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英語句子成分講解1句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語2一、主語(subject):
句子說明的人或事物。表示所說的“是誰”或“是什么”。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名詞)Helikesdancing.(代詞)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)Seeingisbelieving.(動名詞)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主語從句)ThesunHe
TwentyyearsSeeingToseeWhatheneeds3指出下列句中主語.
①Theteacheriswalkingintotheclassroomwithtwoofhisstudents.
________________
②Thereisanoldmancominghere.________________
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.________________
④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.________________TheteacheranoldmanTheusefuldictionaryTodotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelp4二、謂語(predicate):說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征:說明主語“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么樣”。WestudyEnglish.We
are
students.
Theboykeepstalking.Thedogisdead.studyarekeepsis5選出句中謂語.
①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.____________
②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.
_______________
③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?
____________
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
____________⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
____________
don'tlikegetgowillbehave6⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.
_____________
⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.
___________⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.
____________⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.
_____________⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?
____________didn'tdoissend
isgive7三、表語(predicative):系動詞之后的成分,表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征,說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。常見的系動詞有:be,sound(聽起來),look(看起來),feel(摸起來),smell(聞起來),taste(嘗、吃來),remain(保持,仍是)feel(感覺),get,become,turnHeisateacher.Itsoundsinteresting.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodtastesgood.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.ateacherinterestingthingooddeliciousopentired8挑出下列句中的表語
1Theoldman
wasfeelingverytired.
2Theleaves
haveturned
yellow.
3SoonTheyallbecame
interestedinthesubject
4She
was
thefirsttolearnaboutit.
主語謂語表語主語謂語主語主語表語謂語謂語表語表語9四、賓語:賓語是動作、行為的對象,在句中主要充當動作的承受者,在謂語之后(一般皆置于及物動詞和介詞之后),They
went
to
see
an
exhibitionyesterday.The
heavy
rain
prevented
me
from
coming
to
school
on
time.He
pretended
not
to
see
me.I
enjoy
listening
to
popular
music.I
think(that)it
is
fit
for
his
office.anexhibitionmenottoseemelisteningtopopularmusicitisfitforhisoffice10雙賓語——間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.
Givethepoormansomemoney.Passmetheruler,please!HetoldTomthenewsyesterday.meabookthepoormansomemoneymetherulerTom
thenews11挑出下列句中的賓語
①Mybrotherhasn‘tdonehishomework.
______________②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
___________________③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
_____________________________④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
_____________________⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
______________________
hishomeworkEnglish.yourpronunciationnewwordstogoswimming12⑥Theoldmansaidhewasill.
_______________⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.
_______________⑧Goonandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.
__________________⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.
________________⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.
____________________hewasill.himthemuseum
itwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.
13五。賓語補足語(賓補)
用來對賓語進行補充和說明的成分.
Wecallhimmonkey.Ifindthebookinteresting.Theteacheraskedhimtocleantheclassroomafterschool.Hesawsomeboysplayingfootballinthepark.Hermotherkeptherintheroom.定語定語是用來說明名詞(代詞)的品質(zhì)與特征的詞或一組詞。定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。monkeyinterestingtocleantheclassroomafterschool.playingfootballintheroom141.His
father
named
him
Dongming.
2.They
painted
their
boat
white.3Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
4.
It
is
our
duty
to
keep
our
classroom
clean
.
5.
He
noticed
a
man
entering
the
room.Dongmingwhitetotaketheboyoutofschoolclean
entering
the
room.15六。
定語
修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。
1.Guilin
is
a
beautifulcity.2.China
is
a
developing
country.3.Our
monitor
is
always
the
first
to
enter
the
classroom.4.Thebikeunderthetreeismine.5.ThebookthatIamreadingisveryinteresting.
beautifuldeveloping
to
enter
the
classroom.underthetreeIamreading161.They
use
Mr.
Mrs.
with
the
family
name.2.Therearefortystudentsinourclass.
3.The
man
downstairs
was
trying
to
sleep.4.Hewasthelasttoleavetheroom.5.Doyouknowthegirlwithlonghair?
familyfortyourdownstairs
toleavetheroomwithlonghair176.TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.7.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.8.Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.playingfootballplantedlastyeartodoitwellthatIdot18七、狀語:用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞,或句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.Hestudieshard
tolearnEnglishwell.19Hedidn’tstudyhard
sothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpassexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.20①Therewasabigsmileonherface.
②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.
onherfaceEverynightwhenhewaseleven.
toofast.
21⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,Misslihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedunclewangtoseetheothermachineWiththemedicineboxunderherarmbecauseshelovesbooks
ifyou'velostittoseetheothermachine221.He
isrunning.
2.I
haveseen
themovie..3.Thelittleboy
isasking
theteacher
allkindsof
questions.
4.She
seemed
angry.
5.Myfather
bought
me
abeautifulpresent.
.主語謂語謂語主語主語謂語賓語間接賓語直接賓語主語謂語表語主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語236.Whydoyou
keep
youreyes
closed?
主語謂語賓語賓補
7.Willyou
tell
us
anexcitingstory?
主語謂語間賓直賓
8.We
mustclean
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