼球詞：Greece

才非他細(xì)節(jié)詞：mostimportant

定位句：

Forexample,tourismisthemajorsourceofincomeinBermuda,Greece,Italy,

Spain,SwitzerlandandmostCaribbeancountries.

同義替換：

mostimportant=major

12.ThetravelandtourismindustryinJamaicaisthemajoremployer.

定位詞：

吸引眼球詞：Jamaica

排他細(xì)節(jié)詞：travelandtourism,major

定位句：

...travelandtourismindustryisthenumberonerankedemployerintheBahamas,

Brazil,Canada,France,(theformer)WestGermany,HongKong,Italy,Jamaica,Japan,

Singapore,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.

同義替換：

major=numberoneranked

13.Theproblemsassociatedwithmeasuringinternationaltourismareoftenreflected

inthemeasurementofdomestictourism.

定位詞：

排他細(xì)節(jié)詞:problems,international,reflectin

定位句：

However,becauseofproblemsofdefinition,whichdirectlyaffectstatistical

measurement,itisnotpossiblewithanydegreeofcertaintytoprovideprecise,validor

reliabledataabouttheextentofworld-widetourismparticipationoritseconomic

impact.Inmanycases,similardifficultiesarisewhenattemptsaremadetomeasure

domestictourism.

同義替換：

problems=difficulties

international二world-wide

often=inmanycases

reflectin二arise

C9T4PlThelifeandworkofMarieCurie

Completethenotesbelow.

ChooseONEWORDfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes7-13onyouranswersheet

MarieCurie'sresearchonradioactivity

?Whenuraniumwasdiscoveredtoberadioactive,MarieCuriefoundthatthe

elementcalled7hadthesameproperty.

?MarieandPierreCurie'sresearchintotheradioactivityofthemineralknownas

8ledtothediscoveryoftwonewelements.

?In1911,MarieCuriereceivedrecognitionforherworkontheelement9.

?MarieandIreneCuriedevelopedX-radiographywhichwasusedasamedical

techniquefor10.

?MarieCuriesawtheimportanceofcollectingradioactivematerialbothfor

researchandforcasesof11.

?TheradioactivematerialstockedinPariscontributedtothediscoveriesinthe

1930softhe12andofwhatwasknownasartificialradioactivity.

?Duringherresearch,MarieCuriewasexposedtoradiationandasaresultshe

sufferedfrom13.

Theirmarriagein1895markedthestartofapartnershipthatwassoontoachieveresults

ofworldsignificance.FollowingHenriBecquereFsdiscoveryin1896ofanew

phenomenon,whichMarielatercalledRadioactivity',MarieCuriedecidedtofindout

iftheradioactivitydiscoveredinuraniumwastobefoundinotherdements.She

discoveredthatthiswastrueforthorium.

Turningherattentiontominerals,shefoundherinterestdrawntopitchblende,amineral

whoseradioactivity,superiortothatofpureuranium,couldbeexplainedonlybythe

presenceintheoreofsmallquantitiesofanunknownsubstanceofveryhighactivity.

PierreCuriejoinedherintheworkthatshehadundertakentoresolvethisproblem,and

thatledtothediscoveryofthenewelements,poloniumandradium.WhilePieiTeCurie

devotedhimselfchieflytothephysicalstudyofthenewradiations,MarieCurie

struggledtoobtainpureradiuminthemetallicstate.Thiswasachievedwiththehelp

ofthechemistAndre-LouisDebieme,oneofPierreCurie'spupils.Basedontheresults

ofthisresearch,MarieCuriereceivedherDoctorateofScience,andin1903Marieand

PierresharedwithBecquereltheNobelPrizeforPhysicsforthediscoveryof

radioactivity.

ThebirthsofMarie*stwodaughters,IreneandEve,in1897and1904failedtointerrupt

herscientificwork.ShewasappointedlecturerinphysicsattheEcoleNormale

SuperieurefbrgirlsinSevres,France(1900),andintroducedamethodofteaching

basedonexperimentaldemonstrations.InDecember1904shewasappointedchief

assistantinthelaboratorydirectedbyPierreCurie.

Thesuddendeathofherhusbandin1906wasabitterblowtoMarieCurie,butwasalso

aturningpointinhercareer:henceforthshewastodevoteallherenergytocompleting

alonethescientificworkthattheyhadundertaken.OnMay13,1906,shewasappointed

totheprofessorshipthathadbeenleftvacantonherhusband'sdeath,becomingthefirst

womantoteachattheSorbonne.In1911shewasawardedtheNobelPrizefbr

Chemistryfortheisolationofapureformofradium.

DuringWorldWarI,MarieCurie,withthehelpofherdaughterIrene,devotedherself

tothedevelopmentoftheuseofX-radiography,includingthemobileunitswhichcame

tobeknownas*LittleCuries1,usedforthetreatmentofwoundedsoldiers.In1918the

RadiumInstitute,whosestaffIrenehadjoined,begantooperateinearnest,andbecame

acentrefbrnuclearphysicsandchemistry.MarieCurie,nowatthehighestpointofher

fameand,from1922,amemberoftheAcademyofMedicine,researchedthechemistry

ofradioactivesubstancesandtheirmedicalapplications.

In1921,accompaniedbyhertwodaughters,MarieCuriemadeatriumphantjourneyto

theUnitedStatestoraisefundsfbrresearchonradium.Womentherepresentedherwith

agramofradiumforhercampaign:MariealsogavelecturesinBelgium,Brazil,Spain

andCzechoslovakiaand,inaddition,hadthesatisfactionofseeingthedevelopmentof

theCurieFoundationinParis,andtheinaugurationin1932inWarsawoftheRadium

Institute,wherehersisterBroniabecamedirector.

OneofMarieCurie'soutstandingachievementswastohaveunderstoodtheneedto

accumulateintenseradioactivesources,notonlytotreatillnessbutalsotomaintainan

abundantsupplyforresearch.TheexistenceinParisattheRadiumInstituteofastock

of1.5gramsofradiummadeadecisivecontributiontothesuccessoftheexperiments

undertakenintheyearsaround1930.Thisworkpreparedthewayforthediscoveryof

theneutronbySirJamesChadwickand,aboveall,forthediscoveryin1934byIrene

andFredericJoliot-Curieofartificialradioactivity.Afewmonthsafterthisdiscovery,

MarieCuriediedasaresultofleukaemiacausedbyexposuretoradiation.Shehad

oftencarriedtesttubescontainingradioactiveisotopesinherpocket,remarkingonthe

prettyblue-greenlighttheygaveoff.

解析

7.Whenuraniumwasdiscoveredtoberadioactive,MarieCuriefoundthattheelement

calledthoriumhadthesameproperty.

定位詞：

排他細(xì)節(jié)詞:uranium,radioactive,same

定位句：

MarieCuriedecidedtofindoutiftheradioactivitydiscoveredinuraniumwastobe

foundinotherdements.Shediscoveredthatthiswastrueforthorium.

同義替換：

same=wastruefor

8.MarieandPierreCurie'sresearchintotheradioactivityofthemineralknownas

pitchblendeledtothediscoveryoftwonewelements.

定位詞：

吸引眼球詞：MarieandPierreCurie

才非他細(xì)節(jié)詞：mineral,twonewelements

定位句：

Turningherattentiontominerals,shefoundherinterestdrawntopitchblende,amineral

whoseradioactivity,superiortothatofpureuranium,couldbeexplainedonlybythe

presenceintheoreofsmallquantitiesofanunknownsubstanceofveryhighactivity.

PierreCuriejoinedherintheworkthatshehadundertakentoresolvethisproblem,and

thatledtothediscoveryofthenewelements,poloniumandradium.

同義替換：

MarieCurieandPierre=PierreCuriejoinedher

two=poloniumandradium

9.In1911,MarieCuriereceivedrecognitionforherworkontheelementradium.

定位詞：

吸引眼球詞：1911

才非他細(xì)節(jié)詞:receivedrecognition

定位句：

In1911shewasawardedtheNobelPrizefbrChemistryfortheisolationofapureform

ofradium.

同義替換：

beawardedtheNobelPrize=receivedrecognition

10.MarieandIreneCuriedevelopedX-radiographywhichwasusedasamedical

techniquefbrsoldiers.

定位詞：

吸引眼球詞：X-radiography

排他細(xì)節(jié)詞：medicaltreatment

定位句：

DuringWorldWarI,MarieCurie,withthehelpofherdaughterIrene,devotedherself

tothedevelopmentoftheuseofX-radiography,includingthemobileunitswhichcame

tobeknownas'LittleCuries1,usedfbrthetreatmentofwoundedsoldiers.

同義替換：

treatment=medicaltechnique

11.MarieCuriesawtheimportanceofcollectingradioactivematerialbothforresearch

andfbrcasesofillness.

定位詞：

排他細(xì)節(jié)詞:importance,collecting,research

邏輯連接詞：both...and...

定位句：

OneofMarieCurie'soutstandingachievementswastohaveunderstoodtheneedto

accumulateintenseradioactivesources,notonlytotreatillnessbutalsotomaintainan

abundantsupplyforresearch.

同義替換：

sawtheimportance=understood

accumulate=collect

notonly...,butalso...=both...and...

12.TheradioactivematerialstockedinPariscontributedtothediscoveriesinthe1930s

oftheneutronandofwhatwasknownasartificialradioactivity.

定位詞：

吸引眼球詞：Paris,1930s

排他細(xì)節(jié)詞：artificial

邏輯連接詞：contributeto,and

定位句：

TheexistenceinParisattheRadiumInstituteofastockof1.5gramsofradiummade

adecisivecontributiontothesuccessoftheexperimentsundertakenintheyearsaround

1930.ThisworkpreparedthewayforthediscoveryoftheneutronbySirJames

Chadwickand,aboveall,forthediscoveryin1934byIreneandFredericJoliot-Curie

ofartificialradioactivity.

同義替換：

preparedthewayfor=contributeto

13.Duringherresearch,MarieCuriewasexposedtoradiationandasaresultshe

sufferedfromleukaemia.

定位詞：

才非他細(xì)節(jié)詞:exposedto,radiation

邏輯連接詞：asaresult

定位句：

Afewmonthsafterthisdiscovery,MarieCuriediedasaresultofleukaemiacausedby

exposuretoradiation.

同義替換:

sufferedfrom=died

C7T1PlLet與GoBats

Questions10-13

Completethesentencesbelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

WriteyouranswersinboxesJ0-J3onyouranswersheet.

10.Longbeforetheinventionofradar,hadresultedinasophisticatedradar-

likesysteminbats.

11.Radarisaninaccuratetermwhenreferringtobatsbecausearenotusedin

theirnavigationsystem.

12.Radarandsonararebasedonsimilar.

13.Theword'echolocation'wasfirstusedbysomeoneworkingasa.

TheSonarandRadarpioneersdidn'tknowitthen,butalltheworldnowknowsthat

bats,orrathernaturalselectionworkingonbats,hadperfectedthesystemtensof

millionsofyearsearlier,andtheir"radar9achievesfeatsofdetectionandnavigationthat

wouldstrikeanengineerdumbwithadmiration.Itistechnicallyincorrecttotalkabout

batcradar\sincetheydonotuseradiowaves.Itissonar.Buttheunderlying

mathematicaltheoriesofradarandsonarareverysimilar,andmuchofourscientific

understandingofthedetailsofwhatbatsaredoinghascomefromapplyingradartheory

tothem.TheAmericanzoologistDonaldGriffin,whowaslargelyresponsibleforthe

discoveryofsonarinbats,coinedtheterm6echolocation9tocoverbothsonarandradar,

whetherusedbyanimalsorbyhumaninstruments.

解析

10.Longbeforetheinventionofradar,naturalselectionhadresultedinasophisticated

radai,-likesysteminbats.

定位詞：

才非他細(xì)節(jié)詞：radar,sophisticated,system

邏輯連接詞:resultin

定位句：

TheSonarandRadarpioneersdidn'tknowitthen,butalltheworldnowknowsthat

bats,orrathernaturalselectionworkingonbats,hadperfectedthesystemtensof

millionsofyearsearlier...

同義替換：

Longbefore=pioneer

perfected=resultedin

11.Radarisaninaccuratetermwhenreferringtobatsbecauseradiowavesarenotused

intheirnavigationsystem.

定位詞：

排他細(xì)節(jié)詞：inaccurateterm,navigation

邏輯連接詞：because

定位句：

...andtheir'radar'achievesfeatsofdetectionandnavigationthatwouldstrikean

engineerdumbwithadmiration.Itistechnicallyincorrecttotalkaboutbat"radar9,since

theydonotuseradiowaves.

同義替換：

incorrect=inaccurate

since=because

talkabout=referto

12.Radarandsonararebasedonsimilarmathematicaltheories.

定位詞：

才非他細(xì)節(jié)詞：radarandsonar

邏輯連接詞：similar

定位句：

Buttheunderlyingmathematicaltheoriesofradarandsonarareverysimilar,...

13.Theword'echolocation'wasfirstusedbysomeoneworkingasazoologist.

定位詞：

吸引眼球詞：'echolocation'

排他細(xì)節(jié)詞：firstused

定位句：

TheAmericanzoologistDonaldGriffin,whowaslargelyresponsibleforthediscovery

ofsonarinbats,coinedtheterm'echolocation'tocoverbothsonarandradar,whether

usedbyanimalsorbyhumaninstruments.

同義替換：

coined=firstused

第二章雅思的句

作業(yè)要求：

利用長難句三步法解析以下長難句

1.TheAmericaneconomicsystemis,organizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,

market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbe

producedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthat

theywantmost.

重點詞匯：

market-oriented:市場為導(dǎo)向

...-oriented:以…為導(dǎo)向customer-oriented顧客為導(dǎo)向

...-centered:以…為中心student-centered學(xué)生為中心

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞：is,determine,shallbeproduced,want

連詞：inwhich,what,that

主干：TheAmericaneconomicsystemismarket-orientedeconomy

inwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句，what引導(dǎo)賓語從句

that弓］導(dǎo)定語從句修飾goodsandservices

譯文：

美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)是以基本的私有企業(yè)和市場導(dǎo)向經(jīng)濟(jì)為架構(gòu)的，在這種經(jīng)濟(jì)中，消費

者很大程度上通過在市場上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務(wù)付費來決定什么應(yīng)

該被制造出來。

2.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,

coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividuals

tomaximizetheirincomes,whichtogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhow

resourcesareusedtoproduceit.

重點詞匯：

maximize：取…最大值；對…極為重視minimize最小化

maximum最大值minimum最小值

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞：is,determine,shallbeproduced,areused

連彳司：which,what,how,

主干：itisthedemandofindividualconsumerscoupledwith...,whichdetermine...

賓從：whatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.

譯文：

因此，在美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中，個體消費者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤的欲望

和個人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相結(jié)合，一起決定了什么應(yīng)該被制造，以及資

源如何被用來制造它們。

3.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,

thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllower

thepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.

重點詞匯：

commodity:n.商品，貨物；日用品

commodityprice商品價格commodityeconomy商品經(jīng)濟(jì)

結(jié)構(gòu)分析:

動詞:resultsin,willtend,willlower,permit

連詞：if,which,and

主干：if條件》失語從句(producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost),

thiswilltendtoincreasethesupply,which非限定從

分割結(jié)構(gòu)：If,ontheotherhand,producingmore...

譯文：

另一方面，如果大量制造某種商品導(dǎo)致其成本下降，那么這就有可能增加賣方和

制造商能提供的供給，而這也就會反過來降低價格并允許更多的消費者購買產(chǎn)

品O

4.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlythe

ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherightto

determinethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivate

individual.

重點詞匯：

property:n.財產(chǎn)；所有權(quán)；性質(zhì)，性能

privateproperty私有財產(chǎn)intellectualproperty知識產(chǎn)權(quán)

thechemicalpropertiesofasubstance一種物質(zhì)的化學(xué)特性

embrace:擁抱，包含

結(jié)構(gòu)分析:

動詞：embraces

連詞：無

主干：theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductive

resourcesbutalsocertainrights,including...therighttoAortoB

譯文：

在美國經(jīng)濟(jì)中，私有財產(chǎn)的概念不僅包含對生產(chǎn)資源的所有權(quán)，也指其他一些特

定的權(quán)利，如確定一個產(chǎn)品價格和與另一個私人個體（經(jīng)濟(jì)單位）自由簽定合同的

權(quán)利。

5.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhich

employersarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobe

madeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersfbrpromotional

campaigns.

重點詞匯：

personnel:adj.人員的；有關(guān)人事的n.人事部門；全體人員

staffingn.安置職工staff:職員

promotional促進(jìn)的，增進(jìn)的

salespromotion/promotionalcampaign促銷活動

promotion:促進(jìn)，提升，促銷

Iwantajobwithgoodprospectsforpromotion.我想要一份有良好晉升機會的工作。

accordingly:因此，相應(yīng)的accordingto=inaccordancewith木艮據(jù)

Ifyouchangethebehaviorofthecode,changethedocumentationaccordingly.

如果您改變了代碼的行為，就要相應(yīng)地改變文檔。

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞：record,are,are,identify

連詞：which,which,and

主干：thesecomputersrecordwhich賓從,allowing...Andtheyidentifypreferred

customers.

譯文：

同時這些計算機記錄下哪些時間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相

應(yīng)地做出人員人事安排。而且它們（計算機）也能為促銷活動找到那些擁有優(yōu)先權(quán)

的顧客。

6.Numerousothercommercialenteiprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,from

gasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicesto

consumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.

重點詞匯：

utility:n.實用；效用；公共設(shè)施；功用

adj.實用的；通用的；有多種用途的

utilitybill物業(yè)賬單，水電費賬單

publicutility公共事業(yè)單位

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞：bring

連詞：無

主干:

Numerousothercommercialenterprisesbringbetterandmoreefficientservicesto

consumers.

譯文

不計其數(shù)的其他商業(yè)企業(yè)，從劇院到雜志出版商，從公用燃?xì)怆娏υO(shè)施到牛奶處

理廠，都通過計算機的使用給消費者帶來更好、更有效率的服務(wù)。

7.Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute--agroupofjudges,lawyers,and

academicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight-issuednewguidelinesfor

tortlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombard

themwithalengthylistofpossibleones.

重點詞匯：

issue:n.dealwith/tackleanissue處理/解決問題

Thegovernmentmustdealwiththeissueofguncrime.

政府必須解決槍械犯罪的問題。

n.出版物Haveyouseenthelatestissue?你看過最新的那一期嗎？

v.分發(fā)TheUSStateDepartmentissuesmillionsofpassportseachyear.

每年美國國務(wù)院都簽發(fā)數(shù)百萬份護(hù)照。

tort:侵權(quán)行為tortlaw侵權(quán)行為法，民事傷害法令

bombard:轟炸，炮擊bombardsb.w汕sth.：大量不斷提出

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞：carry,issued,neednotwarn,bombard

連詞：whose,that,or

主干：

theAmericanLawInstituteissuednewguidelinesfbrtortlawstatingthat賓從...

譯文

與此同時，美國法律研究所-由一群法官、律師和理論專家組成，他們的建議分

量極重-發(fā)布了新的民事傷害法令指導(dǎo)方針，宣稱公司不必提醒顧客注意顯而

易見的危險，也不必連篇累牘地一再提請他們注意一些可能會出現(xiàn)的危險。

8.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepast

threedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheir

specialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

重點詞匯：

exceptional:adj.異常的，例外的

exceptionalchildren:特殊兒童，殘疾兒童

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞：indicates,deserve

連詞:that

主干：Thegreatinterestindicatesthestrongfeelingthat同位語從句

譯文：

在過去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對殘疾兒童的巨大關(guān)注表明了我們社會中

的一種中強烈的情緒，那就是所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應(yīng)享有充分

發(fā)展其能力的機會。

9.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,thereby

establishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportat

competitiveprices.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞：serves

連詞：無

主干：Itservestoassistadistributionofgoods,thereby...

譯文：

它（廣告）能夠直接幫助貨物以比較合理的價格被迅速分銷出去，因此可以（使公司）

建立一個堅固的國內(nèi)市場，同時也使以具有競爭力的價格提供出口變得可能。

10.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovernthetermsof

advertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothe

promiseofhisadvertisements.

重點詞匯：

Parliament:議會，國會

BritishParliamentconsistsofthehouseofcommonsandthehouseoflords.

英國議會包括上議院和下議院。

liveupto:不辜負(fù)

liveuptothepromise=keepthepromise

Saleshavenotliveduptoexpectationsthisyear,銷售額今年還沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期目標(biāo)。

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動3司：govern,darepromote,fails

連詞：that,that

主干：Apartfromthefactthat同位語從句，noregularadvertiserdarepromotea

productthat定語從句

譯文：

除去議會有27件法案來規(guī)范廣告的用語，沒有任何一個正式的廣告商敢于推銷

一種商品卻不能兌現(xiàn)其在廣告中的承諾。

11.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthe

substancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceof

unpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinued.

重點詞匯：

withdrawal:n.撤回，收回

large-scaletroopwithdrawal大規(guī)模撤軍

withdrawalofgovernmentaid政府援助的取消

n.取款

Customerscanusethemachinetomakewithdrawalsofupto￡250aday.

客戶每天最多可以用取款機提取250英鎊。

symptom:syn=with,together,atthesametime

Eg.synonym同義彳司syndrome綜合癥

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動力司：ismarked,isdiscontinued

連詞：when

主干:Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,andthenbythe

appearance...when時月失

省略結(jié)構(gòu)：andthenismarkedbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptoms

譯文：

對藥品的依賴性首先表現(xiàn)為不斷增長的耐藥量，要產(chǎn)生想得到的效果所需要的藥

品劑量越來越大，然后表現(xiàn)為當(dāng)停止用藥后，令人不快的停藥癥狀的出現(xiàn)。

12.Theworkerswhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeigner

wholearnsanewlanguage-alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurable

resultstoshowfortheirefforts.

重點詞匯：

measurable:可衡量的；重要的,顯著地

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞:gets,improve,learns,are,have

連詞：who,whose,who,who

主干：Theworkerswho定從，thestudentwhose定從,theforeignerwho定從,all

theseareexamplesofpeoplewho定從.

譯文：

得到了升遷的工人們，成績進(jìn)步的學(xué)生，學(xué)會了一門新語言的外國人-這些都是

那些用可衡量的結(jié)果來顯示其努力的人們的例證。

13.TheAswanDam,forexample,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthe

fertilesiltthatfloodsleft—allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowso

fullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.

重點詞匯:

deprive:錄！］奪deprivesb.ofsth.

Alotofthesechildrenhavebeendeprivedofanormalhomelife.

這些孩子中有許多被剝奪了正常的家庭生活。

fertile:adj.富饒的，肥沃的；能生育的fertilesoil/ground肥沃的土地

afertileimagination/mind/brain豐富的想象力/有創(chuàng)造性的頭腦

fertilize:v.使受精，使肥沃

n.fertilizer化肥

silt:n.淤泥

reservoir：n.水庫，蓄水池

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞:stopped,deprived,left,is,generates

連詞：but,that,which,that

主干：TheAswanDamstoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesilt

that定從一allinreturnfbragiantreservoirofdiseasewhich定從(so...that)

分割結(jié)構(gòu)：forexample,翻譯時放到句首，寫作時可以嘗試這樣用，更加突出主

語，起強調(diào)作用

譯文：

例如，阿斯旺大壩使得尼羅河不再洪水泛濫，但是它也奪去了埃及以前所享有的

洪水留下的肥沃淤泥―這些換宋的就是這么個疾病滋生的水庫，現(xiàn)在這個水庫積

滿了淤泥，幾乎不能發(fā)電了。

14.Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthe

taskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemis

complicated,time-consuming,andsometimesevenoverwhelming.

重點詞匯：

time-consuming:費時的time-saving省時的

overwhelming:adj.壓倒性的；勢不可擋的

Thereisoverwhelmingevidencethatsmokingdamagesyourhealth.

有難以辯駁的證據(jù)表明吸煙有損健康。

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞:has,is

連詞：and

主干：Theindividualhasmoreinformationthananygeneration,andthetaskis

complicated,time-consuming,andsometimesevenoverwhelming.

譯文：

現(xiàn)在每個人能夠得到的信息比任何時代的人都多，而找到與他/她的特定問題相

關(guān)的那一點信息的任務(wù)不僅復(fù)雜、耗時，有時甚至令人難以招架。

15.Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsin

disputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotravel

toadistantconferencesite.

重點詞匯：

expertise：n.專門知識；專門技術(shù)；專家的意見

technical/financial/medicalexpertise

expert：n.專家，行家

adj.熟練的；內(nèi)行的；老練的

Hecasthisexperteyeonthegardener'swork.他用內(nèi)行的眼光看了看園丁干的活。

dispute:n.辯論爭吵

beinvolvedinadispute卷入糾紛

bebeyonddispute無可爭辯，確定無疑

beopentodispute可商榷，有爭議

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞：canbeshared,canbesettled

連詞：and

主干：Expertisecanbeshared,andproblemscanbesettled.

without獨立主格

譯文：

通過遠(yuǎn)程會議，專家知識可以在全世界范圍內(nèi)被分享，而爭論的問題能夠得到解

決，同時相關(guān)人員也不必離開他們的家庭或工作跑到一個遙遠(yuǎn)的開會地點。

16.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainst

theclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveA-typesseeminsomeway

betterthantheirBtypefellows.

重點詞匯：

two-layer雙層二doublelayer

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞：produces,seem

連詞:inwhich

主干：Thecurrentpassionproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhich非限定從

譯文：

現(xiàn)在這種讓孩子們和其同學(xué)或時間競爭的熱情導(dǎo)致了一個雙層結(jié)構(gòu)，在這個結(jié)構(gòu)

里面善于競爭的A類好像在某個方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。

17.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,

yourexperience,andotherqualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour"wares”

andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.

重點詞匯：

ware：n.陶器，器皿；制品；器具；貨物

software軟件

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞：isdeciding,willpay,mustbedisplayed

連詞：whether,and

省略：因為時間狀語從句與主句主語相同，所以省略主謂

whileyourcould-beemployeristalkingtoyou,...

主干：while--?+,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhether賓從,andyour"wares"

andabilitiesmustbedisplayed...

譯文：

在跟你談話的時候，可能成為你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、經(jīng)驗和其

他資格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的“商品，貨”和能力一定要以一種有條不紊

而且合情合理的相互關(guān)聯(lián)的方式被展示出來。

18.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapubliclyfundedbroadcastingorganization,at

leastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogramsarenowthesubjectofa

nationwidedebateinBritain.

重點詞匯：

corporation:n.大型公司，集團(tuán)企業(yè)subsidiarycorporation子公司

broadcasting:n.廣播broad廣casting投擲

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

動詞:willsurvive,are

連詞：but

主干：TheCorporationwillsurviveas...,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogramsarenow

thesubject...

分割結(jié)構(gòu)：atleastforthetimebeing

譯文：

英國廣播公司將作為一個公共基金支持的廣播組織存在下來，至少目前會這樣，

但是它的角色、它的規(guī)模和它的節(jié)目現(xiàn)在在英國成了全國上下的討論話題。

19.ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinion

oftheBBC-includingordinarylistenersandviewertosaywhatwasgoodorbadabout

theCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.

重點詞匯：

Launch：vt.發(fā)射（導(dǎo)彈、火箭等）；發(fā)起，發(fā)動；使…下水

Theorganizationhaslaunchedacampaigntoraise150,000.

為了籌集15萬美元，該組織發(fā)起了一場募捐活動。

vi.開始；下水；起