2021-2022學(xué)年湖北省京山市、安陸市等百校聯(lián)考高三（上）月考英語試卷（10月份）（附答案詳解）

2021-2022學(xué)年湖北省京山市、安陸市等百校聯(lián)考高三（上）

月考英語試卷（10月份）

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）

A

SwimmingHolesinAmericaInAmerica,thesesecretswimmingholesarehiddenandhardto

reachbutwellworththeadventure.

CumminsFalls

LookingforthebestplacetoescapethesummerheatintheheartlandofAmerica?Formore

than100years,CumminsFalls,ascenic,75-footwaterfalllocatedinJacksonCounty,TN,has

beenatreasurefbrTennesseenatives.Butnow,thesecretisoutJAlthoughit'sabittoughtoget

to,onceinthepark,themountainsandriverprovideunmatchedbeautyonyourwaytotakinga

swiminTennessee*seighth-largestwaterfall.

SlidingRock

ApopularplacetocooloffduringthosehotNorthCarolinasummers,SlidingRockwaterfallis

locatedinthePisgahNationalForestinTransylvaniaCounty.Aflattenedrockabout60feetlies

inanearly7-foot-deeppoolatthebottom,makingthisnaturalwaterslideagreatplacetovisit

withpeopleofallages.

MooneyFalls

ItisthetallestwaterfeatureintheGrandCanyon,rising190feetabovethesurface.Namedafter

anexplorerinthe1800s,MooneyFallsisaccessibleonlybycrawling（爬）through2

undergroundpassagesandthenclimbingdownasheercliff（峭壁）facewithjustacoupleof

chainstoholdonto.Althoughitistoughtogetto,theviewandthecoolalonemakeitworththe

trip.

LihueEstate

AprivateswimmingholeattheoldLihueSugarFarmonKauai,HI,waschangedintoan

inner-tubewaterridebyKauaiBackcountryAdventuresin2003andopenedtoadults.The

watersforthis2.5-milejourney,whichcomefromnearthetopofMountWaialeale—oneofthe

wettestspotsintheworld-arechanneledthroughditches（溝渠）thatwerehand-dugbyfarm

workersoveracenturyago.

1.Whichholemaybethefavourabledestinationforfamilies?

A.LihueEstate.B.SlidingRock.

C.MooneyFalls.D.CumminsFalls.

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutMooneyFallsfromthetext?

A.Itwasfoundbyanexplorer.

B.Itwashand-duginthe1800s.

C.Itisdangeroustoairivethere.

D.Itisthetallestfallintheworld.

3.WhatisspecialaboutLihueEstate?

A.Itisman-made.

B.Itisaprivatearea.

C.Itswaterisfromunderground.

D.ItliesonthetopofMountWaialeale.

B

Haveyoueverthrownacamel?Camelsarelargeandheavyanimals,soitwouldbehardto

throw.ButintheFrench-speakingDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,"tothrowacamel"isa

wayofsaying"tomakeaspellingmistake".

Inthepast,aphraselikethatwasnotacceptedbytheFrenchgovernmentasanofficialFrench

term.Butrecently,theFrenchMinistryofCultureworkedonanewkindofdictionarythat

acceptstheideathatmanypeopleoutsideofFrancespeakthelanguage.Thelanguagehas

changedovertimeandisdifferentinplaceslikeIvoryCoastinWestAfricaorQuebecin

Canada,comparedtohowitisinParis.

Anewonlinedictionary,calledtheFrenchspeakers'dictionary,includesnewFrenchwords

fromaroundtheworld.ltwasreleasedonMarch18—justintimeforInternationalFrench

Speaker'sDayonMarch20.

SupporterssaythenewInternetdictionaryismoredemocraticthanearlierFrenchdictionaries

thatonlyshowedthewayhighlyeducatedFrenchpeoplespoke.Thenewdictionaryincludes

unofficialwordslike"pourriel"，whichmeansanunwantedemailifyouareinCanada.ltisa

wordbasedon"courriel",whichjustmeansanemail.

FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronproposedtheideaofthedictionaryin2018.Itnow

containsabout600.000terms,RoselyneBachelotistheFrenchCultureMinister.Shesaidthe

dictionaryisnotjustforFrance's67millioncitizens,butforthe300millionFrenchspeakers

worldwide.

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Theaim,supporterssay,istorecognizethewaylanguagechanges.Wordsandexpressions

includedinthedictionarycomefromover50countries-evenfromtheUnitedStatesSome

peopleinthesouthernU.S.stateofLouisianaspeakFrench.

Peoplecanseethedictionaryonawebsiteorwithanapp.Userscanalsosendinnewwords

theythinkshouldbeincluded.OfficialdictionariesproducedbytheFrenchAcademyinParis

werefirstpublishedhundredsofyearsagoandareregularlyupdated.

4.Whatdowemeanifwesayaman"throwsacamel"inFrench?

A.Hetalksbig.B.Heisverystrong.

C.Hemakesajoke.D.Hemisspellsaword.

5.Whatisthepurposeofthepublicationdateofthenewonlinedictionary?

A.Tocelebrateanevent.B.Tohonorforeignusers.

C.Todrawmoreattention.D.Tomeetanurgentneed.

6.Wheredoestheword"pourriel”comefrom?

A.French.B.Anemail.C.Aholiday.D.Canada.

7.Whatcanpeopledowiththenewdictionary?

A.Updateitregularly.

B.Recommendnewwordstoit.

C.Changethemeaningofitswords.

D.Regarditasanofficialdictionary.

c

Scientistssaybabysharksareatriskofbeingbornsmallerandwithouttheenergytheyneedto

survivebecauseofwarmingoceansfromclimatechange.

Scientistsstudiedepaulettesharks,whichliveoffAustraliaandNewGuinea.Theyfoundthat

warmerconditionsspedupthesharks*growingprocess.Thatmeantthesharkswerebornearlier

andverytired.Thefindingscouldbeusedinthestudyofothersharks,includingthosethatgive

birthtoliveyoung.

Thescientistsstudied27sharks.Somewereraisedinaveragesummerwater

temperatures,about27degreesCelsius.Otherswereraisedinhighertemperaturesaround29

degreesCelsiusand31degreesCelsius.Theyfoundthatthesharksraisedinthewarmest

temperaturesweighedmuchlessthanthoseraisedinaveragetemperatures.Theyalsoshowed

reducedenergylevels.

Epaulettesharkscangrowtoalengthofaboutonemeter.Theirnamecomesfromlargespotson

theirbodiesthatlooklikedecorationsonsomemilitaryclothing.

OnestudythisyearfoundthatworldwidenumbersofOceaniasharksandraysdroppedmore

than70percentbetween1970and2018.Overfishingisamainconcern,whileclimatechange

andpollutionalsothreatenshark.

CarolynWheelerisadoctoralstudentattheUniversityofMassachusettsBostonandwiththe

ARCCentreofExcellenceforCoralReefStudiesatJamesCookUniversityinAustralia.She

wastheleadauthoroftheepaulettesharkstudy.Shesaidthatwhileallthesharkssurvived,those

raisedinwarmertemperatureswerenotstrongenoughtosurviveforlonginthewild.

Sheaddedthatifthesharksarebomsmallerthanusual"theyareprobablygoingtohavetostart

lookingforfoodsooner-andthey'regoingtohavelesstimetoadjusttotheirsurroundings.1'

Thestudyshouldserveasawarningtooceangoverningagenciesthatcarefulmanagementis

neededtopreventthelossofmoresharks.

8.Inwhataspectdothewarmerconditionsaffectthebabysharks?

A.Theirfood.B.Theirbodyweight.

C.Theirlivinghabits.D.Theirmovingroute.

9.Howdidthescientistscarryouttheirstudy?

A.Bystudyingformerdata.

B.Bytrackingsharksinthewild.

C.Bycollectinginformationaboutclimatechange.

D.Bycomparingsharksinwatersofdifferenttemperatures.

10.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytalkabout?

A.Theoriginofsharks'names.

B.Thesharks*appearance.

C.Thethreatstosharks*survival.

D.Thesharks'livingenvironment.

11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ScientistsRaiseSharkstoDealwithProblems

B.GlobalWarmingHasReducedSharkPopulations

C.BabySharksStruggletoSurviveinWarmingOceans

D.ScientistsAreStrugglingtoSaveSharksfromExtinction

D

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Thermoelectricgenerators（熱力發(fā)電機(jī)）turnwasteheatintoelectricitywithoutproducing

greenhousegasemissions,likeafreelunch.Butthehighcostofthesedeviceshasprevented

theirwidespreaduse.Now,researchershavefoundawaytomakecheapthermoelectricsthat

workjustaswell.Theworkcouldpavethewayforgreenercarengines,andother

energy-generatingdevices.

"Thislookslikeaverysmartwaytorealizehighperformance,"saysLi-DongZhao,amaterials

scientist.Henotestherearestillafewmorestepsbeforethesematerialscanbecome

high-performing.However,hesays,"Thiswillbeusedinthenottoofarfuture.'*

Thermoelectricsaresemiconductordevicesplacedonahotsurface.Thatgivesthemahotside

andacoolside.Ifadeviceallowsthehotsidetowarmupthecoolside,theelectricitystops

flowing.Adevice'ssuccessatpreventingthis,aswellasitsabilitytoconductelectrons,feeds

intoascoreknownasthefigureofmerit（優(yōu)值系數(shù)），orZT.

ResearchershaveproducedthermoelectricmaterialswithincreasingZTs.Therecordcamein

2014whenMercouriKanatzidiscameupwithatinselenide（硒化物）withaZTof3.1.Yetthe

materialwastoofragiletoworkwith."Forpracticalapplications,it'sanon-star-ter,"Kanatzidis

says.

Gettingthroughthatdoorwillstilltakesometime.Thetinselenidetheteammakesismixed

withNa,creatinga"p-type"materialthatconductspositivecharges.Tomakeworking

devices,researchersalsoneedanHn-typenversiontoconductnegativecharges.

Zhao'steamisnowworkingonmakingann-typeversion.Oncesuccessful,researchersshould

haveaclearpathtomakinganewgenerationofsuper-efficientthermoelectric

generators.Thosecouldbeinstalledeverywherefromautomobileexhaustpipestowater

heatersandindustrialsmelterstoscavengesomeofthe65%offossilfuelenergythatwindsup

aswasteheat.

12.Thefirstparagraphwantstotellus.

A.Thewideuseofthermoelectricgenerators

B.Thedevicesofcurrentthermoelectricgenerators

C.Thereasonwhyresearchersmakecheapthermoelectrics

D.Thegreenercarenginesthatcontributetoenvironmentalprotection

13.HowdoesLi-DongZhaofeelaboutcheapthermoelectricgenerators?

A.Indifferent.B.Optimistic.C.Critical.D.Worried.

14.Whatdoyouknowabouttheresearchin2014fromparagraph4and5?

A.Itwasfarfromasuccessforpracticalapplications.

B.AtinselenidewithaZTof3.1canbeeasytoworkwith.

C.Researchersmadean''n-type**versiontomakeworkingdevices.

D.A"p-type"materialmadefromthetinselenideconductsnegativecharges.

15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"scavenge”inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Recycle.B.Produce.C.Clean.D.Increase.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共12.5分)

SignsYouMightBeDehydrated(脫水的)Dehydrationisabigprobleminthesummer

months.Unfortunately,knowingwhenyoubegintodehydrateisn'talwayseasy.So,assummer

heatsup,hereareafewsecretsignsthatyouneedtodrinkassoonaspossible.

Yourbreathsmellsoryourmouthisdry.Thereisapotentialrelationshipthatlinksdehydration

andlessthan-pleasantbreath.Whenyou'redehydrated,youdon'tproduceasmuchsalivaC唾液).

(1)Soifyounoticeyourbreathisalittlesmelly,itcouldbearedflagthatyouneedtodrinka

glassortwoofH2O.

(2)Dehydrationcanactuallytemporarilyshrinkbraintissue,andthatshrinkagemaycause

pain.Suchpainisareallycommonsignofslighttomiddledehydration,anditcanbeeither

tolerableorserious.

Yourpee(尿液)isdark.Onewayhealthprofessionalsdiagnosedehydrationisbytestinga

patienfspeetoseeififstooconcentrated.Butitcanalsohelptodoaneasycheckat

home.Simplylookatthecolorofyourpee.Ifit'spaleyellow,you'rehydrated.Ifit'sadarker

yellow,ifstimeforaglassofwater.(3)

You'rehungry.Thirstandhungersignsalwayscometogether.(4)Soifyoufindthatyou're

feelinghungrysoonaftereating,ifsworthconsideringwhethertherealreasonisthirst.

(5)Stavinghydratedisareallykeypartofmaintainingenergythroughouttheday.Notgetting

enoughwatertosupportthebodytodotheirfunctionscanmakeyoufeellikeyou're

dragging.Plus,hydrationcanhaveadirecteffectonsleepquality.

A.YouYetired.

B.Youhaveaheadache.

C.Youfeellikeyouhaveasummer"flu".

D.Whilethisisn'taguarantee,itcouldbeasign.

E.Theyarebothproducedinthesameregionofyourbrain.

第6頁，共22頁

F.Theliquidhelpsbreakdownfoodandbringsitfromyourmouth.

G.Ingeneral,themoreyoudrink,thecleareryourliquidwasteshouldbe.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共15.0分)

Sevenyearsearlier,!stoodatthegoldengateofretirement.AsI(21)whatIwoulddonext,!

recalledavolunteerrolecalled"babycuddler"intheNICUatoneofthelocalhospitals.Ihad

long(22)tobeonebutjustneverhadthetime.Ihadalwayslovedthe(23)environment,bothin

workandvolunteersettings.WantingtobeanursewhenIwasyoungerbutneverrealizingthe

dreamonlyhelpedfuelmy(24).

Asabrand-newvolunteer,!startedoutalittleonthe(25)side,anditshowed.Myfirstday(26),

Iforgotwherethesinkswereforhandwashing-andIwalkedrightpastthem.IfababyIheld

cried,!wouldjustrockfaster.I(27)everynurseryrhymeIcouldremember,andthe

babies(28)mebycryinglouder.

Ithoughtbarktomyearliestbaby-holdingdayswhenIwasonlysixyearsoldand(29)myfirst

littlenephew.Iwasexcitedtobetrusted.Byagetwenty,!hadnineniecesandnephews.Pvehad

alotof(30)inholdingbabies.Anditseemedto(31).Thebabymightsensemy

confidence,quickly(32)andfellasleep.

Gonearemynerve-filled,(33)daysasanewvolunteer.Iamnowfrequentlyaskedtohaveanew

volunteershadowmeasIwork.IamhappytoshareallIhavelearned.!openlysharemy(34),

hopingthemnottodowhatIdid.AndIalsosharethejoys,tellingthemthisistheperfect

volunteerjobforme.I(35)lovevolunteeringhere!

21.A.realizedB.wonderedC.concludedD.doubted

22.A.hatedB.demandedC.desiredD.feared

23.A.educationB.growthC.healthcareD.production

24.A.ambitionB.kindnessC.prideD.enthusiasm

25.A.curiousB.romanticC.nervousD.patient

26.A.ondutyB.atpresentC.inhospitalD.online

27.A.wroteB.sangC.recordedD.taught

28.A.remindedB.rewardedC.supportedD.urged

29.A.heldB.raisedC.protectedD.trained

30.A.serviceB.dataC.experienceD.belief

31.A.failB.beginC.happenD.work

32.A.gaveupB.turnedaroundC.keptonD.settleddown

33.A.comfortableB.forgetfulC.relaxingD.peaceful

34.A.shortcomingsB.adventuresC.intentionsD.expectations

35.A.initiallyB.randomlyC.constantlyD.absolutely

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

36.MichaelCollins,theApollo11commandmodule(艙)pilotandfirstastronaut(1)

(travel)thefarsideofthemoonalone,hasdiedofcancerattheageof90.

"Todaythenationlostatruepioneerandlifelongadvocatefor(2)(explore)in

astronautics/'NASAAdministratorSteveJurczyksaidinastatementpublishedon

Wednesday.HAsthepilotoftheApollo11commandmodule一somecalledhim'the

loneliestmaninhisstory1-whilehis(3)(colleague)walkedonthemoonfor

thefirsttime,hehelpedournationachieveadefinitemilestone.',

Onthatfamousmission,Collinsworkedaloneinthecommandmodule“Columbia”for

21.5hours,during(4)themodulefloatedbehindthemoon,Spreviously

reported.Inthelastmomentsbeforehetemporarilylostcontact(5)Mission

ControlCentre,hewrote,"Iamalonenow,trulyalone,andabsolutelyisolatedfromany

knownlife.Iamit.Ifacountweretaken,thescorewouldbe3billiononearthplustwoover

ontheothersideofthemoon,andonewhoknowswhat'sonthisside.'*Hence,Collins(6)

(earn)thenickname"loneliestmaninhistory1'.He'salsobeencalledthe''forgotten

astronaut',sincehewasontheApollo11mission(7)neverwalkedonthemoon

asNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrindidthatday,NPRreported.

RegardingCollins'passing,hisfamilysaid,"Hespenthisfinaldays(8)(peaceful),

withhisfamilybyhisside,"accordingtotheNASAstatement.HPleasejoin(9)

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(we)infondlyandjoyfullyrememberinghissharpintelligence,hisquietsenseof

purpose,andhiswiseinsight,gainedbothfromlookingbackatEarthfromthebestposition

ofspaceand(10)(stare)acrosscalmwatersfromthedeckofhisfishingboat,"

theywrote.

五、書面表達(dá)(本大題共2小題，共40.0分)

37.假定你是李華,你的美國網(wǎng)友Peter對"中國成人禮(Chinesecoming-of-ageceremony)

”很感興趣。請用英語給他寫一封信，以中國傳統(tǒng)的“冠笄之禮”為例向他做一個(gè)簡

要介紹，內(nèi)容包括：

1.在18歲，中國男孩要行“冠禮GuanLi"，女孩行“笄禮JiLi”；

2."冠笄之禮"上，青少年要宣誓愛國家，愛人民，愛家人；

3.通過儀式，青少年感悟中國傳統(tǒng)文化，提升個(gè)人精神素養(yǎng)。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearPeter,

Ithinkthecomingofagedependsentirelyonwherechildrenliveandwhatculturethey

growupin_.

LookingforwardtoyourletteraboutthecomingofageoftheUnitedStates.

Yours,

LiHua

38.閱讀下面材料.，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Igrewupinalargefamilyoftwelvesiblings(兄弟姐妹).Weweren'tpoorbymost

standards,butthingsweredefinitelytightforus.Myparentsneversharedtheirfinancial

worries.Instead,theychosetoletushaveacarefreechildhood.Butdespitetheir

consideration,!knew,aschildrenoftendo,thatthereweretimestheywentwithoutandthat

certainthingsmyfriendshadwouldn'tbeavailabletome.

Backinthosedays,hotlunchwasaluxuryforthewealthierkids,andhot-lunchbuyerssat

separatelyfromthestudentswhobroughtcoldlunch.MysiblingsandIbroughtlunch

fromhomeeveryday：thickslicesofhomemadebreadhidingonescantsliceof

bologna,threeoatmealcookies,andasmallapple.Wewouldlookonlonginglyastherich

kidsproudlysatdownwiththeirsteamingplatesoffriedchickenorfishsticksandpotato

puffs,cartonsofcoldmilk,chilledpeachesandasliceofcake.

Ineversaidanything,butmyfirstgradeteacher,Mrs.Caruso,musthaveseenthedesirein

myeyes.Onedayshequietlypressedanoteintomyhandandwhispered,"Givethisto

yourmother.1'

Iskippedhomeandgavemymomthenote.Shereaditandsmiled."Well,Mrs.Carusosaid

becauseofallyourhardwork,shewantstobuyyourlunchtomorrow."Thenextday,I

proudlyearnedmytrayofchickenfricasseeacrossthecafeteriaandtookmyseatatthe

hot-lunchtable.Honestly,thefoodwasn'tasgreatasIhadimagined,butIwaspleasedtobe

thereandfelthonoredtobeapartofthegroup.

Onerainyday,Mrs.Carusoaskedmetostayafterschool.Mystomachinstantlydroppedto

thefloor.Surely,!mustbeintroubie!DidsheknowIhadn'tfinishedmymathsheet?Did

sheseemeteasingBillyontheplayground?

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Aftertheotherstudentshadleft,Mrs,Carusosaidshewasgoingtofinishherworkand

thendrivemehome..

Idon'tknowwhyMrs.Carusohelpedmyfamily..

第10頁，共22頁

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小題1】B【小題2】C【小題3】A

【解析】（1）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Aflattenedrockabout60feetliesinanearly

7-foot-deeppoolatthebottom,makingthisnaturalwaterslideagreatplacetovisitwithpeople

ofallages（底部有一個(gè)近7英尺深的水池，里面有一塊大約60英尺高的扁平巖石，這

使得這個(gè)天然的滑水道成為各個(gè)年齡段的人游玩的好地方）"可知，SlidingRock適合各

個(gè)年齡段的人游玩。一個(gè)家庭中可能有不同年齡段的人，所以SlidingRock比較適合家

庭。故選B。

（2）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Namedafteranexplorerinthe1800s,MooneyFallsis

accessibleonlybycrawling（爬）through2undergroundpassagesandthenclimbingdowna

sheercliff（峭壁）facewithjustacoupleofchainstoholdonto.,?,itistoughtogetto（穆

尼瀑布以19世紀(jì)一位探險(xiǎn)家的名字命名，要進(jìn)入穆尼瀑布，只能爬過2個(gè)地下通道，

然后沿著陡峭的懸崖面爬下去，只能抓住幾根鐵鏈。很難到達(dá)那里）“可知，到達(dá)穆尼

瀑布很難，要沿著陡峭的懸崖面爬下去，只有幾根鐵鏈可以抓。由此推之，到達(dá)那里是

存在一定危險(xiǎn)的。故選C。

（3）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"AprivateswimmingholeattheoldLihueSugar

FarmonKauai.HI,waschangedintoaninner-tubewaterridebyKauaiBackcountry

Adventuresin2003andopenedtoadults.Thewatersforthis2.5-milejourney,whichcome

fromnearthetopofMountWaialeale—oneofthewettestspotsintheworld-arechanneled

throughditches（溝渠）thatwerehand-dugbyfarmworkersoveracenluryago（2003年，

在夏威夷考艾島的老利休糖廠，一個(gè)私人游泳池被考艾島野外探險(xiǎn)公司改成了一個(gè)內(nèi)管

式水上游樂設(shè)施，并對成年人開放。在這段2.5英里的旅程中，水來自世界上最潮濕的

地方之一懷亞利爾山的山頂附近，通過一個(gè)多世紀(jì)前農(nóng)場工人手工挖掘的溝渠引水）”

可知，LihueEstate是經(jīng)過人工建造而成的，不是自然形成的。而其他三個(gè)地方均為提

及這一點(diǎn)。故這是LihueEstate特別的地方。故選A。

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國的四個(gè)秘密游泳洞。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯

關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對文章

未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作

者觀點(diǎn)。

4.【答案】

【小題1】D【小題2】A【小題3】D【小題4】B

【解析】(1)D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段ButintheFrench-speakingDemocraticRepublic

oftheCongo,"tothrowacamel"isawayofsaying"tomakeaspellingmistake",但在講法語

的剛果民主共和國，“扔駱駝"的意思是"犯拼寫錯(cuò)誤”?？芍绻覀冇梅ㄕZ說一個(gè)人”

扔駱駝”意思是他拼錯(cuò)了一個(gè)單詞。故選D。

(2)A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Anewonlinedictionary,calledtheFrenchspeakers'

dictionary,includesnewFrenchwordsfromaroundtheworld.ltwasreleasedonMarch

18—justintimeforInternationalFrenchSpeaker'sDayonMarch20.—■個(gè)新的在線詞典叫做

講法語者詞典，收錄了來自世界各地的新法語單詞。它于3月18日發(fā)布，正好趕上3

月20日的國際法語演講者日?？芍略诰€詞典出版日期的目的是慶祝一個(gè)事件。故

選A,

(3)D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Thenewdictionaryincludesunofficialwordslike"pourriel",

whichmeansanunwantedemailifyouareinCanada.新詞典收錄了一些非官方詞匯，比如

"pourriel",在加拿大意思是收到不想要的電子郵件。可知，"pourriel”來自加拿大。故選

Do

(4)B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Peoplecanseethedictionaryonawebsiteorwithan

app.Userscanalsosendinnewwordstheythinkshouldbeincluded.人們可以在網(wǎng)站上或應(yīng)

用程序上看到該詞典。用戶還可以輸入他們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該收錄的新詞?？芍藗兛梢越o新

字典推薦新單詞。故選B。

本文是一篇社會(huì)文化類閱讀，主要講述的是一個(gè)新的在線詞典叫做講法語者詞典，收錄

了來自世界各地的新法語單詞。文章介紹了這一詞典的特點(diǎn)以及想法的起源。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找

出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。

8.【答案】

第12頁，共22頁

【小題1】B【小題2】D【小題3】C【小題4】C

【解析】(1)B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一Scientistssaybabysharksareatriskofbeingborn

smallerandwithouttheenergytheyneedtosurvivebecauseofwarmingoceansfromclimate

change.科學(xué)家們表示，由于氣候變化導(dǎo)致海洋變暖，小鯊魚在出生時(shí)可能會(huì)變得更小，

而且沒有生存所需的能量。可知，溫暖的環(huán)境影響了小鯊魚的體重。故選B。

(2)D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Thescientistsstudied27sharks.Somewereraisedinaverage

summerwatertemperatures,about27degreesCelsius.Otherswereraisedinhigher

temperaturesaround29degreesCelsiusand31degreesCelsius.Theyfoundthatthesharks

raisedinthewarmesttemperaturesweighedmuchlessthanthoseraisedinaverage

temperatures.Theyalsoshowedreducedenergylevels.科學(xué)家們研究了27種鯊魚。一些地

區(qū)夏季平均水溫升高，約為27攝氏度。還有一些是在29攝氏度和31攝氏度的高溫下

被撫養(yǎng)的。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在最高溫度下生長的鯊魚比在平均溫度下生長的鯊魚體重要輕得

多。他們的能量水平也降低了?？芍?，科學(xué)家們通過比較不同溫度水域中的鯊魚來進(jìn)行

他們的研究。故選D。

(3)C.段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段Onestudythisyearfoundthatworldwidenumbersof

oceaniesharksandraysdroppedmorethan70percentbetween1970and2018.Overfishingisa

mainconcern,whileclimatechangeandpollutionalsothreatenshark.今年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，

從1970年到2018年，大洋鯊和鮑魚的全球數(shù)量下降了70%以上。過度捕撈是一個(gè)主要

問題，而氣候變化和污染也威脅著鯊魚。可知，第五段主要講的是鯊魚生存的威脅。故

選Co

(4)C.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段Scientistssaybabysharksareatriskofbeingbornsmaller

andwithouttheenergytheyneedtosurvivebecauseofwarmingoceansfromclimatechange.

科學(xué)家們表示，由于氣候變化導(dǎo)致海洋變暖，小鯊魚在出生時(shí)可能會(huì)變得更小，而且沒

有生存所需的能量；以及最后一段Sheaddedthatifthesharksarebornsmallerthanusual

"theyareprobablygoingtohavetostartlookingforfoodsooner-andthey'regoingtohave

lesstimetoadjusttotheirsun*oundings."Thestudyshouldserveasawarningtoocean

governingagenciesthatcarefulmanagementisneededtopreventthelossofmoresharks.她補(bǔ)

充說，如果鯊魚出生時(shí)比平時(shí)小，”它們可能不得不更快地開始尋找食物，而它們適應(yīng)

周圍環(huán)境的時(shí)間也會(huì)更少?！边@項(xiàng)研究應(yīng)該作為對海洋管理機(jī)構(gòu)的一個(gè)警告，需要謹(jǐn)慎

的管理，以防止更多的鯊魚的損失。文章主要說明了鯊魚幼崽受到全球氣候變化的影響，

在出生時(shí)可能會(huì)變得更小，導(dǎo)致它們不夠強(qiáng)壯，無法在野外長時(shí)間生存。文章介紹了研

究開展的過程，說明了鯊魚生存的威脅等情況。可知，C選項(xiàng)”小鯊魚在變暖的海洋中

掙扎著生存”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。

本文是一篇社會(huì)文化類閱讀，主要說明了鯊魚幼崽受到全球氣候變化的影響，在出生時(shí)

可能會(huì)變得更小，導(dǎo)致它們不夠強(qiáng)壯，無法在野外長時(shí)間生存。文章介紹了研究開展的

過程，說明了鯊魚生存的威脅等情況。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找

出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。

12.【答案】

【小題1】C【小題2】B【小題3】A【小題4]A

【解析】（1）C.主旨大意題。由第一段"Thermoelecricgenerators（熱力發(fā)電機(jī)）turm

wasteheatintoelectricitywithoutproducinggreenhousegasemissions,likeafreelunch.But

thehighcostofthesedeviceshaspreventedtheirwidespreaduse.Now,rsearchershavefounda

waytomakecheapthermoelectricsthatworkjustaswell.Theworkcouldpavethewayfor

greenercarengines,andotherenergy-generatingdevices.（熱力發(fā)電機(jī)將廢熱轉(zhuǎn)化為電能

而不會(huì)產(chǎn)生溫室氣體排放，就像免費(fèi)午餐-樣。但這些設(shè)備的高成本阻礙了它們的廣泛

應(yīng)用。現(xiàn)在，研究人員已經(jīng)找到了一種制造廉價(jià)熱電材料的方法，這種熱電材料也同樣

有效。這項(xiàng)工作可以為更環(huán)保的汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和其他能源發(fā)電設(shè)備鋪平道路。）"可知，

熱力發(fā)電機(jī)設(shè)備的高成本阻礙了它們的廣泛應(yīng)用，所以才會(huì)有制造廉價(jià)熱電材料的出現(xiàn),

可得出第一段主要講研究人員制造廉價(jià)熱電材料的原因。故選C項(xiàng)。

（2）B.推理判斷題。由第二段"'Thislookslikeaverysmartwaytorealizehighperformance,,

saysLi-DongZhao,amaterialsscientist.Henotestherearestillafewmorestepsbeforethese

materialscanbecomehigh-performing.However,hesays,'Thiswillbeusedinthenottoofar

future」”（材料科學(xué)家李東釗說：”這看起來是實(shí)現(xiàn)高性能的一種非常聰明的方法。"他指

出，在這些材料成為高性能材料之前，還有幾個(gè)步驟。然而，他說，"這將在不久的將

來使用?！埃?”可知，