高中英語(yǔ)閱讀之推理判斷題的解題技巧

PAGEPAGE4高考閱讀理解專題：推理判斷題的解題技巧推斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時(shí)，考生要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。近年的高考題中常出現(xiàn)以下五種推理判斷題:一.推斷隱含意義或深層意義1.這類題干中通常含有l(wèi)earn(),infer(),suggest(),imply(),conclude（）,indicate()等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：1)．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________．2).Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________．3)．Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat______．4)．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．5)．Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat________2.解題技巧①針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)推斷:在原文中找到相關(guān)的信息源對(duì)具體內(nèi)容分析--推理判斷得出結(jié)論實(shí)例1：Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled“thedeathwatchbeetle."1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle________.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.②針對(duì)主題思想:以主題為核心分析邏輯關(guān)系得出結(jié)論實(shí)例2：IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowestwhilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn’thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers.B.ChildrenshouldbeforbiddentowatchTV.C.TVsetsshouldn'tbeallowedinchildren'sbedrooms.D.Furtherstudiesonhigh-achievingstudentsshouldbedone.二、推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度

1.題干中通常含有attitude,view,opinion,,intheauthor’sopinion/mind等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)。提問(wèn)方式:1)．Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against______．2)．Theauthormayprobablyagreewith/support________．3)．What'stheauthor'sopinionabout...?4)．Intheauthor'sopinion...?2.解題技巧注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。如overestimate(高估),luckily,unexpectedly,pity,certain等。表達(dá)作者態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的形容詞常有：objective（），subjective（)，neutral（）；positive（）negative（）approval（），disapproval（），ironic（）indifferent（），critical（），cautious（）optimistic（），pessimistic（）等。3.實(shí)例3：Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行賄)，anddeath.Frankly，I’msickofallthebadnews.1.Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform三.推斷文段作用或作者寫(xiě)作意圖1.提問(wèn)方式:1)．Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto________．2)．Thepassageismeantto________．3)．Theauthor'spurposeistoshow________．4)．Thepurposeofthearticleisto________．2.解題技巧①不同的文段在全文中可能會(huì)起到：引言/介紹（introduction），舉例(example)，對(duì)比(comparison)，反襯（contrast）,結(jié)論（conclusion）,評(píng)論（comment）,背景（background）,論證（demonstration）等作用。②作者的寫(xiě)作目的通常有娛樂(lè)讀者、說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)和告知讀者某些信息三種。解答此類題時(shí)主要有兩種方法：1．主旨推斷法：寫(xiě)作目的是闡述作者為何要表達(dá)某個(gè)中心主題，因此可根據(jù)主旨推斷作者的寫(xiě)作目的。2．文體推斷法：根據(jù)文體的特點(diǎn)和用途來(lái)推斷作者的寫(xiě)作目的。如記敘文，特別是個(gè)人的有趣經(jīng)歷或幽默故事類的文章，其目的是娛樂(lè)讀者；夾敘夾議的文章，其目的是讓讀者得到某種啟示或教育；廣告和議論文的目的是說(shuō)服讀者接受某種產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)或接受某種觀點(diǎn)；科普說(shuō)明文或新聞報(bào)告，其目的是告知讀者某些信息。3.實(shí)例4：“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.

1B.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopic

C.showJamieTaylor’simportance

D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem6.Coldweathercanbehardonpets，justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheirpetsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter(住所)astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime，thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout，stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou'recoldenoughtogoinside，theyprobablyaretoo.Ifyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime，makesuretheyhaveawarm，solidshelteragainstthewind，thickbedding，andplentyofnonfrozenwater.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tosolveaproblem. B．Togivepracticaladvice.C．Totellaninterestingstory. D．Topresentaresearchresult.7.Itisnotjustunkindbutalsodangeroustosayafour-hourlyfeedingschedulewillmakeababysatisfied.ThefirstoftheexpertstoadvocateastrictclockwatchingschedulewasDr.FredericTrubyKingwhowasagainstfeedinginthenight.I'veneverheardanythingsoridiculous.Babyfeedingshouldn'tfollowatimetablesetbythemum.Whatisimportantisfeedingababyinthebestway，thoughitmaycausesomeinconvenienceinthefirstfewweeks.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutDr.FredericTrubyKing?A．Heisstrict. B．Heisunkind.C．Hehasthewrongidea. D．Hesetsatimetableformothers.8.Thepositionwasofferedatthelastminute，andIwasgiventwoweekstoprepare，aperiodIspentsearchingforbriefcase(公文包)andstandingbeforemyfull-lengthmirror，repeatingthewords，“Hello，class.I'mMr.Davis.”SometimesIwouldgivemyselfanaggressivevoice.SometimesIwouldsoundexperienced.Butwhenthedayeventuallycame，mynerveskickedinandthetrueMr.Daviswasthere.Isoundednotlikeathoughtf