商務英語專業(yè)四級考試術(shù)語解釋

商務英語專業(yè)四級考試術(shù)語解釋1.globalcompany:跨國公司--acompanythatintegratesitsinternationalbizactivities--Amultinationalcorporationormultinationalenterpriseisanorganization,thatownedorcontrolsproductionsofgoodsorservicesinoneormorecountriesotherthanthehomecountry.（維基百科）2.jointventure:合資企業(yè)--apartnershipthatisformedbytwoormorepartiescooperatinginsomespecialbizactivities.--abusinessorprojectinwhichtwoormorecompaniesorindividualshaveinvested,withtheintentionofworkingtogether.（柯林斯詞典）3.merger&acquisition:并購--combiningoftwoormoreentitiesthroughthedirectacquisitionbythenetassetsoftheother.--transactionsinwhichtheownershipof\o"Company"companies,other\o"Businessorganization"businessorganizationsortheiroperatingunitsaretransferredorcombined.4.distributionchannel:分銷渠道；銷售渠道--alltheorganizationsandpeopleinvolvedinthephysicalmovementofgoodsandservicesfromproducertoconsumer.5.listedcompany:上市公司--acompanywhoseshareshavebeenquotedbytheStockExchange.--Apubliccompany,publiclytradedcompany,publiclyheldcompany,publiclylistedcompany,orpubliccorporationisa\o"Corporation"corporationwhoseownershipisdispersedamongthegeneralpublicinmanysharesof\o"Stock"stockwhicharefreelytradedona\o"Stockexchange"stockexchangeorin\o"Over-the-counter(finance)"overthecountermarkets場外交易市場.（維基百科）6.Industrialcomplex:工業(yè)生產(chǎn)基地--amanufacturingareathatconsistsofmanydifferentfactoriesturningoutdifferentproducts.7.brandrecognition:品牌認知（度）；品牌識別--aproductorproductsthathasorhavebeenrecognizedandappreciatedbylocalconsumers.8.specialtyshop:專賣店--anoutletthatdealsinorsellsaparticularlineofproducts.9.householdname家喻戶曉的名字--abrand,person,company,etc.thatisknowntoallorverypopularinaplace.10.loss-maker:虧損企業(yè)--abizthatcontinuallymakesnoprofit.11.homecountry:祖國，母國--thecountryonwhichamultinationalcorporation’sHQsisbased.12.quota:配額，定額，限額--arestrictiononthequantityofimportsofaparticularproductthatacountryimpose.13.marketeconomy:市場經(jīng)濟--aneconomyinwhichthemarketisusedtodetermineresourceallocation,prices,andinvestments.14.neweconomy:新經(jīng)濟--adifferentformofeconomythatismainlysupportedbyITsectorandcharacterizedbyknowledge-basedeconomyinsteadofmanufacturing.--aneconomicsystemthatisbasedoncomputersandmoderntechnology,andisthereforedependentoneducatedworkers.（朗文詞典）15.laborforce:勞動力--allofthepeopleinacountryorinaregionthatareemployedorarelikelytobeemployedinthefuture.16.bubbleeconomy:--aneconomythatprimarilydependsonbanking,financialmarketandothertransient短暫的operation.17.venturecapital:風險資本--fundsthatareinvestedinnewplantsorhi-techstartupsopentolargeriskofloss.--Venturecapitaliscapitalthatisinvestedinprojectsthathaveahighriskoffailure,butthatwillbringlargeprofitsiftheyaresuccessful.（柯林斯詞典）18.bizcycle:商業(yè)周期--Aperiodoftimethatabizgoesthroughconsistsoffourstages---boom繁榮,recession衰退,depression蕭條,recovery復蘇.19.stockmarket:股票交易；證券市場，股票市場--astockexchangethatdealsinstocksandshares.--thebusinessofbuyingandsellingstocksandshares.--aplacewherestocksandsharesareboughtandsold.（朗文詞典）20.productlifecycle:產(chǎn)品生命周期--atheorystatingthatcertainkindsofproductsgothroughacycleconsistingoffourcorporateworth.現(xiàn)金流出量：在特定的一段時間內(nèi)來自一項或數(shù)項財產(chǎn)，扣除稅收和其它支付金額外所得的現(xiàn)金收入或凈收入，常用來衡量公司的價值#bor-intensive勞動密集型--requiringorhavingalargeexpenditureoflaborincomparisontocapital52.netearnings凈收益，凈盈利--thenetprofitafterallcostsandexpenseshavebeendeducted.53.productivity生產(chǎn)力--therateatwhichgoodsorservicesareproduced,especiallyoutputperunitoflabor.54.marketshare市場份額--theproportionoftotalsalesvolumesofacertainmarketthatacompanycaptures.55.workforce勞動力,工人總數(shù):thegroupofpeoplewhoworkinanindustry,company,country.56.incomedisparity:inequalityinincomedistribution.57.equity資產(chǎn)，股本:commonstock普通股andpreferredstock優(yōu)先股whichrepresentownershiptoabizorganization58.outsource外協(xié)生產(chǎn):tofarmout包出(work,forexample)toanoutsideproviderormanufacturerinordertocutcost.外界供應：為縮減開支而把（如工作）包給外界的供應者或生產(chǎn)者59.leadtime訂貨至交貨的時間--theperiodoftimebetweentheactualorderingofpartsorequipmentandthedeliveryofthem.60.acquisition收購--whenacompanytakesoveranotheroneandclearlybecomesthenewowner,thepurchaseiscalledanacquisition,alsocalledtakeoverorbuyout.61.initialpublicoffering(IPO)首次公開發(fā)行--privatecompany’sfirstofferofitsstocktothepublic62.merger合并--theunionorcombinationoftwoormorecommercialinterestsorcorporations.63.liquiditysqueeze流動性短缺，頭寸緊張--financialpressurecausedbyshortagesofnarrowingeconomicmargins.--areductioninthegeneralavailabilityofloans(orcredit)orasuddentighteningoftheconditionsrequiredtoobtainaloanfromthebanks.（維基百科）64.reversemerger(借殼上市)--itisaspecialkindofacquisitionthatenablesaprivatecompanytogetpublicly-listedinarelativelyshorttimeperiod.Areversemergeroccurswhenaprivatecompanythathasstrongprospectsandiseagertoraisefinancingbuysapublicly-listedshellcompany(空殼公司)。65.horizontalmerger橫向合并--twocompaniesthatareindirectcompetitioninthesameproductslineandmarketsmerger.verticalmerger縱向合并--mergingwithacompanywithdifferentstageofproductionprocess,forinstance,acarmakermergingwithapartssupplier.66.realestate不動產(chǎn)，房地產(chǎn)--Land,i