青島第二中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題（含答案）

青島二中2022-2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末測試高一英語第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Football:DesigningtheBeautifulGameWhetheryouareacrazyfanorsidelinesupporter,visitorstothisexhibitionwillenjoydiscoveringtheremarkabledesignstoriesbehindtheworld’sbeautifulgame.WhattoexpectTheexhibitionexploresthestorybehindfootball,showinghowdesignhasbeenusedtopushthegametonewlimits.Takeajourneythroughover500objects,filmsandinterviewsinsportingperformance,equipmentdevelopmentandstadiumdesign,andinvolveyourselfinthestoriesofclubsandgamelegends(傳奇人物)includingMessi,Pelé,GeorgeBestandDiegoMaradona.HeldbytheDesignMuseumandtheNationalFootballMuseuminManchester,theshowrevealsthemasterplanningoftheworld’smostsignificantfootballstadiums,thedesigninnovationusedintoday’sequipment,howthegraphicdesignofteambadges(徽章)andpostersshapesaclub’sidentityandhowgrassroots’effortsarepushingthesport’scommercialization.Ticketinformation※Onlinebookingisadvisedbutticketswillalsobeavailableinthebookingoffice.Lastentrytotheexhibitionis90minutesbeforethemuseumcloses.※Adultticketsarechargedfrom￡16andstudentticketsfrom￡12.Meanwhile,youcansave25%onfamilyandgrouptickets.※Presentyourexhibitionentryticketfor10%offfoodanddrinkatLondonGradeCoffeeonthegroundfloor.1．Whatcanvisitorsdoattheexhibition?A．Designateambadge. B．Interviewmasterdesigners.C．Putonfootballequipment. D．Learnaboutfamousfootballplayers.2．Howmuchshouldacouplewiththeir11-year-oldsonpayatleastforadmission?A．￡33. B．￡36. C．￡44. D．￡48.3．Whatwillvisitorsenjoywiththeticket?A．Aspecialdiscountongoodsatacafe. B．Aphotoofasignificantfootballstadium.C．AfreevisittotheNationalFootballMuseum. D．Aninvitationtoaclub’ssportingperformance.“Beautyisn'tabouthavingaprettyface,”beginsamotivationalquote.“It'sabouthavingaprettymind,aprettyheart,andaprettysoul.Oh,andprettynails!”ThatmaybeAngelaPeters'motto.LastJuly,Peters,rolledherwheelchairintoanailsalon(沙龍)attheWalmartshoppingcenterinBurtontohavehernailsdone.ButPeters,whohascerebralpalsy(腦癱),wasturnedaway.Thesalontoldherthattheywereafraiditwouldbetoodifficulttoproperlypainthernailsgiventhatherhandskeptshaking.WhatwasmeanttobeadayofbeautyforPeterswasnowadisappointment.AWalmartcashierabouttogoonherbreakhappenedtoseethis.EbonyHarrisrecognizedPetersasaWalmartregular.“She'sjustlikeeveryoneelse.Shewantstolookpretty.Sowhycan'tshe?”Harrissaid.HarrisapproachedPeters.“Doyouwantmetodoyournails?”sheasked.AsmilespreadacrossPeters'face.“Yeah!”HarrisledPetersintothesupermarket,wheretheyshoppedfornailpolish.Theysettledonacolorthatwouldcatcheveryeye.TheythenmadetheirwayintoaneighboringSubway,foundatablefortwo,andstarted.HarrisgentlytookPeters'handintohersandcarefullybeganpaintinghernails.“Shemovedherhandsalittlebit,andshekeptsayingshewassorry,”Harrissaid.“Itoldher,‘Don'tsaythat.You'refine.’ShemakesmelookatlifeandappreciateitmuchmorethanIhave.”WatchingitallwithsurpriseandadmirationwasSubwayemployeeTasiaSmith.SmithwassotakenbythescenethatshewroteaboutitonFacebook.“Shewassopatientwithher,”shewrote.“ThankstotheWalmartworkerformakingthisbeautifulgirl'sday!”4．Whydoestheauthormentionthequoteinthefirstparagraph?A．Tocomparedifferentviews. B．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.C．Toshowtheimportanceofbeauty. D．Tosharehisopinionaboutbeauty.5．ThenailsalonrefusedPeters'requestbecause.A．shehadtouseawheelchair B．theyweretoobusytoserveherC．shecouldn'tkeepherhandsstill D．theyhadn'tthecolorshewanted6．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeHarris?A．Braveandgenerous. B．Carefulandfair-minded.C．Honestandconsiderate. D．Patientandwarm-hearted.7．WhatcanbeinferredaboutTasiaSmithfromthelastparagraph?A．ShethoughthighlyofHarris'behavior.B．Shewroteathank-youlettertoWalmart.C．SheregrettednotlendingPetersahelpinghand.D．ShemisunderstoodHarris'relationshipwithPeters.TheotherdayIwasdoingsomeshoppingandahomelessman,whowasuntidyandspentmostofthetimetalkingtonoone,walkedtowardagroupofusatthecheckoutstand.Ioverheardhimsaytothemaninfrontofme,“Idon’twanttostealfromthisstore...wouldyoubuymesomefood?”Themaninfrontofmepretendednottohearhim;itwasasifhewerenotthere.Iwaitedpatientlyformyturntobequestioned,butitnevercame.SoIaskedhim,“CanIbuyyousomethingtoeat?”Hegladlyaccepted.Themangotabagandbeganputtingcupcakesinthebag.AsmythingswerebeingrungupIwatchedthemanputthecupcakesintothebag;1,2,3...HefinallystoppedandIaskedhimhowmanyhehadgotandhereplied6.Thecashierlookedatmeinsurpriseandthenaddedthemtomyorder.AfterIwasthrough,themanwaswalkingaroundthestore;hesaidhewantedsomethingtodrink,too.Thecashierseemedtobekeepingacloseeyeonhim.IadmitIwastoo,asIdidn’twanthimtostealanythingeither!ItoldthecashierthatifhegotadrinkI’djustpayforit.Intheend,webothendedupleavingthestore,buthestoodrightoutsideholdingthecupcakesandtalkingtohimself.Ormaybehewastalkingwithsomeonewhohethoughtwasthere.Thisman’scircumstances(處境)mademesad.Howmanyofourhomelessalsosufferfromamentalillness?Maybethat’sevenwhatledhimtobehomeless.IalsothoughtaboutthewatchfuleyethecashierandIkeptoverhim.Maybefordifferentreasons,Istillhopetorunintohimagainsomeday,andmaybewecansitdownandhavelunchtogether.8．Whatdidtheothermandowhenaskedbythehomelessman?A．Hegavehimsomemoneyforfood. B．Hewalkedhimtothecheckoutstand.C．Hedidnotreacttohisrequestatall. D．Heofferedtobuyhimsomecupcakes.9．Whydidthecashierkeepacloseeyeonthehomelessman?A．Becausehedoubtedifatheftmighthappen.B．Becausehethoughtthemanmightneedhelp.C．Becauseitwashisdutytowatchthecustomers.D．Becauseithelpedspeedupthecheck-outprocess.10．Whatdidthehomelessmandoafterleavingthestore?A．Hethankedtheauthor. B．HespoketohimselfC．Hetalkedwithsomeone. D．Heatethecupcakes.11．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Positive. B．Honest. C．Caring. D．Responsible.Asmallgroupofpaleontologists(古生物學(xué)家)recentlydiscovered10speciesofancientmammalspreviouslyunknowntosciencewiththehelpofanenormousnumberofhelpersattheirdigsite:ants.ThestudyofancientmammalsshedsnewlightonthediversityofmammalsthatexistedinNorthAmericaaround33millionto35millionyearsago,whentheclimatewaschangingdrastically.Italsopaysattentiontotheharvesterants,withwhichresearchershavelonghadalove-haterelationship.“Theantsarenotfantasticwhenthey’rebitingyou,”saidSamanthaHopkins,aprofessorofEarthSciencesattheUniversityofOregon.“ButI’vegottoappreciatethembecausetheymakemyjobawholeloteasier.”Mostspeciesofharvesterantsliveinsubterraneancavesthatsitbeneathasmallhillofdirt.Theystrengthenthedirtbycoveringitwithbitsofrockandothertoughmaterials.Theantshavebeenknowntotraveloverahundredfeetfromtheircavesandtodigsixfeetdeepinpursuitofmaterialsthathelpsecuretheircaves.Thematerialsincludefossils.Harvesterantscancarrymaterials10timesto50timestheweightoftheirbody,althoughtheydonotweighverymuch,sotheheaviestfossiltheycancollectweighslessthantheaveragepill.Giventhesize,harvesteranthillsarehotspotsforwhatscientistscallmicrovertebrate(微型脊椎動物)fossils,whichareanimalfossilstoosmalltoseewithoutamicroscope.Foroveracentury,scientistslikeDr.Hopkinshavefoundsediment(沉積物)offthesidesofharvesteranthillsinsearchofthesefossils,makingiteasiertofindlargenumbersoffossilizedmammalteethwithoutspendinghoursinthefieldsiftingthroughsandanddirt.12．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tocomparetwodifferentspecies.B．Toprovideevidencefordiscoveries.C．Tointroduceakindofantasahelper.D．Topromoteawarenessofmammalprotection.13．Whichaspectmayinfluencethediversityofmammalsinthepast?A．Climatechange. B．Antnumbers.C．Cavematerials. D．Dirtlocations.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subterranean”meaninparagraph3?A．Coastal. B．Suburban. C．Mountainous. D．Underground.15．Whatcanwelearnabouttheharvesterantsfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Theircavesaremilesdeep. B．Materialswithfossilsaretheirfood.C．Theycancarrypillsaround. D．Fossilsmaybefoundaroundtheirhills.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Everyoneatsometimefeelsthattheirlifeisgoingnowhere-andfast.____16____thenitistimetodosomethingtoincreasethequalityofyourlife.So,don'twastetime.Followthelistofthingsnowtomakeyourlifebetterandmoreenjoyable.TreatyourselfItdoesn'tmatterifit'samealout,avisittoatheater,orapamperingvisittoaspa.Makethefirstthingyoudoatreatthatyouhavebeenexpectingforsometime.____17____TakeupahobbyHobbiesarebrilliantforgivingyousomethingdifferenttodothatyouenjoy.____18____devotetimetojustsittingwithabook.Thewholepointofahobbyisthatitissomethingforyou,soitdoesn'tmatterwhatitisaslongasyouenjoyitandcanbeabsorbedbyit.Learnaskill____19____Youwillfeelasenseofachievementthatwillboostyourself-image.Agreatwaytolearnaskillistojoinaclass.Notonlywillyoulearn,butyouwillmakenewfriends.Whetherit'slearningaforeignlanguageorplayingamusicalinstrument,therewillbeaclassnearyourhome.____20____Ifyouareluckyenoughtohavealovedoneinyourlifewhobrightensyourdaywhenyouspeaktothem,givethemacall.Itiseasytoletdaysandweeksgobywithoutmakingcontact.Youwillfeelbetterformakingcommunication,andthenfeelmuchmorepositiveaftertalkingtothem.A．Ifyoudofeelthat,B．Ifyoulovetoread,C．Saveupforsomethingspecial.D．CommunicatewithalovedoneE．It'shardtoorganizesometimeinyourday.F．Don'tmakeexcusesaboutnothavingtimeormoney.G．Learninganewskillisoneofthemostsatisfyingthingsyoucando.第二部分 語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Mytwo-year-oldandIwereonthetrainfromCarlisletoManchester.Itwasaspring____21____.Thenalongcameanolderlady,witha____22____lookonherface.Sheaskedother____23____iftheyhadseenhercase(箱子).Shewasgoingfromcompartment(車廂)tocompartment,lookingforit.Alad(youngman)sittingclosetous____24____,putahandonhershoulderandsaid,“Don’tworry.I’llhelpyoufindit.“Thepairsetabout____25____.Abouthalfanhourlater,herstationcame,andwent,andstillitwasn’tfound.Shestartedto____26____.Hegaveherasofthug(擁抱)and____27____hewouldstaywithhertillthecasewasfoundanduntilshegottowhereshewasgoing,____28____ittookanotherday.Sheaskedhimabouthis____29____andsaidshewasworriedabouthistrip.Hesaiditdidn’tmatter.Hewouldn’t_____30_____her.Thentheywentofftofindthe_____31_____.Overthenexthour,we_____32_____asthecasewasfound,andthetwoworkedoutaplanforhowtogetherbacktoher_____33_____.Theladhadfoundadoubleseatinfrontofus._____34_____theytoldmewiththehelpoftheconductor(列車長),thecasewasfinallydiscoveredinanothercompartment.Thenthetwospenttherestofthenighthavingthe_____35_____chataboutinterestingthingstheyhadbothdoneintheirlives.ItwasthesweetestthingIhaveeverexperienced.21．A．evening B．morning C．a(chǎn)fternoon D．noon22．A．satisfied B．a(chǎn)ngry C．worried D．doubtful23．A．tourists B．customers C．kids D．passengers24．A．turnedaround B．stoodup C．movedaway D．cooleddown25．A．working B．checking C．searching D．learning26．A．cry B．chat C．laugh D．run27．A．a(chǎn)greed B．regretted C．believed D．promised28．A．nowthat B．evenif C．inorderthat D．solongas29．A．decisions B．opinions C．suggestions D．plans30．A．leave B．keep C．see D．forget31．A．owner B．officer C．conductor D．driver32．A．a(chǎn)rrived B．watched C．slept D．stayed33．A．country B．seat C．room D．station34．A．Happily B．Surprisingly C．Nervously D．Crazily35．A．shortest B．quietest C．loveliest D．easiest第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。FormanypeopleofAsiandescent(血統(tǒng))livingoverseas,aFacebookgroupcalledSubtleAsianTraitshasbecomeoneofthepopularcultural____36____(phenomenon).Itsjokesandmemes—aboutlifeasafirst-generationmigrant—havemadethepage____37____(wild)popular.Almostamillionpeople____38____(join)thegroupsinceitbegan.Theposts,____39____canbemadebyanyone,havehadconversationsaboutculturalidentity.ItwasfoundedbynineChinese-AustralianhighschoolstudentslivinginMelbourne.AnneGu,18,oneofthe____40____(found),saidtheyweredelightedwhenthegrouphit1,000membersbutnowit’sgonecrazily.“Wedidn’tthinkatallthatitwouldgetthisbig,orsoserious,”shesaid,____41____(refer)toitsgrowthinto____42____onlinecommunityforpeopleofAsiandescent.Thepostsspanarangeoftopics,buttheyoftenfocusonAsianculture____43____(experience)bythechildrenofmigrants.That’s____44____mostmembersareyoungpeoplefromAustralia,theUS,CanadaandtheUK,ratherthanthoselivinginAsia.AnneGubelievesthatthepageissopopularbecauseitidentifiesjustlittlethingsinourlives____45____noonetalkedaboutbefore.寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46．假定你是李華，媽媽是一家旅館的接待員。上周一，你跟隨媽媽去上班，體驗她一天的工作。請就此寫一篇日記。內(nèi)容包括：1.媽媽一天的工作；2.你的感想。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)（滿分25分）讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。IwasinWaltDisneyWorldwithmyson,Daniel,whoisautistic(患自閉癥的),andatthattimehewas7yearsold.Mywifeandourthreeothersonswerewithustoo.Hewashavingoneofhismeltdownscreamingtantrums(發(fā)怒),onlyGodknowswhy.SomywifeandIdecidedIwouldtakethebusbacktothehotel,andshewouldstayintheparkwiththeotherthreechildren.Afterwegotonthebus,thescreamingcontinued.Mysonlooks“normal”.Tothemanypeopleonthebus,heappearedtojustbeakidscreamingoraspoiledchildwhodidnotgethisspecialtoythatday.Itdidnottakelonglessthanaminutebeforethescreamingbroughtaboutstares,thenglaresfromtheotherpassengers.注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好。Tomyshame,Ifoundmyselflosingmytemperatmyownson________Hesaidcalmly,“Ishealright?”Isaid,“He’sautistic.”______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案1．D

2．A

3．A這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了英國倫敦設(shè)計博物館和國家足球博物館舉辦的一場展出“足球：設(shè)計美麗的運動”。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whattoexpect”部分中的“Takeajourneythroughover500objects,filmsandinterviewsinsportingperformance,equipmentdevelopmentandstadiumdesign,andinvolveyourselfinthestoriesofclubsandgamelegendsincludingMessi,Pelé,GeorgeBestandDiegoMaradona.(通過500多件物品、電影和體育表演、設(shè)備開發(fā)和體育場設(shè)計的采訪，讓自己沉浸在俱樂部和比賽傳奇?zhèn)髌嫒宋锏墓适轮校肺?、貝利、喬治·貝斯特和迭戈·馬拉多納。)”可知，參觀者在展覽會上可以了解到包括梅西、貝利、喬治·貝斯特和迭戈·馬拉多納在內(nèi)的足壇人物的故事。故選D項。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ticketinformation”部分中的“Adultticketsarechargedfrom￡16andstudentticketsfrom￡12.Meanwhile,youcansave25%onfamilyandgrouptickets.(成人票16英鎊起，學(xué)生票12英鎊起。同時，你可以節(jié)省25%的家庭和團體票。)”可知，家庭團體票可以享受七五折優(yōu)惠。因此一對夫妻（2名成年人）和一名11歲兒子（1名學(xué)生）至少應(yīng)支付的費用為(16×2+12)×0.75=33(英鎊)。故選A項。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ticketinformation”部分中的“Presentyourexhibitionentryticketfor10%offfoodanddrinkatLondonGradeCoffeeonthegroundfloor.(出示參展門票，可在一樓的倫敦高級咖啡享受9折餐飲優(yōu)惠)”可知，參觀者在一樓咖啡廳購買食物和飲料時憑門票可享受折扣優(yōu)惠。故選A項。4．B

5．C

6．D

7．A這是一篇記敘文。文章講述患有腦癱的Peters，想要到沃爾瑪購物中心的一家美甲沙龍里去做指甲，卻被拒之門外。因為疾病的原因，她不能讓手靜止，當(dāng)時沃爾瑪正要休息的職員Harris看見了這一幕，熱心地幫助她做了美甲，讓她度過了美好的一天。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Beautyisn'tabouthavingaprettyface,”beginsamotivationalquote.“It'sabouthavingaprettymind,aprettyheart,andaprettysoul.Oh,andprettynails!”可知一段勵志名言開頭是這樣說的：“美麗并不意味著有一張漂亮的臉，還意味著漂亮的心靈和靈魂，哦，還有漂亮的指甲！”接著后文講述了患有腦癱的Peters，想要到沃爾瑪購物中心的一家美甲沙龍里去做指甲，卻被拒之門外。因為疾病的原因，她不能讓手靜止，當(dāng)時沃爾瑪正要休息的職員Harris看見了這一幕，熱心地幫助她做美甲這個故事。由此可推知，作者在文章首段引用那句關(guān)于美的名言是為了引出文章的主題。故選B。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Thesalontoldherthattheywereafraiditwouldbetoodifficulttoproperlypainthernailsgiventhatherhandskeptshaking.WhatwasmeanttobeadayofbeautyforPeterswasnowadisappointment.可知美容院告訴她，由于她的手一直在抖，他們擔(dān)心很難給她好好地涂指甲。對Peters來說，這本來是一個美麗的日子，現(xiàn)在卻令人失望。由此可知，這家美甲店拒絕了Peters的美甲請求是因為Peters的手一直抖個不停。故選C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中EbonyHarrisrecognizedPetersasaWalmartregular.“She'sjustlikeeveryoneelse.Shewantstolookpretty.Sowhycan'tshe?”Harrissaid.(EbonyHarris承認Peters是沃爾瑪?shù)某？汀！八推渌藳]什么兩樣。她想看起來漂亮。為什么她不能做美甲呢？”Harris說)以及最后一段中“Shewassopatientwithher,”shewrote.“ThankstotheWalmartworkerformakingthisbeautifulgirl'sday!”(“她對她很有耐心，”她寫道?！案兄x沃爾瑪?shù)墓ぷ魅藛T讓這個美麗的女生節(jié)變得如此美好!”)由此可推知，Harris幫助了被美甲店拒絕的Peters，答應(yīng)給她美甲，而且非常有耐心。Harris有一副熱心腸且非常有耐心。故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Shewassopatientwithher,”shewrote.“ThankstotheWalmartworkerformakingthisbeautifulgirl'sday!”可知“她對她很有耐心，”她寫道?！案兄x沃爾瑪?shù)墓ぷ魅藛T讓這個美麗的女孩度過了美好的一天!”由此可推知，TasiaSmith高度贊揚了Harris的行為。故選A。8．C

9．A

10．B

11．C本文是一篇記敘文。作者在商店購物時遇到了一個流浪漢，當(dāng)時這個流浪漢要求顧客為他購買食物。其他顧客沒有理會他，但作者卻幫助了他，為他買了食物和飲品。作者在文章最后表達了他對無家可歸的人的同情和關(guān)愛。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Themaninfrontofmepretendednottohearhim;itwasasifhewerenotthere.(我面前的男人假裝沒聽見；就好像他不在那里一樣)”可知，在作者前面的男人根本沒有回應(yīng)那個無家可歸的人的要求。故選C。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中第三、四句“Thecashierseemedtobekeepingacloseeyeonhim.IadmitIwastoo,asIdidn’twanthimtostealanythingeither!(收銀員似乎在密切注視著他。我承認我也是，因為我也不想讓他偷東西)”可知，我和收銀員都擔(dān)心那個無家可歸的人會偷東西。故選A。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Intheend,webothendedupleavingthestore,buthestoodrightoutsideholdingthecupcakesandtalkingtohimself.Ormaybehewastalkingwithsomeonewhohethoughtwasthere.(最后，我們倆最終都離開了商店，但他站在外面拿著紙杯蛋糕自言自語?；蛘?，也許他正在和他認為在那里的人交談)”可知，那個無家可歸的人離開商店后在自言自語。故選B。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Thisman’scircumstances(處境)saddenedme.(這個人的處境使我傷心)”和末尾“Maybefordifferentreasons,butstillIhopetorunintohimagainsomeday.Maybewecansitdownandhavelunchtogether.(也許是因為不同的原因，但我還是希望有一天能再次遇到他。也許我們可以坐下來一起吃午飯)”以及文中所描述的作者對這個無家可歸的人的幫助，可知作者是一位關(guān)心他人的人。故選C。12．C

13．A

14．D

15．D這是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了最近古生物學(xué)家開始利用螞蟻來幫助自己尋找和收集化石，盡管螞蟻很小而且還會咬人，但它仍然發(fā)揮了極大的作用。螞蟻的幫助不僅減輕了古生物學(xué)家的負擔(dān)，也加快了古生物化石的發(fā)掘進度。【詳解】1.推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是文章第一段“Asmallgroupofpaleontologists(古生物學(xué)家)recentlydiscovered10speciesofancientmammalspreviouslyunknowntosciencewiththehelpofanenormousnumberofhelpersattheirdigsite:ants.(最近，一小群古生物學(xué)家在他們挖掘現(xiàn)場的大量幫手——螞蟻的幫助下，發(fā)現(xiàn)了10種以前科學(xué)界不知道的古代哺乳動物。)”和第二段中““Theantsarenotfantasticwhenthey’rebitingyou,”saidSamanthaHopkins,aprofessorofEarthSciencesattheUniversityofOregon.“ButI’vegottoappreciatethembecausetheymakemyjobawholeloteasier.”(俄勒岡大學(xué)地球科學(xué)教授SamanthaHopkins說：“當(dāng)螞蟻咬你的時候，它們并不是很奇妙?！薄暗冶仨毟屑に麄?，因為它們讓我的工作輕松了很多?！?”可知，本文主要講述了最近古生物學(xué)家開始利用螞蟻來幫助自己尋找和收集化石。由此可知，這篇文章的目的是介紹作為古生物學(xué)家助手的一種螞蟻。故選C項。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“ThestudyofancientmammalsshedsnewlightonthediversityofmammalsthatexistedinNorthAmericaaround33millionto35millionyearsago,whentheclimatewaschangingdrastically.(這項對古代哺乳動物的研究揭示了大約3300萬到3500萬年前氣候劇烈變化時北美洲哺乳動物的多樣性。)”可知，古生物學(xué)家對古代哺乳動物的研究進一步揭示了以前哺乳動物的多樣性，那時氣候正發(fā)生劇烈變化，由此可推知，氣候可能會影響哺乳動物的多樣性。故選A項。3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句中的“Mostspeciesofharvesterantsliveinsubterraneancaves(大多數(shù)種類的收獲蟻生活在subterranean洞穴中)”可知，此句是在介紹收獲蟻的居住環(huán)境。再根據(jù)畫線單詞下文“thatsitbeneathasmallhillofdirt(洞穴位于小土丘下面)”可知，此處用that引導(dǎo)的定語從句來解釋說明洞穴，即洞穴位于地下洞穴中，由此可推斷，畫線詞意為“地下的”，與D項“Underground(地下的)”意思一樣。故選D項。4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thematerialsincludefossils.(這些材料包括化石。)”以及第四段中“Foroveracentury,scientistslikeDr.Hopkinshavefoundsediment(沉積物)offthesidesofharvesteranthillsinsearchofthesefossils,makingiteasiertofindlargenumbersoffossilizedmammalteethwithoutspendinghoursinthefieldsiftingthroughsandanddirt.(一個多世紀(jì)以來，像Hopkins博士這樣的科學(xué)家一直在采集蟻丘兩側(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)沉積物，以尋找這些化石，這使得不用花費數(shù)小時在田野里篩選沙土，就能更容易地找到大量哺乳動物牙齒化石。)”可知，科學(xué)家們從收獲蟻在洞穴上堆起的小山周圍找到了微型脊椎動物化石。故選D項。16．A

17．F

18．B

19．G

20．D這是一篇說明文，主要就如何使我們的生活更美好提出一些具體建議。16．根據(jù)前文“Everyoneatsometimefeelsthattheirlifeisgoingnowhere-andfast.(每個人都會有時感到他們的生活匆匆忙忙，迷茫無措)”可知，人們經(jīng)常會在生活中遇到迷茫無措的困境和下文“thenitistimetodosomethingtoincreasethequalityofyourlife.(那么現(xiàn)在你就該做些事情，改善你的生活質(zhì)量)”可知，A選項句“Ifyoudofeelthat,(如果你有那樣的感受)”承接上文，針對人們的困境引出下文的建議，符合上下文聯(lián)系，故選A項。17．根據(jù)前文“Makethefirstthingyoudoatreatthatyouhavebeenexpectingforsometime.(首先要做的就是用期盼已久的事情犒勞自己)”可知，讓自己的生活更美好的方式之一是時不時犒賞下自己，做讓自己喜悅的事情。F選項句“Don'tmakeexcusesaboutnothavingtimeormoney.(不要找借口說自己沒有錢或沒有時間)”承接上文，告誡讀者不要找借口耽擱犒賞自己這件事。故選F項。18．根據(jù)前文小標(biāo)題“Takeupahobby(培養(yǎng)一項愛好)”后文“devotetimetojustsittingwithabook.(花時間靜坐下來讀一本書)”可知，作者提出：讀者可以堅持自己的一項愛好，比如閱讀。B選項句“Ifyoulovetoread,(如果你喜歡閱讀)”符合文意，故選B項。19．根據(jù)段落小標(biāo)題“Learnaskill(學(xué)習(xí)一項技能)”和下文“Youwillfeelasenseofachievementthatwillboostyourself-image.(你將感到一種能夠提升自我形象的成就感)”可知，該處表述學(xué)習(xí)一項新技能給你帶來的益處。G項“Learninganewskillisoneofthemostsatisfyingthingsyoucando.(學(xué)習(xí)一項新技能是你可以做的最有滿足感的事之一)”符合文意，故選G項。20．根據(jù)前文段落小標(biāo)題“Treatyourself(犒勞自己)”和“Learnaskill(學(xué)習(xí)一項技能)”可知，該空格處作小標(biāo)題，也應(yīng)為祈使句句式結(jié)構(gòu)。且由后文“Ifyouareluckyenoughtohavealovedoneinyourlifewhobrightensyourdaywhenyouspeaktothem,givethemacall.(如果你足夠幸運，有一個能夠只要通過聊天就能點亮你的生活的人，那么給他們打個電話吧)”可知，該段建議讀者與關(guān)愛的人時常保持溝通。D項選項句“Communicatewithalovedone(與你在乎關(guān)愛的人保持溝通)”符合文意，故選D項。21．C

22．C

23．D

24．B

25．C

26．A

27．D

28．B

29．D

30．A

31．C

32．C

33．D

34．A

35．B這是一篇記敘文。本文描寫作者在在乘坐火車的過程中看到的好人好事，一位老婦人丟失了自己的行李箱，最終在同車的好心人幫助下她找回了行李。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我和我兩歲的孩子坐在從卡萊爾到曼徹斯特的火車上。這是一個春天的下午。A.evening晚上；B.morning早晨；C.afternoon下午；D.noon正午。根據(jù)下文第三段“Overthenexthour”以及“Thenthetwospenttherestofthenight”可知，過了一小時后就到晚上，他們找了整個晚上，故推斷之前時間是下午。故選C項。22．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這時來了一位老太太，臉上帶著憂慮的神色。A.satisfied滿意的；B.angry生氣的；C.worried憂慮的；D.doubtful懷疑的。根據(jù)下文提到“Sheaskedotherpassengersiftheyhadseenhercase(箱子).Shewasgoingfromcompartment(車廂)tocompartment,lookingforit.”可知，這位老婦人是因為箱子不見了，在詢問別人是否看到她的箱子，因此此處神態(tài)應(yīng)該是憂慮的。故選C項。23．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她問其他乘客是否見過她的箱子。A.tourists游客；B.customers顧客；C.kids孩子；D.passengers乘客。根據(jù)下文“Shewasgoingfromcompartment(車廂)tocompartment,lookingforit.”可知，她在火車上車廂之間找自己的箱子，應(yīng)該是問乘坐火車的旅客們是否看到她的箱子。故選D項。24．考查短語詞義辨析。句意：坐在我們旁邊的一個小伙子(年輕人)站起來，把手放在她的肩膀上說:“別擔(dān)心。我會幫你找到的。”A.turnedaround轉(zhuǎn)向；B.stoodup站起來；C.movedaway移開；D.cooleddown冷靜。根據(jù)“Alad(youngman)sittingclosetous”以及“Thepairsetaboutsearching”可知，這個幫助老婦人的年輕人原本是坐在作者旁邊的，但是現(xiàn)在為了幫助找箱子，所以站起來了。故選B項。25．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人開始搜尋。A.working工作；B.checking檢查；C.searching搜尋；D.learning學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)下文“Abouthalfanhourlater,herstationcame,andwent,andstillitwasn’tfound.”可知，年輕人答應(yīng)幫忙開始，他兩人就開始搜尋了。故選C項。26．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她開始哭泣。A.cry哭泣；B.chat聊天；C.laugh大笑；D.run跑步。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，這兩人找了很久都沒有找到箱子，而且老婦人的站點都已經(jīng)到了，所以這里可以推斷老婦人的情緒更加不好了，可能開始哭泣了。故選A項。27．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他給了她一個溫柔的擁抱，并承諾即使再花一天時間，他會一直陪著她，直到找到箱子以及直到她到達她要去的地方。A.agreed同意；B.regretted后悔；C.believed相信；D.promised承諾。根據(jù)下文“Hesaiditdidn’tmatter.Hewouldn’tleaveher.”可知，年輕人對老婦人做出了承諾，他會一直陪伴著她找到箱子。故選D項。28．考查短語詞義辨析。句意：他給了她一個溫柔的擁抱，并承諾即使再花一天時間，他會一直陪著她，直到找到箱子以及直到她到達她要去的地方。A.nowthat既然；B.evenif即使；C.inorderthat為了；D.solongas只要。根據(jù)語境，這里是讓步狀語從句，表達年輕人的承諾，即便會多花點時間，他也會陪著這位老婦人直到找到她的箱子，去到她想去的地方。故選B項。29．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她問了他的計劃，并說她擔(dān)心他的旅行。A.decisions決定；B.opinions觀點；C.suggestions建議；D.plans計劃。根據(jù)上文語境可知，這個年輕人也是火車上的乘客之一，說明他也是計劃要去什么地方，現(xiàn)在幫助老婦人找箱子，還不確定需要花多少時間，所以老婦人擔(dān)心年輕人自己的旅行計劃。故選D項。30．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他不會離開她的。A.leave離開；B.keep保持；C.see看見；D.forget忘記。根據(jù)上文“Hesaiditdidn’tmatter.”可知，年輕人安慰老婦人不用擔(dān)心他的旅程，并且年輕人也承諾了要幫助老婦人找到自己的箱子，他是不會提前離開她的。故選A項。31．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他們?nèi)フ伊熊囬L。A.owner擁有者；B.officer官員；C.conductor列車長；D.driver司機。根據(jù)下文“Happilytheytoldmewiththehelpoftheconductor(列車長),thecasewasfinallydiscoveredinanothercompartment.”可知，他們?nèi)フ伊熊囬L尋求幫助。故選C項。32．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來的一個小時里，我們睡著了因為箱子找到了，然后兩個人制定了一個計劃，如何讓老婦人回到她要去的站。A.arrived到達；B.watched觀看；C.slept睡覺；D.stayed停留。根據(jù)句意可知，因為箱子找到了，大家心情都比較放松，而且下文出現(xiàn)了“therestofthenight”說明現(xiàn)在已是晚上，所以我們睡了。故選C項。33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來的一個小時里，我們睡著了因為箱子找到了，然后兩個人制定了一個計劃，如何讓老婦人回到她要去的站。A.country國家；B.seat座位；C.room房間；D.station站臺。根據(jù)上文“Abouthalfanhourlater,herstationcame,andwent,andstillitwasn’tfound.”可知，為了找箱子，老婦人并沒有在自己要下的站臺下車，因此她坐過站了，而此處應(yīng)該是列車長幫助她回到她想去的站臺。故選D項。34．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：令人高興的是，他們告訴我，在列車長的幫助下，箱子終于在另一個車廂被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。A.Happily開心地；B.Surprisingly吃驚地；C.Nervously緊張地；D.Crazily瘋狂地。根據(jù)“thecasewasfinallydiscovered”可知，箱子找到了，所以大家都很開心。故選A項。35．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：接下來的時間里，兩人安靜地聊著各自生活中做過的有趣的事情。A.shortest最短的；B.quietest最安靜的；C.loveliest最可愛的；D.easiest最容易的。根據(jù)“therestofthenight”可知，現(xiàn)在已是晚上，大家可能都在睡覺，為了不打擾其他人所以兩人聊天用最低聲音聊天。故選B項。36．phenomena

37．wildly

38．havejoined

39．which

40．founders

41．referring

42．a(chǎn)n

43．experienced

44．why

45．that這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了對于許多生活在海外的亞裔來說，F(xiàn)acebook上一個名為“微妙的亞洲特質(zhì)”的群組已經(jīng)成為一種流行的文化現(xiàn)象。文章主要介紹了這個群組的一些情況，這些帖子涉及一系列的話題，它們往往聚焦于移民子女所體驗到的亞洲文化。36．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：對于許多生活在海外的亞裔來說，一個名為“微妙的亞洲特質(zhì)”的Facebook群組已經(jīng)成為一種流行的文化現(xiàn)象。oneof后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“……之一”，phenomenon的復(fù)數(shù)形式為phenomena。故填phenomena。37．考查副詞。句意：它的笑話和表情包——關(guān)于第一代移民的生活——讓這個頁面廣受歡迎?？仗帒?yīng)填副詞形式修飾形容詞popular。故填wildly。38．考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：自該它出現(xiàn)以來，已有近100萬人加入。根據(jù)時間狀語從句“sinceitbegan”可知，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語people表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，助動詞用have。故填havejoined。39．考查定語從句。句意：任何人都可以發(fā)布這些帖子，討論關(guān)于文化認同?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是posts，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。40．考查名詞。句意：18歲的AnneGu是該團體的創(chuàng)立者之一，她說當(dāng)這個團體的成員達到1000人時，他們都很高興，但現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)變得瘋狂了。根據(jù)“AnneGu”可知，空處應(yīng)填表示人的名詞，founder創(chuàng)立者，可數(shù)名詞，oneof后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填founders。41．考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：“我們完全沒有想到它會發(fā)展得這么大，這么嚴(yán)肅，”她說，提到它已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個面向亞裔的在線社區(qū)。動詞refer和邏輯主語she之間是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填referring。42．考查不定冠詞。句意同上。community是可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指“一個在線社區(qū)”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且online發(fā)音是以元音音素開頭，故填an。43．考查過去分詞。句意：這些帖子涵蓋了一系列話題，但它們通常聚焦于移民子女所經(jīng)歷的亞洲文化。動詞experience和culture之間是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。故填experienced。44．考查表語從句。句意：這就是為什么大多數(shù)會員是來自澳大利亞、美國、加拿大和英國的年輕人，而不是生活在亞洲的人?？仗幰龑?dǎo)表語從句，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示原因，應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)