沖刺2024年高考英語真題重組卷03

沖刺2024年高考英語真題重組卷（北京專用）真題重組卷03注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號和座位號填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型(A)填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項的答案信息點涂黑;如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔：考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。本試卷共19頁，共100分。考試時長90分鐘。第一部分知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。（2021·北京·高考真題）Recently，Itookatriphomebytrain．Igotaseatoppositeamiddleagedmanwithsharpeyes，whokept1ayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap．Thewoman'seyefellontheman'sface，andsheimmediatelylookeddownand2herscarf．Asthenightworeon，peoplebegantoclosetheireyes，buttheseatsweresounfortablethatonlyaveryheavysleepercouldmanagetogetany3．Thewomanlookedoverattheman．Hewasstillstaringather．Shelookedbackathimwithfireinhereyes．Iwasbeginningtoget4，too．Thetrainmovedon．Thelittleboywas5awakeonhismother'slap，butthewomandroppedofftosleep．Amomentlater，hebeganto6thehalfopenwindow—onelegwentoverit．Themanjumpedupand7thechildjustbeforehefellout．The8wokeupthewoman．Sheseemedtobein9，andthenrealitydawned（顯現(xiàn)）．“Yourchildhasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow，”themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher.．“SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime．”Thewomanwas10，andsowasI．1．A．guiding B．bothering C．watching D．monitoring2．A．a(chǎn)djusted B．changed C．packed D．waved3．A．a(chǎn)ir B．joy C．space D．rest4．A．nervous B．embarrassed C．a(chǎn)ngry D．disappointed5．A．a(chǎn)lmost B．still C．hardly D．even6．A．drag B．climb C．knock D．push7．A．grabbed B．rocked C．touched D．picked8．A．a(chǎn)larm B．quarrel C．risk D．noise9．A．sorrow B．relief C．panic D．pain10．A．a(chǎn)stonished B．confused C．concerned D．inspired【答案】1．C2．A3．D4．C5．B6．B7．A8．D9．C10．A【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了火車上一位男子救下了爬上窗戶的頑皮孩子的善舉，最初孩子的母親因為男子總是盯著他們，對男子的第一印象不好，而最后得知原因十分驚訝。故事告訴我們很多事情不能只看表面。1．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我坐在一位中年男子對面的座位上，他目光敏銳，一直在注視著一位坐在靠窗座位上的年輕女子，她的腿上坐著一個小男孩。A.guiding帶領(lǐng)；B.bothering打擾；C.watching看著；D.monitoring監(jiān)控。根據(jù)上文“withsharpeyes”（有著敏銳的目光）以及下文第二段“Hewasstillstaringather．”（他仍然盯著她看。）可知，中年男子一直在看著女子，故選C。2．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：女人的目光落在了男人的臉上，她立刻低下頭，整理了一下圍巾。A.adjusted調(diào)整；B.changed改變；C.packed包裝；D.waved揮動，根據(jù)空格處and前的動詞低下頭和空格后的圍巾，可知女人因為感到尷尬而低頭故意整理圍巾，故選A。3．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：夜?jié)u漸深了，人們開始閉上眼睛，但座位太不舒服了，只有睡得很沉的人才能設(shè)法休息。A.air空氣；B.joy娛樂；C.space空間；D.rest休息。根據(jù)空格前點明時間是夜晚了和后面睡得很沉的人，可知是為了獲得一些休息。故選D。4．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我也開始生氣了。A.nervous緊張的；B.embarrassed尷尬的；C.angry生氣的；D.disappointed失望的。根據(jù)withfireinhereyes以及空格后too，可知“我”和女人的情緒是一樣憤怒生氣的，故選C。5．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：小男孩躺在媽媽的腿上還醒著，但是媽媽已經(jīng)睡著了。A.almost幾乎；B.still仍然；C.hardly幾乎不；D.even甚至。根據(jù)butthewomandroppedofftosleep，可知母親已經(jīng)睡著，男孩是醒著的，推斷出來是仍然醒著的。故選B。6．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：過了一會兒，他開始爬上半開著的窗戶——一條腿跨過了窗戶。A.drag拖拉；B.climb爬上；C.knock敲打；D.push推動。根據(jù)空格后onelegwentoverit，可知小孩是在爬窗戶，腳才邁了出去，故選B。7．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：就在孩子掉下去之前，那人跳起來抓住了他。A.grabbed抓著；B.rocked搖晃；C.touched接觸；D.picked挑選。根據(jù)beforehefellout可知，男人跳起來是為了阻止孩子掉下去，所以要抓住他，故選A。8．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：噪音把那個女人吵醒了。A.alarm鬧鐘；B.quarrel吵架；C.risk風(fēng)險；D.noise噪音。根據(jù)上文Themanjumpedupandgrabbedthechildjustbeforehefellout可知，男人和孩子一定是弄出了很大的動靜和聲音，故選D。9．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她似乎在恐慌，然后明白過來。A.sorrow悲傷；B.relief減輕；C.panic恐慌；

D.pain痛苦。根據(jù)上文可知，女人一醒來看到男人抓著自己的孩子，女人對男人的印象不好，因此作為母親一定是很恐慌的，故選C。10．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：女人很驚訝，我也很驚訝。A.astonished驚訝；B.confused困惑的；C.concerned關(guān)心的；D.inspired受到鼓舞的。根據(jù)空格前的對話“Yourchildhasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow，”themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher..“SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime.”(“你的孩子一直在找機(jī)會爬出窗戶，”男人說著把孩子還給了她。“所以我一直在看?！?,可知女人對男人的印象不好，但是男人卻救了他們的孩子，所以最后女人是感到意外和驚訝的，故選A。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A（2021·北京·高考真題）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空．在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Whydowedream？Scientistsaren'tpletelysure,andtheyhavediverse11(idea)．Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything12happenedduringtheday，tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asit13(connect)things，yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream．【答案】11．ideas12．that13．connects【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章解釋了我們?yōu)槭裁磿鰤舻脑颉?1．考查可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)。句意：科學(xué)家們還不能完全確定，他們有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多種多樣的”，形容詞作定語，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；idea想法，可數(shù)名詞。故填ideas。12．考查定語從句。句意：當(dāng)你睡覺時，你的大腦會整理白天發(fā)生的一切，試圖將新經(jīng)歷與舊記憶聯(lián)系起來。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用連接詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是不定代詞everything，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，所以此處需用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填that。13．考查時態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)它連接事物時，你的大腦將它們變成一個故事，然后你就得到了一個夢。由主句謂語動詞turns可知，空處從句的謂語動詞需用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)it，所以空處謂語動詞需用單數(shù)。故填connects。B（2020·北京·高考真題）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood14(play)abigroleinhislife."Mymumwasagreatcook,andshe'dsometimesletmehaveatry,"hesaid.ThefirstdishOliverpreparedforhisfamilywasfriedchickenwings.Hemadeitwithhismum'shelp.Oliversaysifyou're15(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthem16youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.【答案】14．plays/hasplayed/isplaying/hasbeenplaying15．lucky16．if/whether【分析】本文是記敘文，主要介紹了美食節(jié)目主持人奧利弗。14．考查時態(tài)。句意：他說食物在他的生命中扮演著重要角色。此處表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，也可以表示從過去一直到現(xiàn)在延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，所以可以用現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。主語food為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填plays/hasplayed/isplaying/hasbeenplaying。15．考查形容詞。句意：奧利弗說，如果你足夠幸運(yùn)，身邊有一個喜歡烹飪的人?？涨坝衎e動詞，所以空處填形容詞做表語。故填lucky。16．考查連詞。句意：問他們你是否有可能加入他們。____youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.是賓語從句，從句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。C（2021·北京·高考真題）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空．在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。There17(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,18(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,19(result)inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss．Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed20(invest)indisasterprevention.【答案】17．hasbeen18．caused19．resulting20．toinvest【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章指出過去20年里，極端天氣事件的數(shù)量急劇增加，這在很大程度上是由全球氣溫上升造成的，引發(fā)重大自然災(zāi)害，造成了極大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，因此人們急需投資于災(zāi)害預(yù)防。17．考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的一份新報告，過去20年里，極端天氣事件的數(shù)量急劇增加，這在很大程度上是由全球氣溫上升造成的。根據(jù)時間狀語overthepast20years可知，此處使用現(xiàn)在完成時，adramaticrise是單數(shù)感念，助動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填hasbeen。18．考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweatherevents與cause是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，表被動。故填caused。19．考查非謂語動詞。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共發(fā)生重大自然災(zāi)害7348起，造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失2.97萬億美元。7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld與result是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，且表示一種自然的結(jié)果，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，作結(jié)果狀語。故填resulting。20．考查非謂語動詞。句意：研究結(jié)果表明，急需投資于災(zāi)害預(yù)防。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示未來的動作，應(yīng)用不定式，作后置定語。故填toinvest。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。A（2020·北京·高考真題）Lanisaworldwidelanguagelearningappandaleaderintheonlinelanguagelearningindustrywithmillionsofactivesubscribers.Wehouseabroadrangeofexpertsunitedbythemongoalofcreatingthebestlanguagelearningtoolspossible.WithadvicefromAIspecialists,artdesignersandcultureresearchers,ourmultilanguageexpertsendowLanwithanenormouspotentialforinnovationwithintheworldoflanguageleaning.Ourcourses,totalling20,000hoursofcontentin20differentlanguages,guaranteeyoulanguageskillsyoucanuserightaway.AtthecoreofLanisaworldclasseffectivemethodthatenhanceslanguageleaningwithadvancedtechnology.Examplesanddialoguesarerecordedwithrealnativespeakersinsteadofautomaticputers.Lantrainsyourbraintolearnefficiently,soyouabsorbmoreinformationwhileintheappandcontinueleaningoutsideofit.Theappmakesourpracticallanguagelessonsavailablewhereverandwhenever.Weworkdirectlyforourleaners,notforanythirdparty.Andit'sallsupportedbyanefficientcustomerserviceteam,availablethroughtelephone,emailandonlinechat.Millionsoflearnershavetheirownstoriesandtheirownreasonsforlearninganewlanguage.Lancaresaboutyouandaddressesyourindividuallearningtype.Lanistheonlyproducttooffercoursestailoredtoyournativelanguage,buildingongrammarandwordsyoualreadyknow.Ourcontentisaboutreallifetopicsthatarerelevantbecauseweknowwhatmatterstoyouiswhatsticksbest.Youwill,finditveryrewardingtolearnwithLan.ChooseYourSubscriptionandGetStarted1month3months6months12months$12.95/m$8.95/m$7.45/m$6.95/mBuywithconfidence:21daymoneybackguarantee!Ifyouaren'tsatisfied,justwritetoCustomerServicewithin21days.Contact&Support:customerservice@lan21．WhocanprovideLanwithahugepotentialforinnovationinlearning?A．Cultureresearchers. B．AIspecialists. C．Languageexperts. D．Artdesigners.22．WhatliesatthecoreoftheLanapp?A．Aflexiblesystem. B．Aneffectivemethod.C．Thebraintrainingtechnique. D．Theinformativecontent.23．Lanclaimsthatitisuniqueinits___________.A．personalisedcourses B．multiplelanguagesC．pricingpolicy D．serviceteam【答案】21．C22．B23．A【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹一個名為Lan的全球性語言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序，介紹了其特色、價格以及聯(lián)系方式等信息。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“WithadvicefromAIspecialists,artdesignersandcultureresearchers,ourmultilanguageexpertsendowLanwithanenormouspotentialforinnovationwithintheworldoflanguageleaning.”可知，在人工智能專家、藝術(shù)設(shè)計師和文化研究者的建議下，我們的多語言專家為Lan在語言學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域提供了巨大的創(chuàng)新潛力。由此可知，語言專家為Lan提供學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)新的巨大潛力。故選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AtthecoreofLanisaworldclasseffectivemethodthatenhanceslanguageleaningwithadvancedtechnology.”可知，Lan的核心是一種世界級的有效方法，利用先進(jìn)的技術(shù)來增強(qiáng)語言學(xué)習(xí)。由此可知，Lan應(yīng)用程序的核心是有效的方法。故選B。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Lanistheonlyproducttooffercoursestailoredtoyournativelanguage,buildingongrammarandwordsyoualreadyknow.”可知，Lan是唯一一款為您的母語量身定制課程的產(chǎn)品，以您已經(jīng)掌握的語法和單詞為基礎(chǔ)，由此可知，Lan聲稱它的個性化課程是獨一無二的。故選A。B（2023·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題）Sittinginthegardenformyfriend’sbirthday.Ifeltabuzz(振動)inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).Theposition—measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme—hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn’tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldpletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn’t.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesiredresearchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathadseemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective(視角)tokeepitfromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.24．Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender’sname?A．Anxious. B．Angry. C．Surprised. D．Settled.25．AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto________.A．criticisethereviewprocess B．staylongerintheSaharaDesertC．a(chǎn)pplytotheoriginalprojectagain D．puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork26．Accordingtotheauthor,theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas________.A．demanding B．inspiring C．misleading D．a(chǎn)musing27．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Aninvitationisareputation. B．Aninnovationisaresolution.C．Arejectioncanbearedirection. D．Areflectioncanbearestriction.【答案】24．A25．D26．B27．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章中作者結(jié)合自己被拒絕后得到了更好的職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會，告訴我們最初的拒絕給予了更好的方向。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).(當(dāng)我看到郵件發(fā)件人的名字時，我的心跳加速了。這封郵件是這樣開頭的：“親愛的格林先生，感謝您的關(guān)注”，“審核過程比預(yù)期的要長?！毙诺慕Y(jié)尾是“我們很抱歉地通知你……”，我的視線模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒絕的郵件，所以推測作者在看到電子郵件發(fā)件人的名字時感到焦慮。故選A。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn’tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.(因此，當(dāng)我收到這封郵件后不久，負(fù)責(zé)這個項目的瑪麗·德文教授邀請我去她的實驗室觀察正在進(jìn)行的工作時，我感到非常震驚。我欣然接受了這個機(jī)會，幾周后，當(dāng)她邀請我和她談?wù)勎铱梢栽谒膶嶒炇依飶氖碌臐撛陧椖繒r，我同樣感到震驚——同時也是欣喜若狂。她提出的建議似乎沒有我最初申請的項目那么令人興奮，但我打算全力以赴)”可知，與德文教授交談后，作者決定全心全意地投入實驗室工作。故選D。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldpletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn’t.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己和一個機(jī)器人教授一起研究從沙漠中遠(yuǎn)程收集數(shù)據(jù)的技術(shù)。我可以在沙發(fā)上完成這個項目，而不是在沙漠的酷熱中完成，它不僅在封鎖期間幸存下來，而且在傳統(tǒng)方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后，我有了新的科學(xué)興趣去追求)”可推知，機(jī)器人學(xué)教授的項目很鼓舞人心。故選B。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.(我明白了有時候我需要抓住提供的機(jī)會，即使這些機(jī)會在當(dāng)時聽起來并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不變地制定計劃)”結(jié)合文章中作者結(jié)合自己被拒絕后得到了更好的職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會，告訴我們最初的拒絕給予了更好的方向。故C選項“拒絕可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故選C。C（2022·北京·高考真題）“Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger?”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.Systemsthinkingiscrucialtoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutritionbecauseitrequiresconsideringthewayinwhichfoodisproduced,processed,deliveredandconsumed,andlookingathowthosethingsintersect(交叉)withhumanhealth,theenvironment,economicsandsociety.Accordingtosystemsthinking,changingthefoodsystem—oranyothernetwork—requiresthreethingstohappen.First,researchersneedtoidentifyalltheplayersinthatsystem;second,theymustworkouthowtheyrelatetoeachother;andthird,theyneedtounderstandandquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthoseoutsidethesystem.Takenutrition.InthelatestUNreportonglobalfoodsecurity,thenumberofundernourished(營養(yǎng)不良)peopleintheworldhasbeenrising,despitegreatadvancesinnutritionscience.Trackingof150biochemicalsinfoodhasbeenimportantinrevealingtherelationshipsbetweencalories,sugar,fatandtheoccurrenceofmondiseases.Butusingmachinelearningandartificialintelligence,somescientistsproposethathumandietsconsistofatleast26,000biochemicals—andthatthevastmajorityarenotknown.Thisshowsthatwehavesomewaytotravelbeforeachievingthefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkingwhich,inthisexample,istoidentifymoreconstituentpartsofthenutritionsystem.Asystemsapproachtocreatingchangeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryoneinthesystemhasequalpower.Butassomeresearchersfind,thefoodsystemisnotanequalone.Agoodwaytoredress(修正)suchpowerimbalanceisformoreuniversitiestodowhatCrystaldidandteachstudentshowtothinkusingasystemsapproach.Moreresearchers,policymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearntolookbeyondtheirdirectlinesofresponsibilityandadoptasystemsapproach.Crystalknewthatvisionsalonedon’tproduceresults,butconcludedthat“we’llneverproduceresultsthatwecan’tenvision”.28．TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedinParagraph1to________.A．illustrateanargument B．highlightanopinionC．introducethetopic D．predicttheending29．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefieldofnutrition?A．Thefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkinghasn’tbeenachieved.B．Therelationshipsamongplayershavebeenclarified.C．Machinelearningcansolvethenutritionproblem.D．Theimpactofnutritioncannotbequantified.30．Asforsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A．Itmaybeusedtojustifypowerimbalance.B．Itcanbeappliedtotacklechallenges.C．Ithelpstoprovewhyhungerexists.D．Itgoesbeyondhumanimagination.【答案】28．C29．A30．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了解決全球挑戰(zhàn)的重要方法——系統(tǒng)思維。28．推理判斷題。由文章第一段““Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger?”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.(“如果沒有饑餓，世界會是什么樣子？”這是Crystal教授會問學(xué)生的問題。她后來寫道，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難回答這個問題，因為想象一些不屬于現(xiàn)實生活的東西，并學(xué)習(xí)如何將其變成現(xiàn)實是一項罕見的技能。它被教授給藝術(shù)家和工程師，但很少教授給科學(xué)家。Crystal著手改變這種狀況，并幫助創(chuàng)建了一個全球運(yùn)動。結(jié)果，一種被稱為系統(tǒng)思維的方法現(xiàn)在被視為應(yīng)對全球挑戰(zhàn)的關(guān)鍵。)”可知，文章開頭提出問題是為了引出話題系統(tǒng)思維的方法被視為應(yīng)對全球挑戰(zhàn)的關(guān)鍵。故選C項。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Thisshowsthatwehavesomewaytotravelbeforeachievingthefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkingwhich,inthisexample,istoidentifymoreconstituentpartsofthenutritionsystem.(這表明，在實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)思考的第一個目標(biāo)之前，我們還有一段路要走——在本例中，這是為了確定營養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)的更多組成部分。)”可知，實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)思維的第一個目標(biāo)還有一段路需要走，現(xiàn)尚未實現(xiàn)。故選A項。30．推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.(Crystal著手改變這種狀況，并幫助創(chuàng)建了一個全球運(yùn)動。結(jié)果，一種被稱為系統(tǒng)思維的方法現(xiàn)在被視為應(yīng)對全球挑戰(zhàn)的關(guān)鍵。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為該系統(tǒng)能應(yīng)用于解決挑戰(zhàn)。故選B項。D（2020·北京·高考真題）Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselftorecreatinglongforgottentechniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16thcenturyFrenchmanuscript（手稿）consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingtofindingthebestsand.Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious（神秘）ashisname;hemayhavebeensimplytakingnotesforhisownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheoldfashionedwayisn'tjustaboutplayingaroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhowtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthatproducedthem.Itcanevenhelpsolvepresentdayproblems:In2015,scientistsdiscoveredthata10thcenturyEnglishmedicineforeveproblemscouldkilladrugresistantvirus.Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowanobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.ScholarshaveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.Thesesculptureswerepaintedarainbowofstrikingcolours.Wecan'tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeingworksofartastheyoriginallyappearedsomethingSmithbelievesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.Smithhasputthemanuscript'sideasintopractice.Herfinalgoalistolinktheworldsofartandsciencebacktogether:Shebelievesthatbringingtheoldrecipestolifecanhelpdevelopakindoflearningthathighlightsexperimentation,teamwork,andproblemsolving.Backwhenscience—thencalled“thenewphilosophy”—tookshape,academicslookedtocraftsmenforhelpinunderstandingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswereinventedbywayofartistictinkering（修補(bǔ)）,ascraftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhandsonexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.31．HowdidSmith,feelafterreadingtheFrenchmanuscript?A．Confusedaboutthetechnicalterms.B．Impressedwithitsdetailedinstructions.C．Discouragedbyitsplexstructure.D．Shockedforherownlackofhandskills.32．AccordingtoSmith,thereconstructionworkisdonemainlyto_____________.A．restoreoldworkshops B．understandthecraftsmenC．improvevisualeffects D．inspirethephilosophers33．Whydoestheauthormentionmuseums?A．Torevealthebeautyofancientobjects.B．Topresentthefindingsofoldscience.C．Tohighlighttheimportanceofantiques.D．Toemphasisethevaluesofhandskills.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtistsB．CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTheoriesC．CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientistsD．CraftsmenReshapetheFutureofScience【答案】31．D32．B33．D34．C【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述科學(xué)家PaulaSmith致力于對古代手工技能的研究，認(rèn)為科學(xué)家如果能夠把古代的手工技能和現(xiàn)代的科學(xué)方法結(jié)合起來，就能夠創(chuàng)造更大成就。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.”讓史密斯震驚的主要是，她并沒有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她說:“你根本無法通過閱讀來了解這些手工作品?！庇纱丝芍x完這份法國手稿，這種手工技能讓史密斯感到震驚，故選D。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhowtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,”重建幾個世紀(jì)前工匠的作品，可以揭示他們?nèi)绾慰创澜?，他們的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是為了了解工匠。故選B。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.”史密斯說，這項工作也給博物館帶來了深刻的見解。為了保存它，一個人必須知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解寶藏磨損之前的樣子。因此可知，博物館要想很好保存物品，必須要知道這件物品是如何制成的，也是在強(qiáng)調(diào)手工技能的價值，故選D。34．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhandsonexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.”史密斯說，如果我們能重新發(fā)現(xiàn)實踐經(jīng)驗和工藝的價值，我們就能將現(xiàn)代的最好見解與我們祖先的靈巧結(jié)合起來。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科學(xué)家能把古代的手工技巧同現(xiàn)代的理論結(jié)合起來，就能夠獲得更多的成就。C選項CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists工藝造就了更好的科學(xué)家，符合文章主題，適合做標(biāo)題，故選C?！军c睛】標(biāo)題猜測題。屬于主旨大意題的一種，標(biāo)題應(yīng)位于文章之首，概括文章內(nèi)容，點明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語，或句子。確定文章標(biāo)題，第一，標(biāo)題要與主題密切相關(guān)；其次，看標(biāo)題是否能概括全文內(nèi)容，不能只概括短文中的某些事實或細(xì)節(jié)；第三，標(biāo)題范圍不應(yīng)太大或太??；最后，標(biāo)題應(yīng)新穎，概括性強(qiáng)并且精煉。小題4中C選項概括文中主旨大意，與主題密切相關(guān)，故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2023·北京·統(tǒng)考高考真題）It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.35WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.36Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlowerrankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigherrankeduniversities.37Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhighqualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注冊)orfunding.38Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.39Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhighqualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehighqualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A．Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B．Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C．Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputationbuildingfactor.D．However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E．Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F．They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G．Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.【答案】35．D36．F37．G38．B39．E【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何選擇高校提供了一些建議。35．根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.(對于美國的學(xué)生和他們的家人來說，這是一年中既快樂又緊張的時刻，因為他們要決定去哪里上大學(xué)。家庭經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)來幫助做決定。)”可知，美國的學(xué)生和家人們在決定去哪兒上大學(xué)時，經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)。而根據(jù)下文第三段“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlowerrankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigherrankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名較低的大學(xué)的課程在教學(xué)方面的平均得分高于排名較高的大學(xué)的課程。)”可推斷出，本文主要講述的是排名方面出現(xiàn)的問題。選項D“However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.(然而，排名忽略了一個關(guān)鍵因素：教學(xué)質(zhì)量。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指出大學(xué)排名存在的問題；而根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容也可以推斷，排名中存在的問題是教學(xué)質(zhì)量被忽略。故選D。36．根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.(作為一名