高考英語二輪復習方案 專題限時訓練（二十三）科普知識型閱讀理解2

專題限時訓練(二十三)[科普知識型閱讀理解(二)](限時：25分鐘)ALastnight'smeteor(流星)showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothschild,EmeraldValley'smayor,peoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity'slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.“Myfamilywassofrustrated，”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby.“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.”Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets—havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,bats,frogs，snakes，etc.Forexample,outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating(遷徙的)birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation，“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.”Countlessmoreanimalcasualties(傷亡)resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearly，peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings,butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumans，too.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseaperson'schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizona,hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwide,andamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthem,sothatothercreaturescansharethenight.1．Ithappenedlastnightthat________．A.thecity'slightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingB．themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticedC．thecitylightshowattractedmanypeopleD．themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting2．Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?A．Meteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbefore.B．Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.C．Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.D．Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.3．WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.B．Animals'livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.C．Varietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduced.D．Animals'survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.4．LightingregulationsinFlagstaff,Arizonaareputintoeffectto________．A．lessenthechanceofgettingcancerB．createanidealobservationconditionC．ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD．enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony5．Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A．Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.B．Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.C．Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.BStudyingvolcanoesisademandingprofession.HazelRymerfrequentlyhastostrugglethroughrainforests,climbtothetopofmountains,thenclimb200metresintothecraterofactivevolcanoes.Butthe38-year-oldvolcanologistdoesherbesttomakeitsoundlessalarmingthanitis.“Drivingtoworkismorerisky，”sheinsists.“AndthedeepestIgointothecraterofavolcanoisabout300metres，”sheadds,tryingtomakeitallsoundasordinaryastakingthedogforawalk.Hazelhasbeenstudyingvolcanoesforalongtime,soit'snotsurprisingsheisusedtothedanger.Herinterestinvolcanoesbeganatschool.AteachergaveherabookaboutPompeii.“IrememberreadingabouttheeruptionofVesuviusandthedestructionofthecity，”sheexplains.“ThethoughtofallthosepeoplejustfrozenintimehadquiteaneffectonmeandIamstillexcitedbytheirdangerousbeautytoday.”Nowadays,volcanoesaregettingmoreandmoreunpredictable.Therehavebeenmanychangesinsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandmeltingicecaps.Thesehaveresultedinsomedormantvolcanoeserupting,sostudyingthemismoredangerousthaneverbefore.Hazelsaysthatalthoughshedoesn'ttakeanyunnecessaryrisk,shehashadsomefrighteningmoments.HerworstexperiencewasontheslopesofMountEtnainSicily,whenshewasslowlysurroundedbylava.“Ihadachoiceofwalkingtenhourstogetaroundthelavafloworjustwalkingacrossit，”sheexplains.Shechosetopickapathacrossthecoolerrocksinthelavastream.“Iguessitwasfivemetres.Theflowwas1，000°C,soifyouhesitated,yourbootswouldbegintomelt.Itwasscary,butitreallywasapracticaldecision—therewasn'ttimetodoanythingelse.”Andwhataboutthefuture?“Ihaven'tbeentothevolcanoesinIndonesiayet.AndIwouldlovetospendsometimeworkingintheAntarctic，”shesays.“Iwouldalsoliketoknowwhyquietlavaflowseruptfromsomevolcanoesandwhyothervolcanoesgobang.”Inotherwords,HazelRymerwon'tbeexchanginghervolcanoesfortherelativesafetyofdrivingtoworkjustyet.1.Hazel'sclaimthat“drivingtoworkismorerisky”thanexploringvolcanoesshowsthat________．A．peoplehaveexaggeratedthedangersofvolcanoesinthepastB．HazeldoesnotreallyunderstandthedangeroussituationssheputsherselfinC．therearemanybaddriversintheplacewhereHazellivesD．Hazelisbeingmodestandunderstatingthedangersshefaces2.WhendidHazelfirstbecomeinterestedinvolcanoes?A．WhenshewasvisitingItaly.B．Whenshewasatschool.C．Whenshewastwenty.D．WhenshesawVesuvius.3.Theunderlinedword“These”(inParagraph3)refersto“________”．A．meltingicecapsB．volcaniceruptionsC．changesinsealevelD．highertemperatures4.WhenHazelwasonMountEtna,shehadto________．A．takeadangerousrouteB．takeanunnecessaryriskC．leaveherbootsbehindD．walkfortenhoursaroundthemountain5.Inthefuture,Hazelwantsto________．A．revisitvolcanoessheknowsB．goonholidaytotheAntarcticC．findalessdangerousjobD．discovernewthingsaboutvolcanoesCOnlineclothesshopperswillbetoldexactlywhatsizeisbest,forthemusingnewsoftwarewhichcombineswiththeirwebcamorsmartphonetoforma“3Dtapemeasure”.ScientistsfromSurreyUniversityUsingtheperson'sheightasastartingpoint,thesoftwarewillbeabletobuildupandestimatetheirsizeatvariousdifferentpointsonthebody,basedontheiroverallproportions.Theresultwillbeamoreaccuratesizingguidethanprevioussystemsbasedonthewaistsizeora“small/medium/large”scale,whichrelyonlimitedmeasurementsandthebuyer'sperceptionoftheirownbodysize.Shoppersandretailers(零售商)whochoosetosignupfortheprojectcouldsavemillionsofpoundsayearinpostagecostsbyremovingtheneedtoordermultiplesizesofthesamegarment(服裝)andsendbackill-fittingclothes,researchersclaimed.Theproject,sponsoredbytheEngineeringandPhysicalSciencesResearchCouncil(EPSRC),isexpectedtobebroughttomarketwithintwoyears.Afterchoosinganitem,theshopperwillactivatethesoftware,entertheirheight,standinfrontoftheirwebcamorsmartphoneintheirunderwearandtakeaphotograph.ThesoftwarewillnotstoreortransmittheimagetotheInternet,butwilluseittojudgetheperson'sdimensionsatvariouspointsontheirbody.PhilipDelamoreoftheLondonCollegeofFashionsaid,“Thepotentialbenefitsforthefashionindustryandforshoppersarehuge.Currently,it'scommonforonlineshopperstoordertwoorthreedifferentsizesofthesameitemofclothingatthesametime,asthey'reunsurewhichonewillfitbest.”1.Whatistheessentialpartofa“3Dtapemeasure”？A．Asoftware.B．Awebcam.C．Amicrophone.D．Asmartphone.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“3Dtapemeasure”？A．ItwillstoreortransmittheimagetotheInternet.B．Itisbasedonthebuyer'sperceptionoftheirsize.C．Itwillbeaco-workingproduction.D．Itusesaperson'sweightasastartingpoint.3.Comparedwiththetraditionalsizingsystem,a“3Dtapemeasure”is________．A．quickerB．morepreciseC．morebeautifulD．morevivid4.Howcanthe“3Dtapemeasure”benefitonlineshoppers?A．Onlineshopperswillgettheirorderedgarmentintime.B．Onlineshopperswillgettheirorderedgarmentmorequickly.C．Onlineshopperswillgetanorderedgarmentofhighquality.D．Onlineshopperswillgetanorderedgarmenttotheirmeasure.5.Whatistherightorderforashoppertoforma“3Dtapemeasure”？①totakeaphotowithawebcam②toactivatethesoftware③toenterhis/herheight④tojudgehisorhersizebyanalysinghisorherimageA．①②③④B．②①③④C．②③①④D．②③④①

專題限時訓練(二十三)A【要點綜述】本文是一篇科普文，主要介紹了城市的光污染對日常生活、天文學家的工作以及動物的生活都產生了消極的影響。在Flagstaff，Arizona已經采取了燈光管理措施。1．A細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段最后一句“…sobrightenedbythecity'slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的燈光太亮，影響了人們觀看流星。故選A。2．C細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“…h(huán)avebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfrom…”可知，天文學家多年來一直在抱怨光污染問題未解決。故選C。3．D推理判斷題。根據第四段第一、二句“…thatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.”以及本段最后一句“…‘100millionbirdsayearthroughout…dieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.’”可知，作者第四段主要敘述的是動物也受到了光污染的影響，甚至它們的生存也受到了影響。故選D。4．B推理判斷題。根據第六段第二句“…h(huán)asenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersat…”可知，這條規(guī)定是為了給天文學家的工作創(chuàng)造理想的觀察條件。故選B。5．C主旨大意題。根據整篇文章的敘述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染對人們生活、工作以及動物的生存造成的影響，因此作者在文中呼吁我們人類的活動應該對環(huán)境有利。故選C。B【要點綜述】本文主要介紹了火山學家HazelRymer的一些關于火山的研究活動。1．D由此句話的前一句“Butthe38-year-oldvolcanologistdoesherbesttomakeitsoundlessalarmingthanitis.”以及此句話可知，HazelRymer說開車上班比對火山進行研究更危險可推斷出，她是以一種謙虛的說法淡化其面臨的危險。2．B由第二段第二句“Herinterestinvolcanoesbeganatschool.”可知她在讀書時就對火山感興趣。3．C由畫線詞的前一句話“Therehavebeenmanychangesinsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandmeltingicecaps.”可知畫線詞應該指的是海平線的變化。4．A由第三段最后幾句“‘Ihadachoiceofwalkingtenhourstogetaroundthelavafloworjustwalkingacrossit，'sheexplains.Shechosetopickapathacrossthecoolerrocksinthelavastream.‘Iguessitwasfivemetres.Theflowwas1，000°C,soifyouhesitated,yourbootswouldbegintomelt.Itwasscary,butitreallywasapracticaldecision—therewasn'ttimetodoanythingelse.'”可知她選擇了從