Unit3-高二英語(yǔ)單元速記巧練（譯林版2020選擇性）（原卷版）

Unit3Backtothepast(選擇性必修第三冊(cè))Unit3話題歷史事件和歷史人物詞匯1.breadthn.寬度；廣泛2.convincevt.使確信，使相信；說(shuō)服，勸說(shuō)3.voyagen.航海，航行，航天vi.航行，遠(yuǎn)行4.fleetn.艦隊(duì)；捕魚(yú)船隊(duì)；車隊(duì)5.navigatevt.航行；導(dǎo)航vi.導(dǎo)航6.onbehalfof代表（或代替）；為幫助；為了7.loadvt.&vi.裝上，裝入n.負(fù)載；承載量；大量8.passn.羅盤(pán)，指南針；圓規(guī)9.logn.航海日志，正式記錄；原木vi.&vt.伐木10.strengthenvt.&vi.加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)11.harmoniousadj.友好和睦的；協(xié)調(diào)的，和諧的12.dismissvt.不予考慮，對(duì)……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散13.proofn.證據(jù)，證明14.acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)（權(quán)威、地位）；承認(rèn)（屬實(shí)）；（公開(kāi)）感謝15.influentialadj.有很大影響力的，有支配力的16.insistvi.&vt.堅(jiān)決要求，堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)持說(shuō)17.routen.路線，路途；途徑，渠道18.financialadj.財(cái)政的，金融的，財(cái)務(wù)的19.departvi.&vt.離開(kāi)，起程20.shortagen.不足，短缺21.leakvi.漏，滲漏；滲入vt.漏，滲漏；泄露n.漏洞22.panicn.驚恐，恐慌vi.&vt.(panicked,panicked)（使）驚慌，（使）驚慌失措23.regardlessadv.不顧，不加理會(huì)24.regardlessof不管，不顧25.shoren.岸，濱26.subsequentadj.隨后的，后來(lái)的27.captainn.船長(zhǎng)，機(jī)長(zhǎng)；上校；隊(duì)長(zhǎng)28.allowfor使成為可能；考慮到，把……計(jì)算在內(nèi)29.kingdomn.王國(guó)；管轄范圍30.astonishvt.使十分驚訝，使吃驚31.royaladj.盛大的，莊嚴(yán)的；皇家的，王室的32.tombn.墳?zāi)?3.literaryadj.文學(xué)的，文學(xué)上的；愛(ài)好文學(xué)的34.extensivelyadv.廣闊地；廣泛地35.facilitatevt.使便利，促進(jìn)36.sortout理順，整理；把……安排好37.availableadj.可獲得的，可找到的；有空的38.prisonn.監(jiān)獄39.ministern.大臣，部長(zhǎng)40.exceptionaladj.杰出的，優(yōu)秀的；異常的，罕見(jiàn)的41.phrasen.成語(yǔ)，習(xí)語(yǔ)；短語(yǔ)，詞組42.formatn.總體安排，設(shè)計(jì)；版式43.shelfn.(pl.shelves)（書(shū)架等的）架子，擱板44.adoptvt.采用，采?。槐頉Q采納；領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，收養(yǎng)vi.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，收養(yǎng)45.parisonn.對(duì)比；比較46.packvt.&vi.塞進(jìn)，擠進(jìn)；裝（箱），收拾；打包；包裝n.包，包裹；小盒，小包47.contraryadj.相反的，相對(duì)立的；截然不同的48.contraryto與……相反49.helln.地獄；苦難的經(jīng)歷，悲慘的境況50.aboardprep.&adv.在（車、船、飛機(jī)等）上，上（車、船、飛機(jī)等）51.rubvt.&vi.擦，磨，搓；（使）相互摩擦52.washroomn.洗手間，廁所53.uniformn.制服；隊(duì)服adj.一致的，統(tǒng)一的54.violentlyadv.猛烈地，厲害地；強(qiáng)烈地，激烈地；兇狠地55.eaglen.雕56.divevi.俯沖；跳水；潛水n.沖，撲，俯沖；潛水；跳水57.thundervi.轟隆隆地響；打雷n.雷，雷聲58.freezevi.&vt.(froze,frozen)突然停止，呆??；結(jié)冰；凍僵59.deckn.甲板，艙面60.meanwhileadv.同時(shí)；其間；對(duì)比之下61.dragvt.拖，拉；緩慢而費(fèi)力地移動(dòng)62.chaosn.混亂，雜亂63.navyn.海軍，海軍部隊(duì)64.bleedvi.(bled,bled)失血，流血65.hatchvt.密謀，策劃；使孵出vi.孵化；孵出66.plotn.陰謀；故事情節(jié)vi.&vt.密謀67.infamyn.臭名昭著，聲名狼藉；惡行，罪惡68.sinkvi.&vt.(sank,sunk)下沉，沉沒(méi)；坐下；降低69.memorialn.紀(jì)念碑（或像等）；紀(jì)念物70.prayvi.&vt.企盼，祈求；祈禱，禱告71.episoden.一段經(jīng)歷，片段；一集72.textilen.紡織品；(textiles)紡織業(yè)73.reformvt.改進(jìn)，改良，改革n.改革，改良74.outputn.產(chǎn)量，輸出量75.clothn.織物，布料76.shiftn.改變，轉(zhuǎn)移；輪班vi.&vt.（使）移動(dòng)，（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；改變77.cottagen.小屋，村舍78.cottageindustry家庭手工業(yè)短語(yǔ)1.onbehalfof代表2.beinpanic陷入恐慌3.expose…to…把…暴露于…4.insiston堅(jiān)決要求，堅(jiān)持5.regardlessof不管不顧6.allowfor使成為可能，考慮到7.seekto尋求，試圖做...8.contraryto與..相反9.takechargeof接管，負(fù)責(zé)10.inlinewith…跟…一致，符合11.bearwitnessto…替…作證；見(jiàn)證…12.seeeyetoeyewith…與…看法一致13.intotal總計(jì)，合計(jì)14.getintouchwith與..取得聯(lián)系句型1.Regardlessofallthechallenges,Columbusmanagedtokeepeveryoneoutofdangerwithhisknowledgeandbraveryacrosstheocean.（keep的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）2.Influencedbyhisfather,whowasalsoahistorian,SimaQiantookaninterestinhistorywhenhewasachild.（過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）3.Whatmakesthisbookremarkableincontentisthatitnotonlyincludesvividdescriptionsofhistoricalfiguressuchasemperors,ministersorotherexceptionalfigures,butalsolistsimportanteventsindifferentperiods.（notonly...butalso...）4.Hesufferedseriousburnsonhishands,armsandlegs,andwatchedmanyofhisfriendsdie.（感官動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）5.“Theheroesaretheonesthatgavetheirlivesthatday,”hesaid.（定語(yǔ)從句）語(yǔ)法表語(yǔ)從句寫(xiě)作歷史事件和歷史人物知識(shí)點(diǎn)01重點(diǎn)詞匯1.原文：“Itisclear,”hesaid,“thatthereisonlyonewaytoconvinceyou.Wemustconductanexperiment.”他說(shuō):“很明顯只有一個(gè)辦法能使你們信服。我們必須做個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。”(教材P29)convincevt.使確信,使相信;說(shuō)服,勸說(shuō)【用法】①convincesb.that...使某人相信……②convincesb.of

sth.使某人相信某事③convincesb.todo

sth.說(shuō)服某人做某事①convincedadj.確信的beconvincedof...確信……beconvincedthat...確信……②convincingadj.令人信服的;有說(shuō)服力的③convincinglyadv.令人信服地;有說(shuō)服力地④與convincesb.ofsth.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有:accusesb.ofsth.控告某人某事informsb.ofsth.告知某人某事remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事curesb.ofsth.治愈某人某種疾病【運(yùn)用】①Heconvincedthepolicedepartment_________（allow）himtosetupacoupleof“chatbenches”intwooftheirlocalparks.②Atthisyear’sI/OConference,apanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesucha___________（convince）humansoundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.③StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteenyearoldShellyAnnatatrackmeetandwas__________（convince）thathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.④他說(shuō)，讓人們相信海貍鼠的皮毛是環(huán)保的并不容易，但他對(duì)此毫不懷疑。Hesaysit’snoteasyto___________________nutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.⑤我們能夠使學(xué)生們相信（他們）需要更廣泛的閱讀。（書(shū)面表達(dá)之建議信）Wewereableto_______________________theneedforwiderreading.【鏈接高考】Heconvincedthepolicedepartmenttoallowhimtosetupacoupleof“chatbenches”intwooftheirlocalparks.他說(shuō)服警察局允許他在他們當(dāng)?shù)氐膬蓚€(gè)公園里設(shè)置幾條“聊天長(zhǎng)椅”。?(2020天津)Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.他說(shuō)讓人們相信海貍鼠的毛皮是環(huán)保的并不容易,但他對(duì)此毫不懷疑。?(2020全國(guó)Ⅱ)2.原文：Hisshipswereloadedwithchina,silk,teaandothertreasuresasgiftsforforeignrulers...他的船裝有瓷器、絲綢、茶葉和其他珍寶作為饋贈(zèng)異邦君王的禮品……?(教材P30)

loadvt.&vi.裝上,裝入n.負(fù)載;承載量;大量【用法】①load...with

...往……里裝……②o

/onto...把……裝到……里/上③loads

of...=aloadof...大量/許多……④takealoadoff

one’smind打消某人的顧慮;使某人如釋重負(fù)常見(jiàn)的以load結(jié)尾的詞:uploadvt.上傳;downloadvt.;overloadvt.使超載;workloadn.工作量易混辨析burden 指沉重、令人不快的負(fù)擔(dān);指精神負(fù)擔(dān)時(shí)常有不堪忍受的意味load 普通用詞,含義廣泛,指人、畜、車、船等負(fù)載的東西;指精神負(fù)擔(dān)時(shí),可與burden換用,但無(wú)感情色彩【運(yùn)用】①Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources（資源）tomake,andbuying______（load）ofnewclothing（orthrowingoutoldclothing）isnothealthyfortheenvironment.②Thelibraryisnowamultimediazone,_______（load）withinformationinmanyformats.③Let’sload____thecarandthenwecango.④Weareloadingthem_________boatstotransportthemtootherlocations.⑤男孩的父親經(jīng)常用一臺(tái)裝有彩色圖片的平板電腦逗他開(kāi)心，當(dāng)你戳它們的時(shí)候，這些圖片就會(huì)變得栩栩如生。Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletputer______________________colorfulpicturesthatealivewhenyoupokethem.（定語(yǔ)從句）⑥婦女們背著許多柴火下了山。Thewomencamedownthehillcarrying_________________.【鏈接高考】Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresourcestomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenvironment.制作衣服會(huì)消耗大量的自然資源,買大量的新衣服(或扔掉舊衣服)對(duì)環(huán)境有害。?(2021全國(guó)甲)3.原文：ZhengHe’seffortshelpeddevelopandstrengthenharmoniousrelationswiththesecountriesandregions...鄭和的努力有助于發(fā)展和加強(qiáng)與這些國(guó)家和地區(qū)之間的和諧關(guān)系……?(教材P30)strengthenvt.&vi.加強(qiáng),增強(qiáng),鞏固【用法】strengthen(the)friendship/cooperation增進(jìn)友誼/加強(qiáng)合作

①strengthn.力量,力氣;[C]優(yōu)勢(shì),長(zhǎng)處buildupone’sstrength增強(qiáng)體力withallone’sstrength用全力strengthsandweaknesses(=advantagesanddisadvantages)優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)/長(zhǎng)處和短處②strongadj.強(qiáng)大的;強(qiáng)壯的;強(qiáng)烈的;堅(jiān)定的;健康的,身體好的③stronglyadv.強(qiáng)烈地;堅(jiān)決地④常見(jiàn)的其他加后綴en變動(dòng)詞的還有:wideadj.寬的→widenv.(使)變寬deepadj.深的→deepenv.(使)加深shortadj.短的→shortenv.(使)變短lengthn.長(zhǎng)度→lengthenv.(使)變長(zhǎng)frightn.驚嚇→frightenv.使驚嚇;受驚嚇sharpadj.鋒利的→sharpenv.(使)變鋒利looseadj.松的→loosenv.(使)放松,變松weakadj.虛弱的;弱的→weakenv.(使)虛弱,衰弱;削弱,減弱【運(yùn)用】①Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewith________（strong）andflexibility?②IthinkIammuch________（strong）forhavingtakenpartintheproject.③Lastbutnotleast,throughmyefforts,Ibelieve,Ican__________（strong）thefriendshipbetweenChinaandtheUK.④夏天讓我充滿了能量，我覺(jué)得我有力量去做我生活中最困難的事情。Summermakesmefullofpower,andIthinkI______________________themostdifficultthingsinmylife.⑤為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，我們將加強(qiáng)合作，共同努力。Inordertoachievethisgoal,wewill________________________andmakejointefforts.【鏈接高考】Lastbutnotleast,throughmyefforts,Ibelieve,IcanstrengthenthefriendshipbetweentheChineseandtheBritish.最后但同樣重要的是,我相信,通過(guò)我的努力,我可以增進(jìn)中英人民之間的友誼。(寫(xiě)作—申請(qǐng)做志愿者)4.原文：Formanyyears,somehistoriansdismissedtherecordsofthesevoyagesaslegends.多年來(lái),一些歷史學(xué)家把這些航海記錄當(dāng)作傳說(shuō)而不予理會(huì)。(教材P30)dismissvt.不予考慮,對(duì)……不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散【用法】①dismisssb.from

...免去某人的……職務(wù);摒除某人的……情感②dismisssb./sth.as

...把某人/某物當(dāng)成……而不予考慮;認(rèn)為某人/某物……而不予考慮dismissaln.解雇,免職;不予考慮【鏈接高考】Helookedatmeinblankamazementwhenhewasinformedofhisdismissal.接到他被解雇的通知時(shí),他帶著迷茫驚詫的神情望著我。?(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)—神態(tài)描寫(xiě))5.原文：ZhengHe’sacplishmentsarenowwidelyacknowledged,andheisrememberedasoneofChina’smostinfluentialexplorers.鄭和的成就現(xiàn)在被廣泛認(rèn)可,他作為中國(guó)最具影響力的探險(xiǎn)家之一被(世人)銘記。(教材P30)acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(權(quán)威、地位);承認(rèn)(屬實(shí));(公開(kāi))感謝【用法】①Itisuniversally/generallyacknowledgedthat...普遍認(rèn)為……

②acknowledgesb./sth.as

/tobe...承認(rèn)某人/某物是……③acknowledge(doing

/havingdone)sth.承認(rèn)(做了)某事①acknowledgedadj.公認(rèn)的②acknowledgementn.承認(rèn);感謝inacknowledgementof...對(duì)……表示感謝【運(yùn)用】①Hewasgenerallyacknowledged______（be）thefinestpoetintheland.②Joeisacknowledged___thebestbasketballplayeroftheyear.③Wearesendingyousomemoneyin________________（acknowledge）ofyourvaluablehelp.④公司必須承認(rèn)正在發(fā)生的事情，并為此做些什么。Thepanymust_____________________________anddosomethingaboutit.⑤人們普遍認(rèn)為應(yīng)該從綜合素質(zhì)方面評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生。（書(shū)面表達(dá)之觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)）______________________________________________studentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.【鏈接高考】It’suniversallyacknowledgedthatdevelopingagoodstudyhabitisessentialforourfuturelife.普遍認(rèn)為養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣對(duì)我們未來(lái)的生活至關(guān)重要。(寫(xiě)作—學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣)WhilemoreChinesepanieshavesurvivedthefirststageofdevelopmentinJapan,theyalsoacknowledgethechallengesahead,suchasfiercepetitionwithlocalpeers.雖然更多的中國(guó)企業(yè)挺過(guò)了在日本發(fā)展的第一階段,但它們也承認(rèn)將來(lái)面臨的挑戰(zhàn),比如與當(dāng)?shù)赝兄g的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。?(ChinaDaily)6.原文：ColumbusinsistedonsearchingforadirectsearoutetotheEastIndiesbysailingacrosstheAtlanticOcean.哥倫布堅(jiān)持通過(guò)橫渡大西洋尋找通往東印度群島的直接航線。?(教材P31)insistvi.&vt.堅(jiān)決要求,堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)持說(shuō)【用法】①insiston

/upon(doing)sth.堅(jiān)決要求(做)某事;堅(jiān)持(做)某事②insistondoingsth.執(zhí)意繼續(xù)做某事(尤指麻煩或令人討厭的事)③insistthat...意為“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)

……”時(shí),從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。④insistthat...意為“堅(jiān)決要求

……”時(shí),從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即從句謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,should可以省略。①insistencen.堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決要求②insistentadj.堅(jiān)持的;堅(jiān)決要求的beinsistenton(doing)...堅(jiān)持(做)……【運(yùn)用】①Theysimplyinsist____mutual（相互的）recognitionandregard.②Itoldhersheshouldn’tswimafterawholenight’scoughing,butsherefusedtogiveupandinsistedshe____（go）.③Thepaniesinsistthatthey_____________（preserve）smartphoneusers’privacy.④戴維堅(jiān)持跑步，好像他忘記了他所有的弱點(diǎn)，盡管他在幾公里內(nèi)絆倒了。（讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)）David__________________asifhehadforgottenallhisweaknesses,thoughhetrippedwithinafewkilometers.⑤醫(yī)生堅(jiān)持說(shuō)她病得很重，并堅(jiān)決要求她立刻接受手術(shù)。Thedoctorinsistedthatshe_____seriouslyillandthatshe__________________________immediately.【鏈接高考】Theysimplyinsistonmutualrecognitionandregard.他們只是堅(jiān)持相互承認(rèn)和尊重。?(2022全國(guó)乙)7.原文：Themenonboardwereinpanic.船上的人陷入恐慌。?(教材P31)panicn.驚恐,恐慌vi.&vt.(panicked,panicked)(使)驚慌,(使)驚慌失措【用法】①in

(a)panic驚慌失措(地)②getinto

apanic陷入驚慌狀態(tài)③panicsb.into

doingsth.使某人倉(cāng)皇地做某事;使某人倉(cāng)促地做某事panickyadj.焦慮不安的;驚慌的【鏈接高考】Onhearingthesoftfootstepsoutsideherroom,shewasin(a)panic.一聽(tīng)到她的房間外有輕輕的腳步聲,她就驚慌失措。?(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)—心理描寫(xiě))IgotintoapanicasIpressedfirmlyagainstthetable.我緊緊地靠在桌子上,陷入了恐慌。(2021浙江1月)8.原文：TherecordsshowthatthevisitorswereastonishedbyhowrichandtechnologicallyadvancedtheMingDynastywas.記錄表明,來(lái)訪者對(duì)明朝如此富有和技術(shù)上如此先進(jìn)感到驚訝。(教材P33)astonishvt.使十分驚訝,使吃驚【用法】①astonishsb.with/by

sth.用/通過(guò)某事物使某人驚訝②Itastonishes/astonishedsb.that...令某人驚訝的是……①astonishedadj.感到驚訝的beastonishedat/bysth.對(duì)某事感到驚訝beastonishedtodosth.因做某事而感到驚訝②astonishingadj.令人十分驚訝的;難以置信的③astonishinglyadv.令人驚訝地④astonishmentn.驚訝inastonishment驚訝地toone’sastonishment令某人驚訝的是【運(yùn)用】①Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus__________（astonish）.②WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithan___________（astonish）varietyofwildlife.③AsIlookedupattheperformer,Iwasastonished_______（see）athinface,sofamiliar,yetnowlitupwithjoyandconfidence.④使我驚訝的是，他進(jìn)步得如此快。→___________________wasthathemadesuchrapidprogress.（用主語(yǔ)從句）→________________________hemadesuchrapidprogress.（用主語(yǔ)從句）→___________________,hemadesuchrapidprogress.（astonishment）→____________________hemadesuchrapidprogress.（用賓語(yǔ)從句）【鏈接高考】Heastonishedmewith/bytheterriblescratchonhisface.Iwasworriedabouthim.他臉上可怕的劃痕使我驚訝。我很擔(dān)心他。?(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)—心理描寫(xiě))原文：However,hisworkproveddifficult,becausesortingoutalltheavailableresourcesandcheckingfactsofhistoricalmaterialsrequiredpainstakingefforts.然而,他的工作其實(shí)很艱難,因?yàn)檎硭锌衫玫馁Y源并核查史料的事實(shí)需要付出艱辛的努力。(教材P34)availableadj.可獲得的,可找到的;有空的【用法】①beavailableto

sb.某人可利用/可獲得(某物)②beavailablefor/todo

sth.(某物)可用于某事/做某事availabilityn.可用性;有效性【運(yùn)用】①Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailable___allinfulltimeeducation.②Reserveyourspotbefore___________（available）—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!③如果你這周日有空，我想邀請(qǐng)你來(lái)英語(yǔ)節(jié)目“TalkandTalk”做特邀嘉賓。（書(shū)面表達(dá)之邀請(qǐng)信）___________________thisSunday,IwanttoinviteyoutobetheguestoftheEnglishprogram“TalkandTalk”.④游玩期間你可以在寄存柜里存放任何財(cái)物。（書(shū)面表達(dá)之旅游建議）Lockers____________________anybelongingsduringyourvisit.【鏈接高考】CampusSecurityisavailabletoassist24hours,7daysaweek.校園保安每周7天,每天24小時(shí)提供協(xié)助。?(2019天津3月)Itcantakeuptotwoyearsfromtestinganewfrozendessertproducttoitbeingavailabletoconsumers.一種新的冷凍甜點(diǎn)產(chǎn)品從測(cè)試到可供消費(fèi)者獲取可能需要長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩年的時(shí)間。(BBC)10.原文：Theauthorsadoptanatural,chattystyleofwritingthatopensupthesubjectmattertotheordinaryreader.作者們采用一種自然的、閑聊式的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格,使主題向普通讀者開(kāi)放。(教材P37)adoptvt.采用,采取;表決采納;領(lǐng)養(yǎng),收養(yǎng);選舉vi.領(lǐng)養(yǎng),收養(yǎng)【用法】①beadoptedby

...被……收養(yǎng)②adoptsb.as

...選舉某人為……①adoptionn.收養(yǎng);采用;推選②adoptedadj.收養(yǎng)的;領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的anadoptedson養(yǎng)子③adoptiveadj.有收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的adoptiveparents養(yǎng)父母【鏈接高考】There,hewasadoptedbyanAustralianfamilyandflowntoTasmania.在那里,他被一個(gè)澳大利亞家庭收養(yǎng),然后飛往塔斯馬尼亞。?(2021浙江1月)11.原文：Also,theyoftenusestoriesandinterestingparisonstodescribehistoricalfiguresoreventsvividly...此外,他們經(jīng)常用故事和有趣的比較來(lái)生動(dòng)地描述歷史人物或事件……(教材P37)parisonn.對(duì)比,相比;比較【用法】①parisonwith

...與……的比較②by

/inparison相比之下③byparisonwith

...與……相比④inparisonto/with...與……相比⑤make/drawaparison/parisons(between

...and...)比較(……和……)①parev.對(duì)比;比較;將……比作pareAtoB把A比作BpareAwith/toB把A和B作比較paredwith/to...與……相比(常作狀語(yǔ))②parableadj.類似的;可比較的③parativeadj.比較的;相對(duì)的【鏈接高考】Byparison,thebrainsofapesrequireonly8%ofresttimeenergy.相比之下,類人猿的大腦只需要休息時(shí)間能量的8%。?(2019江蘇)paredwith/toabstractobjectives,practicalonescanbringusmorecourageandconfidencewheneverwemakeonestepforward.與抽象的目標(biāo)相比,每當(dāng)我們前進(jìn)一步,切實(shí)可行的目標(biāo)能給我們帶來(lái)更多的勇氣和自信。?(寫(xiě)作—設(shè)定目標(biāo))12.原文：Contrarytopopularhistorybooks,mostacademicbookstendtoadoptamoreanalyticalandseriousapproachtostudyinghistory.與通俗歷史讀物相反,大多數(shù)學(xué)術(shù)著作往往采用更具分析性、更嚴(yán)肅的方式研究歷史。?(教材P37)contraryadj.相反的,相對(duì)立的;截然不同的n.相反;相反事物;反面【用法】①contraryto

...與……相反②contraryopinions/arguments完全相反的觀點(diǎn)/論點(diǎn)③thecontrary相反的事實(shí)(或事情、情況)④on

thecontrary與此相反;恰恰相反⑤to

thecontrary相反的;相反地【運(yùn)用】①Contrary___popularbelief,moderateexerciseactuallydecreasesyourappetite.②____thecontrary,thosewholetteenagersexperiencetheconsequencesoftheiractionscandobetter.③Inanycase,despitesomuchevidence___thecontrary,manymanagersstillagreewithTheoryX.④盡管Lomborg先生的觀點(diǎn)與大多數(shù)科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)相反，但他的書(shū)在很大程度上沒(méi)受到媒體的質(zhì)疑，這很奇怪。ItwasstrangethatMr.Lomborg’sbookswentlargelyunchallengedbythemediathoughhisbelief_______________mostscientificopinions.【鏈接高考】Contrarytoargumentsmadebysomeeconomists,Chinadoesnothavetheproblemofexcessiveinfrastructureinvestment.與一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家提出的論點(diǎn)相反,中國(guó)并不存在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資過(guò)度的問(wèn)題。(GlobalTimes)Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.相反,悲觀主義者傾向于將問(wèn)題視為額外壓力的來(lái)源。?(2020北京)13.原文：...toshowrespectforthosewhohadlosttheirlivesintheattackandtoprayforworldpeace.……為了表示對(duì)那些在襲擊中失去生命的人的尊重,并祈求世界和平。(教材P40)prayvi.&vt.企盼,祈求;祈禱,禱告【用法】①pray(to

sb.)for

sb./sth.為某人/某事(向某人)祈禱②praytodosth.祈求做某事③prayfor

sth.企盼/祈求某事④praythat...企盼/但愿……;祈禱……prayern.祈禱,禱告;祈望;祈禱儀式【鏈接高考】Ialmostdiedofembarrassment.Iprayedthatnobodycouldnoticemyembarrassment.我險(xiǎn)些尷尬死。我企盼沒(méi)有人會(huì)注意到我的尷尬。?(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)—心理描寫(xiě))知識(shí)點(diǎn)02重點(diǎn)句型1.

keep+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)原文：Regardlessofallthechallenges,Columbusmanagedtokeepeveryoneoutofdangerwithhisknowledgeandbraveryacrosstheocean.不顧所有挑戰(zhàn),哥倫布設(shè)法憑借自己的知識(shí)和勇敢使每個(gè)人都平安越過(guò)海洋。?(教材P31)【用法歸納】“keep+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“使……保持某種狀態(tài)”。其中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是名詞

、副詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。Hekepthiscoaton.他一直穿著大衣。Hekeptthechildrenamusedforhours.他陪孩子們玩兒了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。Whatdoyoudotokeepyourselflookinggoodandfeelinggood?你做什么來(lái)使自己看起來(lái)不錯(cuò)并感覺(jué)良好?Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuspanyatthetable.現(xiàn)在,在餐桌上,我們有陪伴。?(2019全國(guó)Ⅱ)Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.為了更方便地聯(lián)系到我們,你最好隨身帶著這張卡片。Thecellphoneskeepusinformedofthenewsofthedayandentertainuswithvideosofsinging,dancingandacting.讓我們了解當(dāng)天的新聞,用唱歌、跳舞和表演的視頻來(lái)使我們快樂(lè)。(寫(xiě)作—的使用)【特別提醒】在“keep+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞,主要看賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示主動(dòng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,表示被動(dòng)則用過(guò)去分詞。2.主語(yǔ)+be+形容詞+todo原文：Louis,meanwhile,alsostandingonthedeck,wasluckynottobethrownintothesea.與此同時(shí),路易斯也站在甲板上,幸運(yùn)地沒(méi)有被扔進(jìn)海里。?(教材P39)【用法歸納】在“主語(yǔ)+be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中常使用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。使用此結(jié)構(gòu)需具備兩個(gè)前提條件:①形容詞用來(lái)說(shuō)明不定式的特征。常見(jiàn)的此類形容詞有difficult、hard、easy、good、pleasant、interesting等。②此結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。【特別提醒】若不定式中的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)該加相應(yīng)的介詞。Heisalwaysparticularabouteverything;thatis,heishardtodealwith.他總是對(duì)一切都挑剔,也就是說(shuō)他很難對(duì)付。Thismachineisveryeasytooperate.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.這臺(tái)機(jī)器很容易操作。任何人都能在幾分鐘內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)使用它。Themorningairinsummerissogoodtobreathe.夏天早晨的空氣呼吸起來(lái)非常好。一．語(yǔ)法精講——表語(yǔ)從句一、概念：句子表語(yǔ)。位于系動(dòng)詞之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”如：Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困難是我們資金短缺。Thatiswhyshehadadayoffyesterday.這就是她昨天請(qǐng)一天假的原因。Myideaisthatindividualrightsshouldbefullyrespected.我的想法是，個(gè)人的權(quán)利應(yīng)該得到充分尊重。ThequestioniswhethertheGodreallyexists.問(wèn)題在于上帝是否真的存在。WhatIwanttoknowishowhemanagedtopletetheprojectinsuchashorttime.我想知道的是，他是如何在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的。可以接表語(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞有：1:be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2:feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell3:stand,lie,remain,keep,stay4:bee,get,grow,turn,go,e,run,fall5:prove,turnout引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的詞：連詞:that、whether、asthough、asif、because連接代詞:who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；連接副詞:when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。由that引導(dǎo)，that本身沒(méi)有詞義，在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分,通常不省略.Thefactisthathedoesn’treallytry.事實(shí)是他沒(méi)有做真正的努力。ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻煩的是我把他的地址丟了。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該告訴他。Itseemsthathewaslateforthetrain.看來(lái)他沒(méi)搭上火車。Itseemstomethatweshouldanswerforthis.在我看來(lái)，我們似乎應(yīng)該對(duì)此事負(fù)責(zé)。

由whether引導(dǎo)，whether意思是“是否”,但不充當(dāng)句子的成分。Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.問(wèn)題是這部電影是否值得看。Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.問(wèn)題還是他們能否幫我們。注意：if通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。由連接代詞who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever引導(dǎo)注意：連接代詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，并在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，代詞不能省略。如：YouarenotwhoIthoughtyouwere.你已不是我過(guò)去所想像的人。(who做表語(yǔ))Thequestioniswho(m)weshouldtrust.問(wèn)題是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)相信誰(shuí)。(who/m做賓語(yǔ))Heisnolongerwhathewas.他已經(jīng)不是以前的他了。(what做表語(yǔ))ThisiswhatIwanttotellyou.這就是我想告訴他的話.(what做賓語(yǔ))4.由連接when,where,how,why副詞引導(dǎo)Theproblemishowwecanfindhim.問(wèn)題是我們?nèi)绾握业剿?。ThatwaswhenIwasfifteen.這是我15歲時(shí)發(fā)生的事。That’swhereIfirstmether.那就是我第一次遇見(jiàn)她的地方。That’swhyhedidn’te.這就是他沒(méi)有來(lái)的緣故。注意：連接副詞when,where,how,why除在句子起連接作用外，在從句中還充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式或原因狀語(yǔ)，本身具有詞義。5.由asif,asthough引導(dǎo)Atthattime，itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightword.當(dāng)時(shí)，我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?lái)。Itisn’tasifyouweregoingawayforever.又不是你離開(kāi)不回來(lái)了。Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.看起來(lái)他好像理解這個(gè)問(wèn)題了。Itisnotasthoughwewerepoor.又不是我們家里窮。6.由because引導(dǎo)常用結(jié)構(gòu)：This/That/Itis/wasbecause····ThatisbecauseIdon’tlikeChinese.ItisbecauseIloveyoutoomuch.那是因?yàn)槲姨珢?ài)你了。三個(gè)常用句式1．reason做主語(yǔ)時(shí),后面的表語(yǔ)從句表示原因時(shí)要用that來(lái)引導(dǎo),而不用because；Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….···的原因是····Thereasonforhisabsenceisthathegotuplate.Thereasonwhyheisabsentisthathegotuplate.他缺席的原因是他起床遲了。注意：why引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)，不用because。Thereasonisthathegotuplate.原因是他起晚了。Whyheislateisthathegotuplate.他遲到的原因是他起床晚了。2．Thatiswhy后面跟的是結(jié)果,譯為：“那是（為什么）.的原因”如：Tomoversleptthismorning.Thatiswhyhewaslateforwork.湯姆今天早晨睡過(guò)頭了.那是他上班遲到的原因.Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ))That’swhyhegotfiredfromthatfirm.那正是他被公司解雇的原因。(表語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)ThatiswhyIcame.這就是我來(lái)的原因。3．Thatisbecause后面跟的是原因,譯為：“那是因?yàn)?”如：Tomwaslateforworkthismorning.Thatisbecauseheoverslept.湯姆今天早晨上班遲到了.那是因?yàn)樗^(guò)頭了.ThatisbecauseIgotuplate.這是因?yàn)槲移鸫策t了。Iwasangry.Thatwasbecausehedidn’tunderstandme.我生氣是因?yàn)樗焕斫馕摇?表語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)【過(guò)關(guān)鞏固】1．Mr.Darcyisquiterichbuttooproud,andthat’sElizabethdoesn’tlikehim.2．Don’tbesad.Themostimportantthingiswemustlearnfromourmistakesandmoveon.3．Thereasonforhisabsenceishehasn’tbeeninformed.4．Thedebatebetweenthemwasitwasworthwhiletoaffordtheextraexpenseofhiringanexpensiveapartment.5．Hedidnotseethefilm.Thatishehadtohelphislittle