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高中英語作文專題--倒裝句(教師版)主語和謂語是句子的核心,它們之間有兩種語序:

一是主語在謂語之前稱為自然語序(Natural

Order);

二是主語在謂語之后則稱為倒裝語序(Inverted

Order)。

而倒裝語序中又有完全倒裝(Full

Inversion)和部分倒裝(Partial

Inversion)

完全倒裝(Full

Inversion):又稱"全部倒裝",是指將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。

部分倒裝(Partial

Inversion):指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語之前,而謂語動(dòng)詞無變化。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,

does或did,并將其置于主語之前。

英語句子的倒裝一是由于語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝,二是由于修辭的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝。

前一種情況,倒裝是必須的,否則就會出現(xiàn)語法錯(cuò)誤;后一種情況,倒裝是選擇性的,倒裝與否只會產(chǎn)生表達(dá)效果上的差異。一.完全倒裝句型here,there,out,in,up,down,now,then,away等副詞放在句首,句子需要全部倒裝,全倒裝句型公式是:特殊詞+謂語+名詞主語。注意代詞主語不可以倒裝。特殊詞包括up,down,here,there,now,then,in,out,away等等。例句:Theregoesthebell!=Thebellisringing.鈴響了!Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.汽車來了。Nowcomesyourturntomakeashortspeech.該輪到你發(fā)言了。Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.我們期盼的時(shí)候到了。二.部分倒裝句型部分倒裝句型公式是:否定詞+助動(dòng)詞+主語+謂語+…,注意主語無論是代詞或者名詞都可以倒裝。否定詞包括not,no,hardly,barely,scarcely,few,little,seldom等等,例句:Seldomdidhetalkabouthispast.他很少談?wù)撍倪^去。HardlyhadIgoneoutdiditbegintorain.我剛出門,就開始下雨了。Notasingleworddidhesayaboutthisincident.關(guān)于這個(gè)事件他沒有說一個(gè)字。語義解析

一、

表示強(qiáng)調(diào):

倒裝句最突出、最常見的修辭效果就是強(qiáng)調(diào),其表現(xiàn)形式如下:

1.only

+狀語或狀語從句置于句首,句子用部分倒裝。例子:

Only

in

this

way

can

you

solve

this

problem.

只有用這種方法,你才可以解決這個(gè)問題。

Only

after

he

had

spoken

out

the

word

did

he

realize

he

had

made

a

big

mistake.

只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說出那個(gè)字后才意識到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。

2.

hardly,in

no

way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no

more,

no

longer,not,

not

only,

no

sooner,

not

only

(but

also),not

until…

等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首,句子用部分倒裝。例子:

No

sooner

had

I

got

home

than

it

began

to

rain.

我剛到家就下起了雨。

Seldom

do

I

go

to

work

by

bus.

我很少乘公共汽車上班。

Not

until

twelve

o'clock

did

she

go

to

bed

last

night

.

她昨晚十二點(diǎn)才上床睡覺。

3.

so

/

such...that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首可以構(gòu)成部分倒裝句,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)so

/such和that之間的部分。例子:

So

unreasonable

was

his

price

that

everybody

startled.

他的要價(jià)太離譜,令每個(gè)人都瞠目結(jié)舌。

To

such

length

did

she

go

in

rehearsal

that

the

two

actors

walked

out.

她的彩排進(jìn)行得那么長,以致于那兩個(gè)演員都走出去了。

以上各例都用倒裝語序突出了句首成分,其語氣較自然語序強(qiáng)烈,因而具有極佳的修辭效果。

二、

承上啟下1.為了避免句子部分內(nèi)容不必要的重復(fù),常用"so+be動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語"或"neither/nor

+

be動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語"的倒裝句式。

其中第一個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的肯定情況相同",第二個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的否定情況相同"。

例子:

A:His

brother

is(not)

a

college

student;

B:so

is

mine.(nor

is

mine

.)

A:他弟弟(不)是大學(xué)生,B:我弟弟也是。(我弟弟也不是。)

A:He

used

to

have

his

further

study

abroad;

B:so

did

I.(neither

did

I.)

A:他曾去國外深造過。B:我也去過。(我也沒有。)

A:One

of

my

friends

can

speak

three

foreign

languages;

B:so

can

his

wife.(neither

can

his

wife

.)

A:我的一個(gè)朋友會說三門外國語。B:他的妻子也會。(他的妻子也不會。)

2.倒裝可把前一句說到的人或物,或與前一句有聯(lián)系的人或物在下一句緊接著先說出來,從而使前后兩句在意思上的關(guān)系更加清楚,銜接更加緊密,起到承上啟下的作用。

例子:

They

broke

into

her

uncle's

bedroom

and

found

the

man

lying

on

the

floor,

dead.

Around

his

head

was

a

brown

snake.

他們破門進(jìn)入她叔叔的臥室,發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在地板上死了。一條棕褐色的蛇纏在他頭上。

We

really

should

not

resent

being

called

paupers.

Paupers

we

are,

and

paupers

we

shall

remain.

我們確實(shí)不應(yīng)因?yàn)楸环Q作窮光蛋而憤憤不平。我們的確是窮光蛋,而且還會繼續(xù)是窮光從復(fù)合句,倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在主句中。例如:

1)Not

until

the

game

had

begun

did

he

arrive

at

the

sports

ground.

2)Not

until

then

did

he

come

to

realize

the

seriousness

of

the

situation.

5、其他表示否定意義的副詞或副詞短語位于句首,句子要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

1)Little

did

we

suspect

that

the

district

was

so

rich

in

mineral

resources.

2)Nowhere

has

the

world

ever

seen

such

great

enthusiasm

for

learning

as

in

this

country.

6、含有"no"、表示否定意義的介詞短語位于句首,句子要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的這類介詞短語有:at

no

point(決不),at

no

time,by

no

means,in

no

case,in

no

circumstances,in

no

sense,in

no

shape,in

no

way,in

no

wise,

on

no

account,on

no

consideration,under

no

circumstances,in

no

time(立刻),in

vain(徒勞),not

once,still

less等等。例如:

We

have

been

told

that

under

no

circumstances

may

we

use

the

telephone

in

the

office

for

personal

affairs.

2)At

no

time

and

in

no

circumstances

should

a

Communist

place

his

personal

interest

first.

二、其他副詞引起的倒裝

在以下列副詞及連接詞開頭的句子中,要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的副詞有:only,so,

here,there,now,often,then,down,out,

in,up,hence,thus,well,off,away,twice,

gladly,many

a

time等等。

1、在由only開頭的句子中,only后面緊跟用作狀語的副詞、介詞或從句,要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

1)Only

by

shouting

at

the

top

of

his

voice

was

he

able

to

make

himself

heard.

2)Only

under

special

circumstances

are

freshmen

permitted

to

take

make-up

tests.

如果only在句首,但是only后面沒有緊跟用作狀語的副詞、介詞或從句,則不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

2、在由so開頭、引導(dǎo)的表示"前面所說的情況也適用于另一人(或事物)"的句子中,要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),so為"肯定的附和"。例如:

John

had

been

working

hard

and

so

had

his

brother.

3、由there引起的句子,要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

1)The

door

opened

and

there

entered

a

young

man

in

a

blue

uniform.

4、由there或now引起的句子、謂語為

come(go)的句子,要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

1)There

comes

the

bus.

2)Now

comes

your

turn.

5、由here引起的句子、謂語為be的句子,要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

1)Here

are

some

good

newly-published

novels.

2)Here

is

China's

largest

tropical

forest.

但是,如果主語是人稱代詞時(shí),由here和

there引出的句子也不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

1)Here

we

are.

2)Here

you

are.

由then引起的句子、謂語為come(follow)的句子,要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

1)Then

come

wind,hail

and

frost.

2)Then

came

a

new

difficulty.

由often引起的句子,要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

Often

did

we

warn

them

not

to

do

so.

三、虛擬條件狀語從句中的倒裝

1、在含有were,had,should的虛擬條件狀語中,如果省略了連接詞if,要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

1)Were

she

to

leave

right

now,she

would

get

there

on

Sunday.

2)Were

they

to

arrive

before

we

depart

the

day

after

tomorrow,we

should

have

a

wonderful

dinner

party.

3)Had

he

worked

harder,he

would

have

got

through

the

exams.

2、在表示祝愿的句子中,往往要求用倒裝句。常常將助動(dòng)詞提前或直接將謂語動(dòng)詞置于主語前面,表示祝愿。例如:

1)May

this

book

in

a

small

way

help

to

improve

your

English.

2)Long

live

friendship!

四、讓步狀語從句、方式狀語從句和比較狀語從句中的倒裝

在比較狀語從句中,如果主語不是人稱代詞,常常可以在主語前添加助動(dòng)詞do(be)代替前面出現(xiàn)過的動(dòng)詞。這時(shí),比較對象放在這個(gè)do(be)后面,形成一種部分倒裝的形式;

He

always

spends

more

time

on

that

useless

matter

than

do

the

others.

2)The

living

standard

of

the

people

is

higher

than

was

the

case

ten

years

ago.

3)The

more

you

explain,

the

more

confused

I

am.

在由no

matter

how,however和how引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中,其后的形容詞、副詞應(yīng)隨其移至主謂語之前,而形成部分倒裝。例如:

1)However

hard

he

tried,he

still

failed

in

the

entrance

exam.

2)No

matter

how

badly

they

had

slept

she

was

always

up

early.

五、在由"so+adv./adj.+

that"和"such

that"引出的結(jié)果狀語從句中,要求用倒裝句。例如:

1)So

far

does

light

travel

that

it

is

difficult

for

us

to

imagine

its

speed.

2)So

suddenly

was

the

attack

that

we

had

no

time

to

escape.

3)So

loudly

did

he

speak

that

even

people

in

the

next

room

could

hear

him.

六、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出句子的某一部分,往往可以用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

1)A

very

capable

young

man

he

is.

2)Standing

beside

the

table

was

an

interpreter.

七、在感嘆的句子中,往往要求用倒裝句。

當(dāng)一個(gè)句子包含一個(gè)帶補(bǔ)語的復(fù)合謂語,而補(bǔ)語又被what或how修飾時(shí),要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

1)What

a

great

project

it

is!

2)How

beautiful

these

hills

look

with

the

clouds

behind

them

!

練習(xí)一、將下列中文翻譯成英文。1)她這么自私,沒有人喜歡她。2)只有在失去自由之后,人們才知道自由的可貴。3)他一點(diǎn)也不了解自己多么幸運(yùn)。4)現(xiàn)在是我們植樹的大好時(shí)機(jī)。5)任何時(shí)候你都不應(yīng)把個(gè)人利益放在首位。6)這就是我們剛接到的電報(bào)。7)直到最近我才有點(diǎn)知道導(dǎo)彈是什么樣。8)他聲音那樣大,連隔壁屋子里的人都聽得見。9)我們曾多次警告他們不要這樣做。10)他還沒有全說完,就有人起來駁斥他的觀點(diǎn)。二、運(yùn)用倒裝句型改寫句子。1)Followingtheroar,atigerrushedoutfromamongthebushes.2)Atallpolicemanstoodatthefarendoftheroom.3)Quiteanumberofsmallhydro-electricpowerstationsarescatteredinthemountains.4)Hewouldnotgiveupwritinghissatiresunderanycircumstances.5)Alastingpeacewillbeestablishedintheareaonlyifbothsidesaccepttheagreement.6)Hebecameconfusedtosuchadegreethathedidn’tknowwherehewas.7)Hespokesoloudlythatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.8)Ididn’thaveanyideawhataguidedmissilewaslikeuntilrecently.9)Wedonotbelievetheirniceworks,andwearenotintimidatedbytheirbluster.10)Alayerofairofunknownthicknessissurroundingtheearth.11)Youcannothearsomanylanguagesspokenanywhereelseintheworld.12)Thisinstrumenthasneverbeenadequatelytestedbyanyproperlyqualifiedtechnician.13)Helookedsoabsurdthateveryonestaredathim.14)Sheknowslittleofwhatgoesonbehindthescenes.15)Heagreedtoourplanonlyafteralongargument.參考答案一、將下列句子譯成英語的倒裝句1)Soselfishisshethatnoonelikesher.2)Onlywhenonelosesfreedomdoesoneknowitsvalue.3)Littledidherealizehowfortunatehewas.4)Nowisthebesttimeforustoplanttrees.5)Atnotimeshouldyouplaceyourpersonalinterestfirst.6)Hereisthetelegramwehavejustreceived.7)NotuntilquiterecentlydidIhaveanyideawhataguidedmissilewaslike.8)Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.9)Oftendidwewarnthemnottodoso.10)Hardlyhadhefinishedwhensomeonerosetorefutehisviews.二、運(yùn)用倒裝句型改寫句子。1)Followingtheroar,ourrushedatigerrushedfromamongthebushes.2)Atthefarendoftheroomstoodatallpoliceman.3)Scatteredinthemountainsarequ

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