Unit4SpaceExploration重要題型專練-高一英語學(xué)與練（人教）

Unit4SpaceExploration重要題型專練一、閱讀選擇ARoyalfamilygatheratWindsorCastleforfirstEasterSundayservicewithouttheQueenonApril9th.Attendeesandmembersoftheroyalfamilyworeavarietyofstylishhatsthroughouttheceremony.Itisarequirementforallwomentowearhatsonroyaloccasions.Thisruledatesbacktothe1950swhenupperclassandroyalwomenwouldrarelyshowtheirhairinpublic,accordingtotheBBC．Hatswereoriginallywornforpracticalreasonssuchasprotectionfromthesun,rainorcoldweather,butquicklypeopleworethemforotherpurposes.Thetophat,forexample,wasreservedforupperclassmenandwaswornatformaleventssuchasweddingsandhorseraces.Womenalsousedhatstosignifysocialstatus,wealthandfashion.Thelargerthehat,thewealthierthewearerwasbelievedtobe.Inadditiontostatus,hatsplayedanimportantroleinBritishsocialetiquette.Menwereexpectedtoremovetheirhatsindoors,especiallyinformalsettings,toshowrespect.Women,ontheotherhand,weretoweartheirhatsuntilseatedfordinner,butthentheywereexpectedtoremovethem.Buthatswerenotalwaysasymbolofstatusandetiquette.Thebowlerhat,createdin1849,waswornbytheworkingclass,especiallythoseinvolvedintransportation.ThebowlerhatbecameaniconicitemofBritishfashion,wornbybothmenandwomen.Today,hatscontinuetobeanessentialpartofBritishculture,withmanyoldandnewhatshopsthroughoutthecountry.Thefedoraisalsomakingaebackamongyoungergenerations.ShoppinginhatshopsprovidesyouwithaglimpseofBritishhat.Caps,trilbies,beanies,andberetsarejustsomeofthestylesavailable.1．WhatisthesignificanceofthetophatinBritishculture?A．Itwaswornbytheworkingclass.B．Itwasapersonalstatementoffashion.C．Itwasusedtoprotectpeoplefromtherain.D．Itwaswornatformaleventsandsignifiedwealth.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“etiquette”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Routine. B．Practice. C．Manners. D．Origin.3．WhichhatwaspopularamongpostmenandtraindriversinBritain?A．Tophat. B．Fedora. C．Bowlerhat. D．Beret.4．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．ToattractmorevisitorstoBritain.B．TointroducethehatcultureinBritish.C．ToshowhisorheropinionsonBritishhats.D．TotellaninterestingstoryaboutBritishhats.【答案】1．D2．C3．C4．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，本文介紹了英國的帽子文化。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段提到“Thetophat,forexample,wasreservedforupperclassmenandwaswornatformaleventssuchasweddingsandhorseraces.Womenalsousedhatstosignifysocialstatus,wealthandfashion.Thelargerthehat,thewealthierthewearerwasbelievedtobe.”（例如，大禮帽是上流社會男性的專屬，只有在婚禮和賽馬等正式場合才會佩戴。女性也用帽子來象征社會地位、財富和時尚。人們認(rèn)為帽子越大，佩戴者就越富有。）可以看出thetophat多佩戴于正式場合且用來彰顯財富和社會地位。故選D。2．詞句猜測題。第三段提到“Menwereexpectedtoremovetheirhatsindoors,especiallyinformalsettings,toshowrespect.Women,ontheotherhand,weretoweartheirhatsuntilseatedfordinner,butthentheywereexpectedtoremovethem.”（在室內(nèi)，尤其是在正式場合，男性被要求脫帽以示尊重。另一方面，女性在就座前都要戴著帽子，但之后就得摘下帽子。）由此判斷，在室內(nèi)對于戴帽或者脫帽的禮儀都有非常嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定，由此得知etiquette意為“禮貌、禮儀、行為規(guī)范”。故選C。3．推理判斷題。第四段提到“Thebowlerhat,createdin1849,waswornbytheworkingclass,especiallythoseinvolvedintransportation.”（圓頂硬禮帽發(fā)明于1849年，是工人階級，尤其是從事交通運(yùn)輸?shù)墓と怂鞯?。）由此判斷，硬圓禮帽是工人階層戴的帽子樣式，因此postmenandtraindriversinBritain(英國的郵遞員和火車司機(jī))最有可能佩戴的帽子為bowlerhat（圓頂硬禮帽）。故選C。4．推理判斷題。第一段由英國王室出席儀式時的戴帽禮儀引出了英國關(guān)于戴帽子的歷史。結(jié)合全文以及最后一段“Today,hatscontinuetobeanessentialpartofBritishculture,withmanyoldandnewhatshopsthroughoutthecountry.”（今天，帽子仍然是英國文化的重要組成部分，全國各地有許多新舊帽子店。）由此判斷，這篇文章目的在于介紹英國帽子文化。故選B。B“It’sraining.It’spouring.Theoldmanissnoring(打鼾).Hebumpedhisheadwhenhewenttobed,andhecouldn’tgetupinthemorning.”Whycouldn’ttheoldmaninthechildren’ssonggetup?(Let’skindlysupposethathejustdidn’twanttogetup)Thiswaspossiblybecauseintheabsenceofsunlight,thebodywasstillproducingthehotmon(激素)melatonin(褪黑素),whichmakespeoplesleepy.Therearemanywaysthatrainfallaffectshumanbehavior.Buthowmuchdoesrainreallyaffectpeople’smoodsandbehavior?In2008,researchersfromtheUniversityofMinnesotaandLanzhouUniversitypublishedapaper.Theyproposedthatdecreasedrainfallwasinfluentialinsocialupheaval(社會動蕩)andthedownfalloftheTang,YuanandMingdynastiesinancientChina.Thisisthoughttoberelatedtoreducedricecultivation.Buthowmightrainaffectsocialbehaviorinthemodernworld?A2009NewYorkTimesinvestigationfoundthatmurderratesinNewYorkdropsignificantlyonrainydays.Meanwhile,inBritain,DrPeterLangmeadJonesofGreaterManchesterpolicepublishedastudyin2015detailingananalysisof6.6millionpolicerecordsoveronedecadeinManchester.“Theresearchshowedthattheheaviertherainfall,thelowertherecordedcrime,”hesaid.LangmeadJonesalsofoundthatthereisastrongassociationbetweenheavyrainandrelativelyfewviolentcrimesrecordedincludingdomesticabuse(家庭暴力).Thismightbebecauseheavyrainstopspeoplefromgoingouttobuyalcoholandthereducedalcoholconsumptionresultsinfewercrimes.It’snotallgoodnewsthough.Onestudyin1997concludedthatthebehaviorofchildrencanpredictoningstorms—theywereobservedtoexhibittheirworstbehaviorwhenbarometric(氣壓的)pressurefell.Anotherstudyin2012foundthatwomenaremuchmorelikelytobeaffectedpsychologicallybyrainandthattheyreportmuchlowerlevelsoflifesatisfactionthanmenonrainydays.Foralltheplaintsaboutrain,itdoeshavesomecharacteristicsthatholdbroadappeal.Thesoundofraindropscanbeveryfortingandoftenfeaturesinsleepinducingrelaxationapps.Thetheorybehindthisisthatthepitterpatterofraindropsisaformof“pinknoise”.Itcandecreasebrainactivityandconsequentlyimprovesthequalityofsleep.Soifit’srainingwhereyouare,thebestthingtodomaybetohaveanap.5．Theauthorusesthelyricsofasonginthefirstparagraphto________.A．introducetheinterestingsongtoreadersB．voicehisunderstandingofwhytheoldmancouldn’tgetuinthemorningC．illustrateonewaythatwetweatherinfluenceshumanbehaviorD．explainwhypeopleoftengetuplateonrainydays6．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraph?A．Success. B．Prosperity. C．Failure. D．Development.7．AccordingtoDrPeterLangmeadJones,relativelyfewcrimesarerecordedonrainydaysbecause________.A．peopleprefertotakeanapathomewhenit’sraining B．mostpeoplearedepressedonrainydaysC．peoplearetoolazytogooutwhenit’sraining D．a(chǎn)lcoholconsumptionisreducedduetowetweather8．Accordingtothearticle,theinfluencesthatrainydayshaveonhumanbehaviorinclude________.①decreasedgrainoutput

②relativelyfewcriminalrecords③higherchanceoffeelinglowinspirits

④morepossibilityoffeelingsleepyA．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④【答案】5．C6．C7．D8．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了雨對人類行為和情緒的影響。5．目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thiswaspossiblybecauseintheabsenceofsunlight,thebodywasstillproducingthehotmon(激素)melatonin(褪黑素),whichmakespeoplesleepy.（這可能是因為在沒有陽光的環(huán)境下，身體仍在產(chǎn)生褪黑激素，讓人昏昏欲睡。）”和第二段中“Therearemanywaysthatrainfallaffectshumanbehavior.（降雨影響人類行為的方式有很多。）”可知，作者在本段引用一句歌詞是為了說明潮濕天氣是影響人類行為的一種方式。故選C。6．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線部分所在句“Theyproposedthatdecreasedrainfallwasinfluentialinsocialupheaval(社會動蕩)andthedownfalloftheTang,YuanandMingdynastiesinancientChina.（他們提出，降雨減少是中國古代社會動蕩和唐、元、明王朝滅亡的重要原因。）”和“Thisisthoughttoberelatedtoreducedricecultivation.（這被認(rèn)為與水稻種植減少有關(guān)。）”可知，在以農(nóng)耕為主的王朝，水稻種植的減少，最終會導(dǎo)致王朝覆滅。所以劃線詞downfall意為“滅亡”。故選C。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Thismightbebecauseheavyrainstopspeoplefromgoingouttobuyalcoholandthereducedalcoholconsumptionresultsinfewercrimes.（這可能是因為，由于下大雨，人們無法外出購買酒，而酒的消費(fèi)量減少，導(dǎo)致犯罪減少。）”可知，LangmeadJones認(rèn)為下雨天犯罪相對較少是因為酒的消費(fèi)量減少。故選D。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中“Theresearchshowedthattheheaviertherainfall,thelowertherecordedcrime（研究表明，降雨量越大，犯罪率就越低）”和倒數(shù)第二段中“Anotherstudyin2012foundthatwomen...thanmenonrainydays.（2012年的另一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性更容易受到下雨的心理影響，她們在雨天的生活滿意度比男性低得多。）”和最后一段中“Thetheorybehindthisisthatthepitterpatterofraindropsisaformof‘pinknoise’.（背后的理論是，雨滴的噼啪聲是一種“粉色噪音”。）”以及“Itcandecreasebrainactivityandconsequentlyimprovesthequalityofsleep.（這可以減少大腦活動，從而提高睡眠質(zhì)量。）”可知，本文中提到下雨天對人行為的影響包括相對少的犯罪記錄、情緒低落的幾率更高以及更有可能犯困。故選D。CSkin:TheBody’sCanvasIfyoucouldtakeoffyourskinandlayitflat,itwouldcoveranareaofabout1.9squaremeters.Skinis,byfar,thebody’slargestorgan.Coveringalmosttheentirebody,skinprotectsusfromavarietyofexternalforces.Forexample,itprotectsusfromextremesoftemperature,damagingsunlight,harmfulchemicals,anddangerousinfections.Skinisalsopackedwithnerves,whichkeepsthebrainintouchwiththeoutsideworld.Thehealthofourskinanditsabilitytoperformitsprotectivefunctionsarecrucialtoourwellbeing.However,theappearanceofourskinisequallyifnotmoreimportanttomanypeopleonthisplanet.Takeskincolor,forexample.Yourgenesdetermineyourskin’scolor,butforcenturies,humanshavetriedtolightenordarkentheirskininanattempttobemoreattractive.Inthe1800s,whiteskinwasdesirableformanyEuropeans.Skinthiscolormeantthatitsownerwasamemberoftheupperclassanddidnothavetoworkinthesun.Amongdarkerskinnedpeopleinsomepartsoftheworld,productsusedtolightenskinarestillpopulartoday.Duringthe20thcentury,attitudestowardlightskinshiftedintheoppositedirectioninothercultures,ascitiesgrewandworkmovedindoors.Tannedskinbegantoindicateleisuretimeandhealth.Inmanyplacestoday,tanningonthebeachorinasalonremainspopular,eventhoughpeoplearemoreawareofthedangersofUVrays.IdentityandStatusJustaspeoplehavealteredtheirskin’scolortodenotewealthandbeauty,sotoohaveculturesaroundtheglobemarkedtheirskintoindicateculturalidentityormunitystatus.Tattooing,forexample,hasbeencarriedoutforthousandsofyears.LeadersinplacesincludingancientEgypt,Britain,andPeruworetattoostomarktheirstatus,ortheirbravery.Today,amongtheMaoripeopleofNewZealandaswellasinculturesinSamoa,Tahiti,andBorneo,fullfacialtattoosarestillusedtoidentifythewearerasamemberofacertainfamily.Thesetattooscanalsosymbolizetheperson’sachievementsinlife.InJapan,tattooinghasbeenpracticedforthousandsofyears,butwasoutlawedinthe19thcentury.Althoughtherearenolawsagainstittoday,tattoosarestillstronglyassociatedwithcriminalsparticularlytheyakuza,ortheJapanesemafia,whoareknownfortheirfullbodytattoos.Theplexdesignofayakuzamember’stattoousuallyincludessymbolsofcharactertraitsthatthewearerwantstohave.Theprocessofgettingafullbodytattooisbothslowandpainfulandcantaketwoyearsormoretoplete.Insomecultures,scarringamarkingcausedbycuttingorburningtheskinispracticed,usuallyamongpeoplewhohavedarkerskinonwhichatattoowouldbedifficulttosee.FormanymeninWestAfrica,forinstance,scarringisariteofpassageanactthatsymbolizesthatamalehasmaturedfromachildintoanadult.InAustralia,amongsomenativepeoples,cutsaremadeontheskinofbothmenandwomenwhentheyreachage16or17.Withoutthese,theyweretraditionallynotpermittedtotrade,singceremonialsongs,orparticipateinotheractivities.Notallskinmarkingsarepermanent,though.IncountriessuchasMoroccoandIndia,womendecoratetheirskinwithcolorfulhennadesignsforcelebrationssuchasweddingsandimportantreligiousholidays.Thehennacoloring,whichesfromaplant,fadesanddisappearsovertime.Inrecentyearsinmanyindustrializednations,tattooing,henna(散沫花染料)bodyart,and,toalesserdegree,scarringhavebeengaininginpopularity.Whatmakesthesepracticesappealingtothoselivinginmoderncities?AccordingtophotographerChrisRainier,whosebookAncientMarksexaminesbodymarkingsaroundtheglobe,peoplearelookingforaconnectionwiththetraditionalworld.“Thereisawholesectorofmodernsocietypeopleinsearchofidentity,peopleinsearchofmeaning,”saysRainier.“Hence,therehasbeenahugeexplosionoftattooingandbodymarking.”Rainierreasonsthatit’s“mankindwantingidentity,wantingasenseofplaceandasenseofculturewithintheirmunity.”9．Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?A．Skincoversabout20squarefeet.B．Skincanbedamagedbysunlight’sultravioletrays.C．Skinisaveryimportantpartofthebody.D．Skincontainsmanynervecells.10．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph2?A．Totellwhyskincolorwassociallyimportantinthe1800sB．ToexplainchangingattitudestowardsskincolorC．TomaketheconnectionbetweendarkskinandworkingoutdoorsD．Toexplainwhyindoortanningsalonsarepopular11．Inparagraph5,whatisariteofpassage?A．a(chǎn)ceremonywhenchildrengettattoosB．a(chǎn)timewhenwomensingceremonialsongsC．a(chǎn)specialholidayonthefullmoonD．a(chǎn)neventmarkinganimportanttransitioninlife12．WhichstatementwouldChrisRainiermostlylikelyagreewith?A．Peoplewhogettattoosareseekingidentityandtradition.B．Employersarenotsupportiveofworkerswithbodyart.C．Peoplelookingforidentityshouldwearethnicclothing.D．Inindustrializednations,fewerpeoplehavebodymarkings【答案】9．C10．B11．D12．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了人體最大的器官——皮膚。9．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,theappearanceofourskinisequallyifnotmoreimportanttomanypeopleonthisplanet.（然而，我們的皮膚外觀對這個星球上的許多人來說，即使不是更重要，也是同樣重要的。）”可知，本段主要講述的是皮膚人體的重要部分。故選擇C項。10．推理判斷提。根據(jù)第二段中“Inthe1800s,whiteskinwasdesirableformanyEuropeans.（在19世紀(jì)，許多歐洲人都喜歡白皮膚。）”以及“Duringthe20thcentury,attitudestowardlightskinshiftedintheoppositedirectioninothercultures,ascitiesgrewandworkmovedindoors.（在20世紀(jì)，隨著城市的發(fā)展和工作轉(zhuǎn)移到室內(nèi)，其他文化對淺色皮膚的態(tài)度發(fā)生了相反的變化。）”可知，本段主要想要介紹人們對于膚色態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變，故選擇B項。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“FormanymeninWestAfrica,forinstance,scarringisariteofpassageanactthatsymbolizesthatamalehasmaturedfromachildintoanadult.（例如，對西非的許多男性來說，疤痕是一種成人儀式，象征著男性從兒童成熟為成年人。）”可知，成人禮是人們生活中的重要轉(zhuǎn)變，故選擇D項。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“peoplearelookingforaconnectionwiththetraditionalworld.（人們正在尋找與傳統(tǒng)世界的聯(lián)系。）”以及“Rainierreasonsthatit’s“mankindwantingidentity,wantingasenseofplaceandasenseofculturewithintheirmunity.”（雷尼爾解釋說，這是“人類想要身份認(rèn)同，想要社區(qū)內(nèi)的地方感和文化感?！保笨芍死锼埂だ啄釥栒J(rèn)為紋身是為了尋求身份與傳統(tǒng)，故選擇A項。DThemusicianMobyoncesaid,“Musichasnoformwhatsoeverallitisisairmovingjustalittlebitdifferently.It’stheonlyartformthatyoucan’ttouch.”Itistruethatwecannottouchmusic,butthatdoesnotmeanthatmusicisinvisible.Thereis,infact,awayto“see”music.Howcanweseemusic?Neuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)useMRImachinestolookinsidethebrain.Thesetoolsletthemseetheneurons,orbraincells,whichareinusewhenpeoplearelisteningtomusic.puterscreenslinkedtoMRIsshowthatwhenpeoplelistentomusic,neuronslightupinmanypartsofthebrain.Neuroscientistshavedscoveredthatitisn’tnecessarytohearmusicfortheneuronstolightup.Evenwhenyoujustthinkaboutasong,theseneuronslightup.Inaddition,thesameneuralactivityinthesamepartofthebrainhappenswhenpeopleexperienceotherpleasurableactivities.Forexample,someofthesameneuronslightupwhenweeatsomethingdeliciousorhugalovedone.Negativefeelingssuchasfearoranxietymakeneuronsinadifferentarealightup.However,whenananxiousorfrightenedpersonlistenstopleasurablemusic,theseneuronsstoplightingup.Whydoesmusichavesomanybenefits?Theanswermaybebecauseitusessomanydifferentpartsofthebrain.Accordingtoneuroscientists,usingmanypartsofthebrainatonetimegivesyourbrainagood“workout.”Readingmusicwhileplayingamusicalinstrumentusesmorepartsofthebrainsimultaneously(同時地)thanmostotheractivities.Itinvolvesbothphysicalmovementandmentalactivity,muchlikeplayingasportsuchassoccer.So,althoughMobyispletelycorrectthatwecannottouchmusic,itispossibleto“see”music.Thereisstillalottolearnabouttheeffectsofmusiconourbrain.However,thereisnodoubtthatscientistshaveshownthatmusicisanextremelypowerfulartformwithmanypositiveeffects.13．WhydoestheauthormentionMoby’sword?A．Todefinewhatmusicis.B．Tocallpeople’sattentiontomusic.C．Tointroducethestudyofseeingmusic.D．Toconfirmtheinvisiblefeatureofmusic.14．Inwhatsituationwilltheneuronslinkingtohappinessprobablylightup?A．Whenyouareworriedaboutyourexam.B．Whenyouarebusywithyourpresentation.C．Whenyouenjoyyourfavoritebrandofcoffee.D．Whenyoumissthedeadlineofyourhomework.15．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Theadvantagesofmusicoversports.B．Thereasonsforthebenefitsofmusic.C．Thecausesoftheneuronslightingup.D．Thevarioushealingfunctionsofmusic.16．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardseffectsofmusic?A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Neutral. D．Dismissive.【答案】13．C14．C15．B16．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了神經(jīng)科學(xué)家使用核磁共振成像儀來觀察大腦內(nèi)部，發(fā)現(xiàn)音樂對大腦有很大的影響。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ThemusicianMobyoncesaid,“Musichasnoformwhatsoeverallitisisairmovingjustalittlebitdifferently.It’stheonlyartformthatyoucan’ttouch.”Itistruethatwecannottouchmusic,butthatdoesnotmeanthatmusicisinvisible.Thereis,infact,awayto“see”music.(音樂家莫比曾經(jīng)說過：“音樂沒有任何形式——它只是空氣運(yùn)動的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)不同?！边@是唯一一種你不能碰的藝術(shù)形式?！钡拇_，我們不能觸摸音樂，但這并不意味著音樂是看不見的。事實(shí)上，有一種方法可以“看”音樂。)”以及第二段首句“Howcanweseemusic?(我們怎么能看到音樂？)”可知，作者在第一段提到Moby的話是為了引出對“看音樂”這一研究。故選C。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Inaddition,thesameneuralactivityinthesamepartofthebrainhappenswhenpeopleexperienceotherpleasurableactivities.Forexample,someofthesameneuronslightupwhenweeatsomethingdeliciousorhugalovedone.(此外，當(dāng)人們經(jīng)歷其他愉快的活動時，大腦的同一部分也會發(fā)生相同的神經(jīng)活動。例如，當(dāng)我們吃到美味的東西或擁抱愛人時，一些相同的神經(jīng)元會被激活。)”可知，當(dāng)人們經(jīng)歷其他愉快的活動時，大腦的同一部分也會發(fā)生相同的神經(jīng)活動。由此可知，如果想讓大腦中和愉快相關(guān)的神經(jīng)激活，那么我們可以做一些讓自己愉快的事。故選C。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Whydoesmusichavesomanybenefits?Theanswermaybebecauseitusessomanydifferentpartsofthebrain.(為什么音樂有這么多好處？答案可能是因為它使用了大腦的許多不同部位。)”可知，本段主要解釋了音樂之所以有這么多好處的原因。故選B。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“However,thereisnodoubtthatscientistshaveshownthatmusicisanextremelypowerfulartformwithmanypositiveeffects.(然而，毫無疑問，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)證明，音樂是一種極其強(qiáng)大的藝術(shù)形式，具有許多積極的影響。)”可知，作者也贊同音樂有很多積極的影響。故選A。二、七選五Spaceiswhereourfutureis—tripstotheMoon,Marsandbeyond.Mostpeoplewouldthinkthatapartfromets(彗星)andstars,thereislittleelseoutthere.17Scientistsarenowconcernedthatifwedon’tcleanitup,wemayallbeingreatdanger.Thefirstpieceofspacejunkwascreatedintheyearof1964,whentheAmericansatelliteVanguardIstoppedoperating.18However,sinceitkeptorbitingaroundtheEarthwithoutanyresults,scientistsbecameincreasinglyfortableabandoningthingsthatnolongerservedanyusefulpurposeinspace.19Thejunkvariesfromtinypiecesofpaintchippedoffrocketstocameras,hugefueltanks,andevenodditemslikethemilliondollartoolkitthatastronautHeidemarieStefanyshynPiperlostduringaspacewalk.Themajorproblemwiththespacetrashisthatitmayhitworkingsatellitesanddamagetravellingspaceship.Inadditiontothis,manypiecesofjunkmaycrashwitheachotherandbreakintopieceswhichfallbacktotheEarth.20Groundstationshavebeenbuilttomonitorlargerpiecesofspacetrashtopreventthemfromcrashingintoworkingsatellitesorspaceshuttles.21Theywillstoplitteringinspaceandtocleanupthetrashalreadythere.A．Itlostitsconnectionwiththegroundcentre.B．Toavoidthis,scientistshaveinventedseveralwaysforclearingthesky.C．ThejunkfloatsslowlyaroundtheEarth.D．However,sinceourspacejourneystarted,wehaveleftmuchtrashinspace.E．Itissaidthattherearenowover500,000piecesofmanmadetrashorbitingtheEarthatspeedsofupto17,500milesperhour.F．Futureplansincludeacooperativeeffortamongmanynations.G．Ithasn’tresultedinanyseriousproblemsuptonow.【答案】17．D18．A19．E20．B21．F【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了第一片人造太空垃圾是一個破碎的衛(wèi)星，因為它沒有造成任何問題，所以科學(xué)家最初并沒有關(guān)心太空垃圾。隨著太空垃圾越來越多，科學(xué)家意識到如果不及時清理太空垃圾，人類將面臨危險。17．根據(jù)下文“Scientistsarenowconcernedthatifwedon’tcleanitup,wemayallbeingreatdanger.(科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在擔(dān)心，如果我們不清理它，我們都可能處于巨大的危險之中)”可知，空處應(yīng)是說太空垃圾越來越多，因此引起了科學(xué)家的擔(dān)心，D選項“然而，自從我們的太空之旅開始以來，我們在太空中留下了許多垃圾”符合題意。故選D項。18．根據(jù)上文“Thefirstpieceofspacejunkwascreatedintheyearof1964,whentheAmericansatelliteVanguardIstoppedoperating.(第一塊太空垃圾產(chǎn)生于1964年，當(dāng)時美國的先鋒一號衛(wèi)星停止運(yùn)行)”可知，衛(wèi)星停止運(yùn)作當(dāng)然會造成衛(wèi)星和地面的中心失去聯(lián)系，A選項“它與地面中心失去了聯(lián)系”符合題意。故選A項。19．根據(jù)下文“Thejunkvariesfromtinypiecesofpaintchippedoffrocketstocameras,hugefueltanks,andevenodditemslikethemilliondollartoolkitthatastronautHeidemarieStefanyshynPiperlostduringaspacewalk.(這些垃圾從火箭上脫落的小塊油漆到照相機(jī)、巨大的燃料箱不等，甚至還有一些奇怪的東西，比如宇航員HeidemarieStefanyshynPiper在太空行走中丟失的價值百萬美元的工具包)”可知，此段涉及太空中各種各樣的垃圾，E選項“據(jù)說現(xiàn)在有50多萬人造垃圾以每小時17500英里的速度環(huán)繞地球”符合題意。故選E項。20．上文“Themajorproblemwiththespacetrashisthatitmayhitworkingsatellitesanddamagetravellingspaceship.Inadditiontothis,manypiecesofjunkmaycrashwitheachotherandbreakintopieceswhichfallbacktotheEarth.(太空垃圾的主要問題是它可能會撞擊工作中的衛(wèi)星并損壞飛行中的宇宙飛船。除此之外，許多垃圾碎片可能會相互碰撞，破撞成碎片，落回地球)”提到太空垃圾的危害，下文“Groundstationshavebeenbuilttomonitorlargerpiecesofspacetrashtopreventthemfromcrashingintoworkingsatellitesorspaceshuttles.(已經(jīng)建立了地面站來監(jiān)測較大的太空垃圾，以防止它們撞到正在工作的衛(wèi)星或航天飛機(jī)上)”是減少太空垃圾危害的措施，故空處應(yīng)是說科學(xué)家尋求解決太空垃圾的辦法，下文就是介紹具體的處理辦法，B選項“為了避免這種情況，科學(xué)家們發(fā)明了幾種清理太空的方法”符合題意。故選B項。21．下文“Theywillstoplitteringinspaceandtocleanupthetrashalreadythere.(他們將停止在太空中亂扔垃圾，并清理已經(jīng)存在的垃圾)”提到他們將停止在太空亂扔垃圾，并清理已經(jīng)存在的垃圾，空處應(yīng)是描述另一解決太空垃圾的計劃，指明下文“They”的指代對象，故F選項“未來的計劃包括許多國家之間的合作努力”符合題意，They指的是F項中的“manynations”，故選F項。三、完形填空Theearthquake（地震）wasoverandthecitywasinruins.Ihadnochoicebuttowalkhomewhenallthe22hadstoppedasaresultofthequake.OnmywayhomeI23anoldladyatabakeryshopgivingoutfreebread,whichmademyheart24.Amanwasholdingasignsaying,"Pleaseuseour25."Hewas26hishouseforpeopletogotothebathroom.Myfriend,whowantedtobeofhelptoothers,stoodinthecoldwithasign"Ifyoudon't27acar,I'llbegladtodriveyouhome."AndthenIsawhimpickupanoldmananddrivehimallthewaytoafarawayplace!ThennextdayIdrovetohavemycarfilledup.Therewasnotenough28nowandmanygasstationswereeitherclosedorhavevery29lines.Igotworried,sinceIwasbehindfifteencars.Finally,whenmyturncame,themansmiledandsaid,"30thisterribleearthquake,weareonlygiving$30worthgasperperson.Isthatalright?""31.It'snicethatweareallabletoshare,"Isaid.Hissmilegavemesomuchfort.AttheescapecentreIsawaman32whenpeoplebroughtfoodtohim.Itwasthefirsttimeinthreedaysthatfoodhadbeenbroughttotheircentre.However,afterhecleanedupthetears,hisnext33surprisedme."Iamvery34thatweareprovidedwithfood.Butpeopleinthecitynexttoushaven't35anyfoodatall.Pleasegotothatcentreaswell."Hearingthat,Ibelievedtherewasabrightfutureontheothersideofthis36.22．A．life B．business C．rescue D．traffic23．A．noticed B．missed C．ignored D．told24．A．kind B．broken C．warm D．empty25．A．hotel B．toilet C．hospital D．car26．A．opening B．selling C．repairing D．building27．A．buy B．care C．matter D．have28．A．gas B．information C．food D．water29．A．direct B．fine C．long D．thin30．A．Exceptfor B．Togetherwith C．Insteadof D．Becauseof31．A．Notatall B．Ofcourse C．Noway D．Nevermind32．A．crying B．eating C．smiling D．singing33．A．ways B．roles C．words D．promises34．A．sure B．grateful C．surprised D．proud35．A．bought B．wasted C．prepared D．received36．A．disaster B．chance C．city D．centre【答案】22．D23．A24．C25．B26．A27．D28．A29．C30．D31．B32．A33．C34．B35．D36．C【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者所生活的城市遭受了地震，很多人的無私援助讓作者感到溫暖，而一些受災(zāi)群眾的舉動也讓作者感到這個城市會有光明的未來。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我別無選擇，只能步行回家，因為所有的交通都因為地震而停運(yùn)了。A.life生活；B.business生意；C.rescue救援；D.traffic交通。根據(jù)“Ihadnochoicebuttowalkhome”可知，地震使得交通癱瘓，作者只能步行回家，故選D。23．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我注意到一位面包店的老太太在免費(fèi)分發(fā)面包，這讓我感到很溫暖。A.noticed注意到；B.missed想念；C.ignored忽視；D.told告訴。下文“anoldladyatabakeryshopgivingoutfreebread”是作者在回家的路上看到的暖心一幕，故選A。24．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.kind善良的；B.broken破碎的；C.warm溫暖的；D.empty空的。根據(jù)語境，地震后老太太免費(fèi)分發(fā)面包的一幕讓作者感到很溫暖，故選C。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一名男子舉著一塊牌子，上面寫著：“請用我們的衛(wèi)生間?！盇.hotel酒店；B.toilet衛(wèi)生間；C.hospital醫(yī)院；D.car轎車。根據(jù)下文“thebathroom”可知此處指“衛(wèi)生間”，故選B。26．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他打開家門讓人們使用衛(wèi)生間。A.opening打開、開放；B.selling銷售；C.repairing修理；D.building建造。根據(jù)“hishouseforpeopletogotothebathroom.”可知，他打開家門讓人們使用衛(wèi)生間，故選A。27．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的朋友想幫助別人，他冒著嚴(yán)寒站在那里，舉著一個牌子：“如果你沒有車，我很樂意開車送你回家”。A.buy買；B.care在乎；C.matter要緊；D.have有。根據(jù)“I'llbegladtodriveyouhome.”可知，他主動提出開車送沒有車的人回家，故選D。28．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在沒有足夠的汽油，許多加油站要么關(guān)閉，要么排很長的隊。A.gas汽油；B.information信息；C.food食物；D.water水。根據(jù)下文“gasstations”可知此處指汽油供應(yīng)不足，故選A。29．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.direct直接的；B.fine好的；C.long長的；D.thin瘦的。根據(jù)語境和常識，由于汽油供應(yīng)不足，加油需要排很長的隊，故選C。30．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：最后，輪到我的時候，那個人笑著說：“由于這場大地震，我們每人只提供價值30美元的汽油，可以么？”A.Exceptfor除了；B.Togetherwith和、與……一起；C.Insteadof而不是；D.Becauseof由于。根據(jù)語境，地震是造成汽油供應(yīng)不足的原因，故選D。31．考查固定短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)然（可以）。A.Notatall沒關(guān)系；B.Ofcourse當(dāng)然；C.Noway不可能；D.Nevermind不客氣。根據(jù)“It'snicethatweareallabletoshare”可知，作者同意工作人員的說法，故選B。32．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在緊急避難中心，我看到一個人在別人給他送食物時哭了。A.crying哭；B.eating吃；C.smiling微笑；D.singing歌唱。根據(jù)下文“afterhecleanedupthetears”可知，他感動得哭了，故選A。33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在他擦干眼淚后，他接下來的話讓我吃驚。A.ways方法；B.roles角色；C.words話語；D.promises承諾。下文引號里的內(nèi)容是那個人說的話，故選C。34．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很感激我們有食物吃。但在我們隔壁的城市里，人們根本沒有收到任何食物。請也去那個避難中心（送食物）。A.sure確定的；B.grateful感激的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.proud驕傲的。根據(jù)語境和常識，在地震后得到食物應(yīng)該是非常感激的，故選B。35．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.bought買；B.wasted浪費(fèi)；C.prepared準(zhǔn)備；D.received收到。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞But及下文“Pleasegotothatcentreaswell.”可知，隔壁城市的受災(zāi)群眾根本沒有收到任何食物，故選D。36．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：聽到這些，我相信在這個城市有一個光明的未來。A.disaster災(zāi)難；B.chance機(jī)會；C.city城市；D.centre中心。根據(jù)文章開頭“thecitywasinruins”可知，作者相信在這個城市有一個光明的未來，故選C。四、語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。DumplingsarethemostessentialandpopularfoodforChinesepeople,especiallyinnorthernChina.Thereisalegend(傳說)forthis37(tradition)food.ZhangZhongjing,afamousmedicalscientistattheendoftheEasternHanDynasty,foundthathisfellowtownsmensufferedfromcoldnessandhungerinwinter.