Unit2BridgingCultures-2023-2024學(xué)年高二英語單元速記巧練（人教版2019選擇性）

Unit2BridgingCulturesUnit2話題文化碰撞詞匯plex，insight，grasp，expense，deny，optimistic，gain，budget，logical，oute短語participatein，speakup，feelathome，engagein，getinvolvedin，fortzone，costanarmandaleg，sidewith，asfarasIknow，asfarasIamconcerned，insummary，generallyspeaking句型1.thefirsttime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“第一次……”2.“find＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”3.while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”。4.that引導(dǎo)同位語從句語法復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句寫作如何寫觀點(diǎn)類作文考點(diǎn)1.qualificationn．(通過考試或?qū)W習(xí)課程取得的)資格；學(xué)歷XieLeiisstudyingforabusinessqualificationatauniversityinChinaandhasetoouruniversityonayear－longexchangeprogramme.(教材P14)謝蕾在中國的一所大學(xué)攻讀工商管理資格，來我校進(jìn)行為期一年的交流項(xiàng)目。【拓展】(1)aqualification/qualificationsfor...……的資格have/hasqualificationstodosth有資格去做某事(2)qualifyvi.&vt.(使)具備資格；(使)合格vi.取得資格(3)qualifiedadj.合格的；有資格的bequalifiedforsth/todosth有資格做某事【經(jīng)典練】①HehasqualificationsforteachingEnglish.→Hehasqualifications(teach)English.他有教英語的資格。②Hetookallkindsofteststoprovehewaswellqualifiedthisimportanttask.他參加各種各樣的測(cè)試，以證明自己完全有資格接受這項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)。1.toteach2.for【教考銜接】IthinkIamqualifiedtobeavolunteer,pleasegivemeachance.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)我認(rèn)為我有資格成為一個(gè)志愿者，請(qǐng)給我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)?？键c(diǎn)2.adaptationn．適應(yīng)；改編本；改編Althoughsomeforeignstudentsliveincampusacmodation，XieLeichosetolivewithahostfamily，whocanhelpwithheradaptationtothenewculture.(教材P14)雖然有些外國學(xué)生住在大學(xué)宿舍里，但是謝蕾選擇跟一個(gè)寄宿家庭生活在一起，他們能幫助她適應(yīng)新的文化?！就卣埂?1)adaptto適應(yīng)/適合……adaptoneselfto使自己適應(yīng)……adapt...todo...調(diào)整……以做……(2)adapt...from...根據(jù)……改編……adapt...for把……改寫/改編成……(3)adaptationn.適應(yīng)；改編；改寫本【經(jīng)典練】①Theeducatorshouldguidethestudentstocorrectlyknowaboutthem,graduallyperfectthemandadaptthemselvesthedevelopmentofthesociety.教育工作者要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生正確認(rèn)識(shí)自己，不斷完善自己，使他們適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展。②Theteamhascarriedoutdecadesofresearchonrosespecieswhichcanadaptextremeclimates.該團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)能夠適應(yīng)極端氣候的玫瑰品種進(jìn)行了數(shù)十年的研究。③(adapt)fromawell－knownpaintinginthemuralsofDunhuang,theballettellsthestoryofanine－coloreddeer,whosavesaPersianmerchantfromdrowninginariver.這部芭蕾舞劇改編自敦煌壁畫上的一幅著名畫作，講述了一只九色鹿的故事，它拯救了一位溺水的波斯商人。1.to2.to3.Adapted【教考銜接】1.MyclassmatesandIhaveadaptedastoryfromourEnglishtextbookforashortplayrecently.Couldyougiveussomeadviceonhowtoimprovetheadaptation？(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)最近我和我的同學(xué)將英語課文上的一個(gè)故事改編成了一個(gè)短劇。你能給我們一些建議如何完善這個(gè)改編本嗎？2.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)考點(diǎn)3fortvt.安慰；撫慰n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸“WhenImisshome,Ifeelfortedtohaveasecondfamily，”XieLeisaid.(教材P14)“當(dāng)我想家的時(shí)候，我為自己又擁有一個(gè)家庭而感到安慰”，謝蕾說?！就卣埂?1)infort舒適地；放松地beafortto對(duì)……是安慰(2)fortsbforsth因某事安慰某人fortoneself/sbwithsth以某事來自我安慰/安慰某人(3)fortableadj.舒適的；安逸的【經(jīng)典練】①Afteradjustingintoarelatively(fort)positioninasmallspace,hesleptforawhiletopreservehisstrength.在一個(gè)小地方調(diào)整到一個(gè)相對(duì)舒適的位置后，他睡了一會(huì)兒以保持體力。②Peoplecametohim,butherespondedbysaying，“Whycouldn’tthisbesomethingfortunate？”人們來安慰他，但他回答說：“為什么這不是一件幸運(yùn)事呢？”③Buthismotherdidn’tgiveupandconsistentlyfortedhimloving，encouragingwordsandtendercareforhisfailure.但他的母親沒有放棄，始終用愛和鼓勵(lì)的話來安慰他，對(duì)他的失敗給予更溫柔的關(guān)懷。1fortable2fort3.with【寫作佳句】1.就我個(gè)人而言，在寒冷的夜晚喝杯熱牛奶真舒服。AsfarasIamconcerned，drinkingacupofhotmilkincoldnightsisarealfort.2.當(dāng)我沮喪時(shí)，父親總是拍拍我的肩膀安慰我。WhenIwasdepressed，myfatherwouldpatmeontheshouldertofortme.考點(diǎn)4.applicantn．申請(qǐng)人Whowillbethesuccessfulapplicantforthesummerjobatthelawfirm？(教材P17)誰將是律師事務(wù)所暑期工作的成功申請(qǐng)者？【拓展】(1)applyvi.申請(qǐng)v.應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用；涂vt.&vi.(對(duì)……)適用apply(to...)forsth(向……)申請(qǐng)某事applysthto...把某事/某物應(yīng)用于……；把某物敷在……上applyto適用于……applyoneselfto專心致志于……(2)applicationn．應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用；申請(qǐng)(書)(3)appliedadj.應(yīng)用的(4)applicableadj.適用的；適合的【經(jīng)典練】①thecreamevenlyovertheskin.將乳霜均勻地涂抹在皮膚上。②Heapatentonhisinvention.他為他的發(fā)明申請(qǐng)了專利。③Thenewtechnologywasappliedfarming.這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)已應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)。④Wereceivehundredsofjobeachyear.我們每年收到數(shù)百封求職信。⑤Theinventionwouldhaveawiderangeof(apply)inindustry.這項(xiàng)發(fā)明會(huì)在工業(yè)中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。1.Apply2.appliedfor3.to4.applications5.applications[語境串記]LilygraduatedfromHarvardUniversityamonthago.Sheappliedtoabigpanyforapostlastweek.Theinterviewersaidherapplicationwasthebestamongalltheapplicantsandthatshewashired.Lilywasveryhappyanddeterminedtoworkhardandapplyherprofessionalknowledgetohernewjob.莉莉一個(gè)月前從哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)。她上周向一家大公司申請(qǐng)了一個(gè)崗位。面試者說她的申請(qǐng)表是所有應(yīng)聘者中最棒的，還說她被雇用了。莉莉很高興，決心努力工作并把自己的專業(yè)知識(shí)運(yùn)用到她的新工作中?！窘炭笺暯印?.KnowingthattherewillbeanexhibitionofChinesepaintingatgallerynextmonth,Iamwritingtoremendmyselfasavolunteer.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)2.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)考點(diǎn)5.presentationn．報(bào)告；陳述；出示；拿出Studentsneedtogenerateideas,offerexamples,applyconcepts,andraisequestions,aswellasgivepresentations.(教材P15)學(xué)生需要提出想法、舉出例子、應(yīng)用概念、提出問題以及進(jìn)行陳述?！就卣埂?1)make/giveapresentation作報(bào)告(2)presentvt.頒發(fā)；贈(zèng)送；呈現(xiàn)presentsbwithsth贈(zèng)予某人某物；授予某人……(獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng))presentsthtosb向某人提出……(觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等)【經(jīng)典練】①David’smanagerpresentedhimtheawardforthebestsalesintheregion.戴維的經(jīng)理向他頒發(fā)了本地區(qū)最佳銷售獎(jiǎng)。②TheteamispresentingitsreporttheboardonTuesday.該工作組將在周二向董事會(huì)提交報(bào)告。1.with2.to考點(diǎn)6.engagevi.參加；參與(活動(dòng))vt.吸引(注意力、興趣)“EngaginginBritishculturehashelped，”shesaid.(教材P15)“融入英國文化很有幫助?！彼f?！就卣埂?1)engagesb(as...)雇傭某人(當(dāng)……)engageone’sattention/interest吸引某人的注意力/興趣engagein/on從事……；參加，參與(2)engagedadj.忙碌的；訂了婚的beengagedinsth/doingsth忙于……，從事……(3)engagementn.婚約；約會(huì)【經(jīng)典練】①Thefundscanguideandencouragepoorfamiliesinthecountytothepovertyalleviationindustries.這些資金可以引導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)縣內(nèi)貧困家庭從事扶貧產(chǎn)業(yè)。②Heisengagedthedevelopmentofanewgenerationofputer.他忙著開發(fā)新一代的電腦。③Theyengagedthegirlaninterpreter.他們雇傭這個(gè)女孩當(dāng)翻譯。1.engagein2.in3.as【寫作佳句】(普通表達(dá))Althoughyouarebusywithyourstudy，youshouldsetasidesometimetotakepartinsomeoutdooractivities.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Althoughyouareengagedinyourstudy，youshouldsetasidesometimetotakepartinsomeoutdooractivities.考點(diǎn)7.involvev．包含；需要；涉及；影響；(使)參加Aswellasstudyinghard,I’vebeeninvolvedinsocialactivities.(教材P15)除了努力學(xué)習(xí)，我還參加了社交活動(dòng)。【拓展】involvesbin...使某人參與；使某人介入be/bee/getinvolvedin涉及；卷入【經(jīng)典練】①Onlinevotingbeesincreasinglypopular,andmanypetitionspeopleit.在線投票變得越來越流行，很多比賽讓人們都參與了進(jìn)來。②Wewanttoinvolveasmanypeopleaspossiblethecelebrations.我們希望參加慶典的人越多越好。③Childrencangetalotoutof．通過參加志愿者工作，孩子們能收獲很多東西。1.get，involvedin2.in3.beinginvolvedinvolunteerwork【寫作佳句】1.不可否認(rèn)，參加社會(huì)活動(dòng)可以開闊我們的視野。Onecannotdenythefactthatbeinginvolvedinsocialactivitiescanbroadenourhorizons.2.Ihavelearntthatyouwelestudentsfromdifferentcountries.I’dliketobeinvolvedinthesummercamp.(應(yīng)用文之申請(qǐng)信)Learningthatyouwelestudentsfromdifferentcountries，I’dliketobeinvolvedinthesummercamp.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫)考點(diǎn)8.expectationn．期望；預(yù)期；期待Theadvisortalkedaboutmaintainingreasonableexpectationswhenstudyingabroad.(教材P17)那個(gè)顧問談到當(dāng)在國外留學(xué)時(shí)要保持合理的期待?！就卣埂?1)liveupto/meetone’sexpectations不負(fù)某人的期望beyond(one’s)expectation(s)出乎(某人的)意料fallshortofone’sexpectations不如所望，未達(dá)到理想(2)expectv.預(yù)料；期望expect(sb/sth)todosth期待某人/物做某事expect＋(that)從句……期望……【經(jīng)典練】①Herperformancedidn’t.她的表現(xiàn)沒有達(dá)到她教練的期望。②IgotanA＋，whichwas＋，這大大出乎我的意料。③Heexpectedher(go)withhim.他期望她同他一起去。1.meethercoach’sexpectations2.beyond3.togo考點(diǎn)9.sb’sparticipationin某人參加；某人參與XieLeialsofoundmanycoursesincludedstudents’participationinclassaspartofthefinalresult.(教材P15)謝蕾也發(fā)現(xiàn)許多課程把學(xué)生的課堂參與作為最終成績的一部分?！就卣埂?1)participatein參加；參與participatewithsbinsth與某人一起分擔(dān)某事(2)participationn.參加；參與participantn.參與者；參加者[名師提醒]participate表示“參加，參與”時(shí)，是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面一般跟in，構(gòu)成短語participatein。表示“參加”的短語還有：joinin,takepartin，getinvolvedin?！窘?jīng)典練】1.Morethan10.7millionstudentshavesigneduptoparticipatethisyear’sCollegeEntranceExamination，upby400，000fromlastyear.今年的高考報(bào)名人數(shù)超過了1070萬，比去年增加了40萬。1.in[語境串記]Manycitizensparticipatedintheanti－smokingcampaignandmostoftheparticipantssaidtheirparticipationwasvoluntary.許多市民都參加了反對(duì)吸煙的運(yùn)動(dòng)，大多數(shù)參與者說他們的參與是自愿的。【寫作佳句】1.(普通表達(dá))ThosewhowanttojoininthepetitionaresupposedtopresentrelevantmaterialsbeforeMay21.(應(yīng)用文之通知)(高級(jí)表達(dá))ThosewhowanttoparticipateinthepetitionaresupposedtopresentrelevantmaterialsbeforeMay21.2.為了提高戶外活動(dòng)的參與度，我們學(xué)校于9月10日組織了一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)——攀登泰山。Inordertoincreaseparticipationinoutdooractivities，ourschoolorganizedanactivity—climbingtheMountainTaionSeptember10.考點(diǎn)10.behavev．表現(xiàn)；表現(xiàn)得體；有禮貌Somemaystruggleandsufferfromcultureshockwhenlearninghowtobehaveinnewsurroundings.(教材P20)在學(xué)習(xí)如何在新環(huán)境中舉止得體時(shí)，有些人可能會(huì)感到吃力，并承受文化沖擊的折磨。【拓展】(1)behavewell/badlyto/towardssb對(duì)待某人好/差behaveoneself守規(guī)矩；表現(xiàn)得體(2)well－behavedadj.表現(xiàn)好的badly－behavedadj.表現(xiàn)差的(3)behaviourn.舉止；行為【經(jīng)典練】①M(fèi)ybiggestchallengeistolearnhowtoatthedinnertable.我最大的挑戰(zhàn)是學(xué)習(xí)如何在餐桌上舉止得體。②Hewasangrytoseehissonattheparty.看到他兒子在宴會(huì)上不懂禮貌他很生氣。③Youmustbehave(you)inclass.在課堂上你必須約束好你自己。④Sheispleasedwithherchild’sgood(behave)．她對(duì)孩子的良好行為感到欣慰。1.behavewell2.behavebadly3.yourself4.behaviour【寫作佳句】1.強(qiáng)烈建議你參加晚宴時(shí)，舉止得體。作為舉止得體的客人，你不應(yīng)該把筷子插在食物里，或者用筷子指著其他人。(應(yīng)用文之傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗)Itishighlysuggestedthatyou(should)behaveyourselfwhenattendingfeasts.Asawellbehavedguest，youshouldn’tstickyourchopsticksinthefoodorpointthematothers.考點(diǎn)11.contributevt.&vi.捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)；捐助Theyhavegreatfacilitiesandoutstandingprofessors,helpingtoeducateyoungpeoplewhowillcontributetotheeconomyandfurtherstrengthenourcountry.(教材P20)它們有一流的設(shè)備和杰出的教授，助力培養(yǎng)為經(jīng)濟(jì)做貢獻(xiàn)、進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)我國實(shí)力的年輕人?！就卣埂?1)contributesthto...把某物捐獻(xiàn)給……contributeto有助于；導(dǎo)致；投稿(2)contributionn.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；稿件makeacontribution/contributionsto對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)(3)contributorn．[C]捐贈(zèng)者；投稿人【經(jīng)典練】①Doingsmallthingswellbuildingupourconfidenceandhelpingusmeetbiggerchallengesinthefuture.把小事做好有助于增強(qiáng)我們的自信心并幫助我們迎接未來更大的挑戰(zhàn)。②Volunteeror，ifyoucan，contributealittlemoneyalocalcharity.做志愿者，或者如果你有能力的話，為當(dāng)?shù)氐拇壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)捐一些錢。③Mr.GreenhascontributedChinaDailyforseveralyears.格林先生向《中國日?qǐng)?bào)》投稿已有幾年了。1.contributesto2.to3.to【寫作佳句】1.普通表達(dá)：Hemadesuchagreatcontributionto(做出如此大的貢獻(xiàn))theuniversitythatthenewlibrarywasnamedafterhim.高級(jí)表達(dá)：Suchagreatcontributiontotheuniversitydidhemakethatthenewlibrarywasnamedafterhim.(倒裝句)考點(diǎn)12.strengthenvi.&vt.加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)；鞏固(教材P20)【拓展】strengthn．力量；力氣；長處strengthsandweaknesses優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)thestrengthof...……的優(yōu)點(diǎn)【經(jīng)典練】[一詞多義]寫出下列句中strength的含義①Happinessandsuccessoftenetothosewhoaregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.②Mathsismystrength，whileIdon’tdowellinEnglish.③Idon’thavethestrengthtoliftthebox.④Theexercisesaredesignedtoyourstomachmuscles.這些運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的在于增強(qiáng)你的腹部肌肉。⑤Itmaytakeafewweeksforyoutoagain.可能需要幾個(gè)星期你才能恢復(fù)體力。1.優(yōu)點(diǎn)；長處2.強(qiáng)項(xiàng)3.力量；力氣4.strengthen5.buildupyourstrength考點(diǎn)13.denyvt.否認(rèn)；否定；拒絕Tosumup，onecannotdenythefactthatstudyingabroadhasitsdisadvantages，sowhenyouthinkaboutstudyingabroad，youshouldconsiderthesemanyfactors.(教材P20)總之，出國留學(xué)有不利的一面，這個(gè)事實(shí)是不可否認(rèn)的，所以當(dāng)你考慮出國留學(xué)時(shí)，你應(yīng)該考慮這諸多的因素?！就卣埂縟eny(doing)sth否認(rèn)(做)某事deny＋that從句否認(rèn)……Itcan’tbedeniedthat...不可否認(rèn)……Thereisnodenyingthat...毋庸置疑……；不可否認(rèn)……【經(jīng)典練】①Hedenied(see)thesewatchesbefore.他否認(rèn)曾經(jīng)見過這些手表。②Heitwashisfault.他否認(rèn)這是他的過錯(cuò)。③ThereisnodenyingTaiwanisabeautifulisland.不可否認(rèn)，臺(tái)灣是座美麗的島嶼。1.havingseen2.deniedthat3.that【寫作佳句】Thereisnodenyingthatprotectingtheenvironmentisofgreatimportance.不可否認(rèn)，保護(hù)環(huán)境非常重要?？键c(diǎn)14.asfarasIamconcerned就我而言；依我看來(教材P21)【拓展】asfarasIamconcerned用于表達(dá)個(gè)人對(duì)某事的觀點(diǎn)、看法，一般放在句首，用逗號(hào)隔開。asfaras遠(yuǎn)至……(在否定句中可用sofaras)asfarassb/sthisconcerned就某人/物而言asfarastheeyecansee/reach就視力所能及，極目所盡asfarasIcansee依我看；據(jù)我所見asfarasIknow就我所知asfarasIcanunderstand據(jù)我所知【經(jīng)典練】①，yourpaperisfineasitis.依我看來，你的論文寫得很好。②，noqualityproblemswerereportedconcerningmaterialspurchasedthroughthesechannels.據(jù)我所知，通過這些渠道購買的材料沒有出現(xiàn)質(zhì)量問題。③，you’vedonenothingwrong.依我看，你沒有做錯(cuò)任何事。④,theykeepChristmasaswellastheSpringFestivalintheirhouse.據(jù)我所知，他們?cè)诩依镞^春節(jié)，也過圣誕節(jié)。1.AsfarasIamconcerned2.AsfarasIknow3.AsfarasIcansee4.AsfarasIknow考點(diǎn)15.generallyspeaking一般來說(教材P21)【拓展】franklyspeaking坦白地說strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格說來honestlyspeaking誠實(shí)地說來；說實(shí)話personallyspeaking就我個(gè)人而言exactlyspeaking準(zhǔn)確地說來【經(jīng)典練】補(bǔ)全句子①,Idon’tquiteagreewithyourviewpointonthismatter.說實(shí)話，我不太同意你對(duì)此事的觀點(diǎn)。②，Americansonlydoonethinginonetime.一般來說，美國人在某一時(shí)間僅做一件事情。③，whetherweshouldclosetheInternetbarsdependsonhowpeopleusetheInternet.就我個(gè)人而言，我們是否應(yīng)該關(guān)閉網(wǎng)吧取決于人們?cè)鯓邮褂没ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)。④(坦白地說)，yourarticleisverygoodexceptforsomesmallmistakesingrammar.1.Honestlyspeaking2.Generallyspeaking3.Personallyspeaking4.Franklyspeaking考點(diǎn)16.Thefirsttimethatshehadtowriteanessay,hertutorexplainedthatshemustacknowledgewhatotherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas,butthathemainlywantedtoknowwhatshethought！(教材P14)她第一次寫論文時(shí)，導(dǎo)師跟她解釋說，如果引用別人的觀點(diǎn)就一定要說明，不過導(dǎo)師主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的！【拓展】句中thefirsttime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“第一次……”類似句式還有thelast/nexttime...意為“上次/下次……”除此之外，anytime/everytime/eachtime/themoment/theinstant/theminute等都可以充當(dāng)連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句?！窘?jīng)典練】①IknewthatIsawmynephew，hewouldbetalkingandwalking.我知道下次再見到我的侄子時(shí)，他就會(huì)走路會(huì)說話了。②IthoughtherniceandhonestIsawher.我第一次見到她時(shí)就覺得她很好，很誠實(shí)。③Hedidn’ttellyouanythingaboutithesawyou？上次見到你時(shí)，他什么也沒告訴你？1.thenexttime2.thefirsttime3.thelasttime考點(diǎn)17.Atfirst,XieLeihadnoideawhatsheshouldsay,butwhatsurprisedherwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.(教材P15)剛開始，謝蕾不知道該說什么，但讓她驚訝的是，短短幾周后她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己可以在課堂上大膽發(fā)言了?！就卣埂俊癴ind＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物處于某種狀況中”，其中賓語補(bǔ)足語可以為名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等?！窘?jīng)典練】①Wecamehomeandonthesofa.我們回到家，發(fā)現(xiàn)他在沙發(fā)上睡著了。(表示狀態(tài))②Isuddenlyfoundmyself(run)downthestreet.我不知不覺地突然在街上跑了起來。(表示主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行)③Ifoundmyself(surround)byagroupofchildren.我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一群孩子圍住了。(表示被動(dòng)和完成)④Whenhecameback，I.他回來的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的手里拿著一束花。(表示處在某種狀況)1.foundhimasleep2.running3.surrounded4.foundabunchofflowersinhishand考點(diǎn)18.Afinalpointtoconsideristhatwhilestudyingabroaddoeshavepotentialbenefits,youngpeoplewhostudyinChinaalsohaveagreatfuturetolookforwardto！(教材P20)最后要考慮的一點(diǎn)是，雖然出國留學(xué)確實(shí)有潛在的好處，但在中國學(xué)習(xí)的年輕人同樣未來可期！【拓展】while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，可用于句首，意為“盡管，雖然”。如果從句的主語和主句的主語相同，謂語動(dòng)詞又含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞可以省略?！窘?jīng)典練】①,heattendedthemeeting.(＝Whileill,heattendedthemeeting.)雖然他生病了，但他還是參會(huì)了。②Butthesummithasbeendelayed，theclimateemergencycan’tbeputonhold.雖然峰會(huì)被推遲了，但氣候緊急狀態(tài)不能被擱置。1.Whilehewasill2.while【寫作佳句】1.IfIamaccepted，IwillintroduceChinesepaintingskillstovisitors，whichcanhelpthemknowmoreaboutChineseculture.(應(yīng)用文之傳統(tǒng)文化)→Ifaccepted，IwillintroduceChinesepaintingskillstovisitors，whichcanhelpthemknowmoreaboutChineseculture.2.Ifitispossible，Iamgoingtovisitsomehomesoftheoldinthecity.→Ifpossible，Iamgoingtovisitsomehomesoftheoldinthecity.【教考銜接】工作的時(shí)候，我意識(shí)到烈日下在田間工作是多么地辛苦。(2019·北京，書面表達(dá))Whenworking，Irealizedhowharditwastoworkinthefieldsunderahotsun.考點(diǎn)19.Tosumup，onecannotdenythefactthatstudyingabroadhasitsdisadvantages，sowhenyouthinkaboutstudyingabroad，youshouldconsiderthesemanyfactors.(教材P20)總之，出國留學(xué)有不利的一面，這個(gè)事實(shí)是不可否認(rèn)的，所以當(dāng)你考慮出國留學(xué)時(shí)，你應(yīng)該考慮這諸多的因素?！就卣埂縯hat引導(dǎo)同位語從句同位語從句一般跟在某些名詞(belief，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，possibility，promise等)后面，用以解釋說明這些名詞的內(nèi)容。最常見的引導(dǎo)詞是that，在從句中不作任何成分，但不能省略。此外，引導(dǎo)詞還有how,when,where,why等，可翻譯為相應(yīng)含義?！窘?jīng)典練】①Ihadnohehadalreadygoneabroad.我不知道他已經(jīng)出國了。②Thetexttellsussmokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.這篇文章告訴我們這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)——吸煙非常不利于人的健康。③Hecan’tanswerhegotthemoney.他無法回答這筆錢是怎么得到的這個(gè)問題。1.ideathat2.afactthat3.thequestionhow【寫作佳句】1.地球正在變得越來越暖的事實(shí)使許多科學(xué)家擔(dān)心。Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststhattheearthisbeingwarmerandwarmer.一．語法精講——復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句思維導(dǎo)圖用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空1．Thefirsttimethatshehadtowriteanessay,hertutorexplainedthatshemustacknowledgewhatotherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas,butthathemainlywantedtoknowwhatshethought!2．Atfirst,XieLeihadnoideawhatsheshouldsay,butwhatsurprisedherwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.3．Whatseemedstrangebeforenowappearsquitenormaltoher.【自主發(fā)現(xiàn)】當(dāng)一個(gè)從句的性質(zhì)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，并在主從復(fù)合句中作主語、賓語、表語或同位語時(shí)，這個(gè)從句被稱為名詞性從句。一、主語從句(subjectclause)主語從句就是在復(fù)合句中起主語作用的從句。主語從句的連接詞有：eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(從屬連詞：that，whether，if,連接代詞：what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，,whichever，whoever，whomever,連接副詞：when，where，why，how))1．that引導(dǎo)的主語從句(1)that在主語從句中不充當(dāng)成分，也沒有含義，但通常不能省略。Thatourteamhadwonfirstprizemadeusveryhappy.我們隊(duì)獲得了第一名，這使我們很高興。ThatMoYanhadbeenawardedthe2012NobelPrizeinLiteraturemadeusveryproud.莫言獲頒2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)使我們非常驕傲。(2)that從句作主語時(shí)，為避免頭重腳輕，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主語，而將主語從句后置。常用it作形式主語代替that從句的句型有以下幾種：①It＋be＋形容詞(obvious，true，natural，wonderful，likely,possible，certain，etc.)＋that...Itisobviousthatyou’vemadeabigmistake.顯然，你犯了一個(gè)大錯(cuò)。Itiscertainthatshewilldoverywellintheexam.她一定會(huì)在這次考試中考得很好。[名師提醒]在“Itisnecessary/important/strange/essential＋that...”中，從句常用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。Itisessentialthatyou(should)havesomeexperience.你必須得有些經(jīng)驗(yàn)。②It＋be＋名詞(詞組)(nowonder，thecase，anhonour，apity，agoodthing，nosurprise，afact，ashame，etc.)＋that...Youhavebeenwalkingforhours.It’snowonderthatyouaresotired.你一直走了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。難怪你會(huì)這么累。③It＋be＋過去分詞(said，believed，reported，thought，expected，decided，etc.)＋that...It’sbelievedthatthecouplehaveleftthecountry.人們相信那對(duì)夫婦已經(jīng)離開了這個(gè)國家。④其他常見的用it作形式主語的句型：Itdoesn’tmatterthat...……是無關(guān)緊要的Itmakesnodifferencethat...……沒有影響Itoccurredto/struck/hitmethat...我突然想到……Itdoesn’tmatterthatshedoesn’tagreetoourplan.她不同意我們的計(jì)劃沒關(guān)系。Itoccurredtomethathemightbethekiller.我突然想到他可能是那個(gè)殺手。2．whether/if引導(dǎo)的主語從句whether/if在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，僅起連接作用，意為“是否”。whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句可以位于復(fù)合句的句首，也可位于句尾；而if引導(dǎo)的主語從句只能放在句尾，前面用it作形式主語。Whethershewilleornotisstillaquestion.她是否會(huì)來仍是一個(gè)問題。Itwasnotcertainwhether/ifhepassedtheexam.他是否通過了考試還不確定。3．連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句連接代詞who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever,whoever，whomever，whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，在句中既起連接作用，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語等成分。Whatangeredmemostwashistotallackofregret.最使我生氣的是他居然毫無悔意。Whichplanisbettershouldbediscussed.應(yīng)該討論哪一個(gè)計(jì)劃更好。4．連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句連接副詞when，where，how，why引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，在句中既是連接詞，又在從句中作狀語。where在主語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，when作時(shí)間狀語，why作原因狀語，how作方式狀語。連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句，也常用it作形式主語。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.這事是怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。Wheresheliveshasnotbeenfoundyet.還沒有找到她住在哪里。[名師提醒](1)從句的語序：在任何情況下，主語從句都用陳述語序；(2)主謂一致：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)從句作主語時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；但當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，若主句的表語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Whattheyneedislove.他們需要的是愛。Whattheyneedarebooks.他們需要的是書?！窘?jīng)典練】用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空①theywouldsupportuswasaproblem.②InthisfablegetsthegoldapplecanbeblessedbyGod.③thishappenedisnowinvestigatedbypolice.④shockedmewasthatallofthesechildrenhadnochancetogooutofthesmallvillage.⑤ofthemwillbeethenextpresidentofthiscountryisstillamystery.⑥Ithasnotbeenannouncedtheplaneistotakeoff.⑦isdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletoe.⑧oneshouldgotocollegeisagoodquestionformanyhighschoolgraduates.1.Whether2.whoever3.How4.What5.Which6.when7.It8.Why二、賓語從句(objectclause)賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中起賓語作用的從句。1．連接詞eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(從屬連詞：that，if，whether,連接代詞：who（ever），whom（ever），whose，,what（ever），which（ever）,連接副詞：when（ever），where（ver），why，how（ever）))(1)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)不充當(dāng)任何成分，也沒有含義，且通?？梢允÷浴etoldme(that)hewouldgotocollegethenextyear.他告訴我下一年他會(huì)去上大學(xué)。Weallagree(that)itwouldbeveryconvenienttogotherebybus.我們都認(rèn)為坐公共汽車去那兒將會(huì)很方便。[名師提醒]that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)通常可以省略，但在下列情況下that不能省略：①當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞that通常不可省略。Everyonecouldsee，Ibelieve，thatMikewasveryterrified.我相信人人都能看出邁克很害怕。②如果動(dòng)詞后面帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列的賓語從句，第一個(gè)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略，其余從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略。Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthateverythingwillgowell.我相信你已經(jīng)盡力了，而且一切都會(huì)順利的。(2)if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句if/whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，作“是否”講，常放在動(dòng)詞(短語)ask，care，wonder，know和findout等后面。一般情況下，兩者?？蓳Q用，在口語中多用if。Nobodyknowswhether/ifitwillraintomorrow.沒有人知道明天是否會(huì)下雨。Tomaskedwhether/ifIhadreadthebook.湯姆問我是否讀過這本書。(3)連接代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句連接代詞who，whom，what，whose，whoever，whatever等引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，既起連接作用，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等成分。Doyoueverdiscoverwhosentyoutheflowers?你弄清是誰給你送的花了嗎？Thebookwillshowyouwhatthebestwritersshouldknow.這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的作家該了解些什么。(4)連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句連接副詞when(ever)，where(ver)，how(ever)，why等引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，既起連接作用，又在從句中作狀語。Hedidn’ttellmewhenwewouldmeetagain.他沒有告訴我我們什么時(shí)候會(huì)再見面。Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.我們都不知道能在哪里買到這些新零件。2．動(dòng)詞(詞組)后的賓語從句大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞(詞組)后都可以跟賓語從句，需要注意的是：(1)在一些表示堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求等意義的動(dòng)詞后，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。這類動(dòng)詞有：一堅(jiān)持(insist)，二命令(order，mand)，三建議(suggest，propose，advise)，四要求(ask，demand，require，request)等。Sheinsistedthatshe(should)organizethetripperfectly.她堅(jiān)持要把這次旅行安排得盡善盡美。Hemandedthatallthegates(should)beshut.他命令關(guān)閉所有的大門。Isuggestedthathe(should)studyharder.我建議他應(yīng)該更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。Theteacherrequeststhatwe(should)getalongwellwitheachother.老師要求我們彼此和睦相處。(2)動(dòng)詞find，feel，consider，make，believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候，需要用it作形式賓語，而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后置。WefinditnecessarythatwepractisespokenEnglisheveryday.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)每天練習(xí)英語口語是有必要的。IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepadiaryeveryday.我每天寫日記已成了一個(gè)習(xí)慣。(3)有些動(dòng)詞短語后跟賓語從句時(shí)要先在從句前加形式賓語it。常見的這類動(dòng)詞短語有oweto，seeto，relyon，dependon等。Pleaseseetoitthatthechildrengotobedby9o’clock.請(qǐng)務(wù)必讓孩子們9點(diǎn)前上床睡覺。Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.你放心好了，他們會(huì)支持你的。(4)有些表示喜好、憎惡的動(dòng)詞后接從句作賓語時(shí)要用it作形式賓語，常見的這類動(dòng)詞有hate，like等。Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話。3．介詞后的賓語從句一般情況下，介詞后常接wh－類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。而except，but等少數(shù)介詞后可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部。【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Itrulybelievebeautyesfromwithin.②Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadshecouldstartherowncandypany.③SheaskedmeIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.④I’dappreciateitifyoucouldletmeknowinadvanceornotyouwille.⑤I’mnotsureismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.⑥Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe’salsopositiveaboutthefuturemightbring.⑦Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethantheygo.⑧—IwonderMaryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.—Byworkingouteveryday.⑨Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofitusedtocharge.⑩Readingherbiography,IwaslostinadmirationforDorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.1.that2.if/whether3.whether/if4.whether5.who6.what/whatever7.where8.how9.what10.what二．寫作精講——如何寫觀點(diǎn)類作文一、寫作分析觀點(diǎn)類作文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表意見、提出主張的文體。在寫作時(shí)，主要通過擺事實(shí)、講道理，使讀者接受作者的觀點(diǎn)。二、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)寫作步驟是：第一段，開門見山，描述現(xiàn)象或表明立場(chǎng)，提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。在中間段落，說理論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。為了使論證的層次更清晰，可以使用tobeginwith,what’smore，besides,inaddition等銜接性的詞語。最后一段再次表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。一、常用詞匯1．considerv．考慮2．regretv.后悔；遺憾3．determinev.決定4．intendv.打算5．preparev.準(zhǔn)備6．Iamconvinced我相信7．tryone’sbest盡某人最大努力8．youaresupposedto你應(yīng)當(dāng)……9．inform...of...通知某人某事10．inmyopinion依我看二、常用句式1．導(dǎo)入話題常用句型①Wehavehadadiscussionaboutwhether...我們已經(jīng)討論過是否……②Wehavehadasurveyonwhether...我們已經(jīng)調(diào)查過是否……③Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat...人們普遍關(guān)注……的問題④Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsonit.不同的人對(duì)此有不同的看法。⑤Peoplehavetakendifferentattitudestowards...人們對(duì)……有不同的態(tài)度。2．介紹觀點(diǎn)常用句型①Somepeopleholdtheview/think/believethat...有些人認(rèn)為……②Thosewhoarefor/against...thinkthat...那些支持/反對(duì)……的人認(rèn)為……③Inmyview/Inmyopinion/AsfarasI’mconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheformer/latterview.在我看來/依我看/就我而言，我堅(jiān)決支持前/后一種觀點(diǎn)。3．論證觀點(diǎn)、總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞①first/firstly/inthefirstplace/tostartwith/tobeginwith/firstofall首先；第一②second/secondly其次；第二③besides/moreover/furthermore/what’smore/inaddition此外，而且④foronething...foranother...其一……其二……⑤ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...一方面……另一方面……⑥inbrief/inshort/inaword/tosumup/inconclusion總之；簡(jiǎn)言之假定你是李華，你的美國筆友Jackson最近在考慮是否要出國留學(xué)，他來信征求你的意見。請(qǐng)你就此用英語給他寫一封100詞左右的電子郵件，闡述你的觀點(diǎn)，并給出理由(不少于三個(gè))。注意：1.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；2．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出。DearJackson，Yours，LiHua第一步審題謀篇主題出國留學(xué)的好處體裁書信(應(yīng)用文)人稱以第一人稱為主時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主布局第一段：個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)第二段：陳述理由第三段：希望采納第二步要點(diǎn)翻譯1．我認(rèn)為出國留學(xué)非常有意義。Ithinkitmakesgoodsensetostudyabroad.2．出國留學(xué)時(shí)，我們會(huì)接觸到一個(gè)外語環(huán)境，學(xué)習(xí)過程變得有趣且有效。Whilewearestudyingabroad，weexposeourselvestoaforeignlanguagesettingandthelearningprocessbeesengagingandeffective.3．浸潤在外國的不同文化中，我們能夠深入了解世界。Bathedinadifferentcultureofaforeigncountry，wecangaingreatinsightsintotheworld.4．跨文化的經(jīng)歷能夠讓我們擁有全球視野。Cross－culturalexperiencescangiveusaglobalperspective．5．出國學(xué)習(xí)讓我們走出舒適區(qū)，使我們變得更好，在我看來這是最重要的。Studyingabroadtakesusoutofourfortzoneandchangesusforthebetter,whichisthemostimportantfrommyperspective.第三步詞句升級(jí)1．用同位語從句改寫句子1Iholdtheviewthatitmakesgoodsensetostudyabroad.2．用exposure作主語改寫句子2Exposuretoaforeignlanguagesettingwhilewearestudyingabroadmakeslearningprocessengagingandeffective.3．用連詞because連接句子3、4Bathedinadifferentcultureofaforeigncountry,wecangaingreatinsightsintotheworldbecausecross－culturalexperiencescangiveusaglobalperspective.第四步連句成篇DearJackson，I’mmorethandelightedtosharemyopinion，whichIhopewillbeofsomehelptoyou.Frankly,Iholdtheviewthatitmakesgoodsensetostudyabroad.Thereasonsareasfollows.Tobeginwith,exposuretoaforeignlanguagesettingwhilewearestudyingabroadmakeslearningprocessengagingandeffective.Moreover,bathedinadifferentcultureofaforeigncountry,wecangaingreatinsightsintotheworldbecausecross－culturalexperiencescangiveusaglobalperspective.Studyingabroadtakesusoutofourfortzoneandchangesusforthebetter,whichisthemostimportantfrommyperspective.Allthingsconsidered,Ihopeyoucanchoosetostudyabroad