Unit-8大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課件

高等院校研究生英語(yǔ)系列教材綜合教程（上）INTEGRATEDCOURSE1精選2021版課件Unit8

SmarterTransportation

2精選2021版課件Content

Startingout

ReadingFocus

ReadingMore

PracticalTranslation

FocusedWriting

FinalProject3精選2021版課件Task1Workinpairs.ChooseyourfavoritecarfromthecarsgivenonP220andtellyourpartnerwhyyoulikeitbest.Startingout—Task14精選2021版課件Task2

Roleplay.Workoutaconversationwithyourpartnerinwhichoneofyoudreamsofhavingacarandliststhebenefits,whiletheotherplaystheopposingroleandcomplainsaboutthedamagecausedbycars.

Startingout—Task25精選2021版課件Usefulwordsandexpressions:Benefits:convenient,comfortable,luxurious,enjoyfreedom,higherstandardofliving,privacy,independence,takebettercareoftheyoungandtheaged,protectedfrompickpockets,Shortcomings:jamtheroads,energy-consuming,highcost,emissions,airpollution,theftfromcarparks,breakdowns,stressfuldriving.Startingout—Task26精選2021版課件Startingout--Task2Task3

Discusswithyourgroupmembershowtosolvetheproblemoftrafficcongestionincities?Youmaygivesomesuggestionsonhowtoimprovetheroadsandtrafficregulationsandhowtomakecarssmartertoavoidbeingcaughtintrafficjams.7精選2021版課件GPS(GlobalPositioningSystem)guidesdriverstotherightplacewithoutwonderingaboutonthestreets.Carscanbemadesmaller,too.Thelatestconceptcarsarefoldableinordertosaveparkingspace.Startingout--Task28精選2021版課件TheHiddenDangerofSeatBeltsReadingFocus9精選2021版課件

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation110精選2021版課件Itiswell-knownthatseatbeltisoneofthesafetymeasuresaimingtosavelives,preventinjuries,andreducecarcrashes.Whydoesthewritersaythereare“hiddendangers”causedbybucklingseatbelts?Wouldyougiveanexampletosupportthisstatement?BackgroundInformation11精選2021版課件ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingIt’scommonknowledgethat___________________________________.But,accordingtoJohnAdams________________________________________.Adamsexplainshisresearchintermsof______________.Forexample,seatbeltsmaycause_______________________,andthusposerisksto______________________________________.Therearemanyfactorsthataffectrisk,including_______________________________.Completethefollowingextract.

seatbeltsdecreaseour.riskofdyinginanaccidenttherealityismessierandmorecomplicatedthanthatriskcompensationpeopletodrivemorerecklesslyotherpassengersorpedestriansaswellasthemselvesfinancial,physicaloremotionalrewards12精選2021版課件Task2Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext.Key:2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10ABAABBABBAReadingFocus

–DetailedInformation13精選2021版課件CriticalThinkingReadingFocus14精選2021版課件StepOneInthetext,theauthorsaid:Seatbeltsmayactuallycausepeopletodrivemorerecklessly.Seatbeltssavelives.

Ayoungmanis100timesmorelikelytobeinvolvedinaseverecarcrashthanisamiddle-agedwoman.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking15精選2021版課件StepTwoDiscussingroups:ReadingFocus—CriticalThinkingWhatsafetymeasureshavebeenincludedincardesigns?WhydoesJohnAdamssaythatdrivingat3:00a.m.onaSundayoneismorethan100timesmorelikelytodiethansomeonedrivingat10:00a.m.?Canyouexplainthissituationaccordingtotheriskcompensationtheory?16精選2021版課件1.Seatbeltsstilldecreaseourriskofdyinginanaccident,butthestatisticsarenotallblackandwhite.(Para.1)blackandwhite:1)(ofaphotograph,film,televisionprogramme,orillustration)inblack,white,shadesofgrey,andnoothercolour

e.g.

oldblack-and-whitemovies

2)(ofasituationordebate)involvingclearlydefinedopposingprinciplesorissues

e.g.

Itwasallgreyareas;noblack-and-whitecertainties.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

17精選2021版課件2.Whathefoundwasthatcontrarytoconventionalwisdom,mandatingtheuseofseatbeltsin18countriesresultedineithernochangeoractuallyanetincreaseinroadaccidentdeaths.(Para.2)mandate:require(something)tobedone;makemandatorye.g.

Thegovernmentbeganmandatingbettercarsafety.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

18精選2021版課件3.Ifheiswearingaseatbeltandhiscarhasfrontandsideairbagsandanti-skidbrakestoboot,hemayinturndriveabitmoredaringly.

(Para.3)

to

boot:usedattheendofalistofremarkstoemphasizethem

e.g.

1)Heiskind,handsomeandwealthytoboot.2)Shewasagreatsportswoman,andbeautifultoboot.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

19精選2021版課件4.Inthecaseofseatbelts,insteadofasimple,straightforwardreductionindeaths,theendresultisactuallyamorecomplicatedredistributionofriskandfatalities.(Para.4)

redistribute:v.togivesomethingtoeachmemberofagroupsothatitisdividedupinadifferentwayfrombefore再分配，再分發(fā)

e.g.:

Theirprimaryconcernwastoredistributeincomefrom

richtopoor.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

20精選2021版課件5.Consequently,anysinglemeasurementassignedtotheriskofdrivingacarisboundtobeonlytheroughestsortofbenchmark.(Para.5)

benchmark:somethingthatisusedasastandardbywhichotherthingscanbejudgedormeasured基準(zhǔn)

e.g.

1)Thevaluationbecomesabenchmarkagainstwhich

tojudgeotherprices. 2)Testsattheageofsevenprovideabenchmark

againstwhichthechild’sprogressatschoolcanbe

measured.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

21精選2021版課件Keytostep11-2-3-4-5- 6- 7- 8-Task1Step1Matchthewordsintheleftcolumnwiththeircorrectmeaningsintherightcolumn.Notethateachwordhasmorethanonemeaning.e,mc,jb,qg,na,f,lh,ik,od,pReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

bootboundfatalnegotiatenettheoddsrewardvacuum22精選2021版課件Step2Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordorphraseandwritedownthecorresponding

meaning(markeda—qinthetableabove)attheendofeachsentence.Changetheformifnecessary.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

Keytostep21-2-3-4-5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-

boot(m)vacuum(p)rewarded(o)reward(k)net(f)

negotiating(n)odds(h)odds(i)Fatal(b)negotiations(g)23精選2021版課件Task2Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordorphrasefromeachgroup.Changetheformifnecessary.

ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

1.blackandwhiteinblackandwhiteA.Partoftheproblemisthatweonlyseetheissuesas

__________________.B.Onceit’sdown________________,youcan’tforgetit.C.Istillgetathrillseeingre-runsofold_______________

moviesonSaturdayafternoontelevision.blackandwhiteinblackandwhiteblack-and-white24精選2021版課件ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction2.onthescenebehindthescenessetthesceneA.Theaccidentvictimdiedbeforetheambulancearrived

______________.B.Foster______________beforetheperformancesothattheaudienceknowswhattoexpect.C.Womenmaketheircontributionintheworldeitherinhigh-profileor_______________.onthescenesetthescenebehindthescene25精選2021版課件ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction3.makeadifferencemakeallthedifferencemakeanydifferencemakenodifference

A.Hetoldmeheshouldhavebeenmorecareful,butthatitwould___________________.B.Thelightingwill__________________tohowwellpeoplecanseethepicture.C.Willexercise____________________tomychancesofgettingfat?D.Afewkindwordsattherighttime__________________

_____________.makenodifferencemakeadifferencemakeanydifference

makeall

thedifference26精選2021版課件ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

4.workonworkoutworkagainstA.Ifyou___________itsteadilyyoushouldwinthroughintheend.B.Criticisingthesecurityproceduresusually___________makingthemeffective.C.Whydon’tyouleavehimheretillyouseehowthings___________?workonworkagainstworkout27精選2021版課件ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction5.spreadoutspreadthroughspreadtoA.Buddhism_________ChinafromIndia.B.Felixwatchedhismen____________tocoverthe

wholearea.C.Amassmovementagainstforcedlabor______________thestate.spreadtospreadoutspreadthrough28精選2021版課件Task3Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordorphrasefromthefourchoicesgivenbelow.Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-ABBDABCBDCReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

29精選2021版課件IntelligentTransportationSystems—ITSReadingMore30精選2021版課件ReadingMore

GlobalUnderstanding

DetailedInformation

CriticalThinking

LanguagePoints

VocabularyinAction1

2

3

4

5

31精選2021版課件Answerthefollowingquestions:1.Whatistheusualsolutionforreducingtrafficinmajorcities?__________________________________________________.2.WhatdoesITSreferto?__________________________________________________.3.HowcanITSsolvetrafficproblems?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Towidenhighways.ITSsolvestheproblemsthroughengineeringandtechnology.Thatistosay,bycombiningthehardware,software,andnetworkingnecessarytogather,process,anddistributeinformationabouttrafficflows.IntelligentTransportationSystem.ReadingMore—Global

Understanding32精選2021版課件4.WhatdoesthewriterwanttosaybycitingtheexampleofEMS?___________________________________________________________________________________________.5.WhatisthefirststepinrunninganITSsystem?________________________________________________6.Whatisusedinthedatacollectingstage?__________________________________________ITSwillimprovethesafetyandeficiencyofprovidingemergencyhelponcityfreeways.Informationgathering.ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingInfraredcameras,loopdetectorsandcomputers.33精選2021版課件7.WhatisthesecondstepofrunninganITSsystem?__________________________________________________8.Whatisthethirdstep?Whatisthisstepequipped

with?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________.Transmittingthegatheredinformation.Collectingandprocessingthedata.Acentralstationisneeded.Itisequippedwithapowerfulmainframecomputerandalotofstoragespace.ReadingMore—Global

Understanding34精選2021版課件9.WhatisthesignificanceofusingITS?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.10.WhydoestheUSgovernmentsupportITS?___________________________________________________________________________________________Byprocessingandanalyzingdata,thesystemworksouttrafficcongestionpatternsandmakespredictionsonthepossibleoccurrencesofcongestiononcertainroutes.Thishelpsreducetrafficcongestion,andengineersareabletoaccuratelyandquicklymonitortheentiresystem.ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingBecausegovernmentsandpoliticianshaverealizedthatweneedtomakethehighwayssmarter,notjustwider.35精選2021版課件Task2

Readthefollowingstatementsanddecidewhethertheyaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetext.Key:2)3)4)5)

6)7)8) 9) 10)TFFFTTTFReadingMore—DetailedInformationFT36精選2021版課件CriticalThinkingReadingMore37精選2021版課件Discussingroupsthefollowingquestions.1.

ScientistshavedevelopedanIntelligentDriverInformationSystem(IDIS).Althoughdriverscan’tseeIDIS,theyhavebenefitedfromthesystem.Tonameafew,driverswillbegivenawarningiftheydozeoffwhiledriving,iftheyaredistractedinintensivetrafficsituations,andifthewasherfluidlevelislow.ImagineaswildasyoucananddescribewhatyouwanttheIDIStodoforyouwithyourdreamcar.ReadingMore—CriticalThinking38精選2021版課件2.InacaraccidentinHangzhouonMay7,2009,auniversitygraduatewashittodeathbyasportcardriver,whowasspeedingonacrowdedcityroad.Thecasehasarousedaheateddiscussiononcivicsafetyandsecurityendangeredbyspeedingandotherpoordrivinghabits.Whatshouldbedonetostopsuchdriversfromcausingmoredeaths?ReadingMore—CriticalThinking39精選2021版課件3.Haveyoueverencounteredanydangeroussituationsintraffic?Orhaveyouwitnessedanydangerousbehaviorsofsomedrivers?Whatdoyouthinkofsuchexperiences?4.Somelawyersproposethatheavilyspeedingbehaviorshouldbesuedforendangeringcivicsafetyandinnocentlives.Themostseverepunishmentcanwellbedeathpenalty.What’syouropinion?ReadingMore—CriticalThinking40精選2021版課件1.Personaltransportationistrulyamarvelofthetwentiethcentury.

(Para.1)

marvel:

somethingorsomeonethatisextremelyusefulorskilful

e.g.

1)Thebridgeisanengineeringmarvel.

2)

Itisamarvelthatthepatienthasaplace

whererecoveredcompletely.

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

41精選2021版課件2.IfthesystemisintegratedintothetransportationinfrastructuresothatEMSisalertedwithinsecondsofatrafficaccident,manylivescanbesaved.(Para.4)

integratedinto:withcombineorworktogetherinawaythatmakessomethingmoreeffective

e.g.

1)Wemustintegratetheorywithpractice. 2)Transportplanningshouldbeintegratedwithenergy

policy

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

42精選2021版課件3.TheproblemisthatitwouldrequireamassiveworkforcetosuccessfullyimplementthissortofprograminamajorcitylikeLosAngeles.(Para.5)

implement

:totakeactionormakechangesthatyouhaveofficiallydecidedshouldhappen

e.g.1)Knowinghowtoimplementthosechangesisproceduralknowledge. 2)Veryfewpartiesingovernmenteverwanttoimplementmajorpoliticalreform.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

43精選2021版課件4.Thisisamassiveundertaking;imagineconnectingahugenumberofsensorsspreadoutoverthefreewaysystemofanentirecity!(Para.10)spreadout:tocoveralargearea

e.g.

1)Thecityspreadoutbelowherlookedsocalm. 2)Thesearchpartyspreadouttosearchthesurrounding

fields.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

44精選2021版課件5.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentisbackingITSasamoreusefulmethodtosolvethetrafficproblemthanjustbuildingmoreroads.

(Para.13)

backing:tosupportsomeoneorsomethingespeciallywithmoney,power,orinfluence

e.g.:

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

1)Theschemehasbeenbackedbyseveralmajorcompaniesintheregion.

2)Thereisanewwitnesstobackhisclaimthatheisavictimofmistakenidentity.45精選2021版課件6.Improvementsareconstantlybeingworkedon.(Para.13)

workon:tospendtimemakingorfixingsomething

e.g.

1)Hehasbeenworkingonanewnovelforoverayearnow. 2)Everyweekendyouseehimworkingonhiscar.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

46精選2021版課件Task1accommodateastoundingautonomouscongestionequivalentimplementintegratemakeadifferencemetropolitanoccurrenceopticalpermanentspreadoutworkonFillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordorphrasefromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.1.Migrantworkersaretobe_____________neartheplacewheretheywork.2.Hetreatedusas_____________individualswhohadtolearntomakeupourownmindsaboutimportantissues.3.Parkingneartheschoolcausesseveretraffic___________.congestionReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

accommodatedautonomous47精選2021版課件4.Peopleandcorporationsare__________entitiesunderthelaw.5.Weshouldgoastepfurtherto__________scientificandtechnologicaladvanceswitheconomicdevelopment.6.Thechoiceofresearchdesign__________________tothesubstantiveresults.7.The____________areaofBostonisamajorcenterfortechnologymanufacturing,publishing,banking,andfinance.8.Wordslistedinthisbook_______frequently.9.LastnightMr.Brownwas____________thefinaldetailsofhis￡4billiongiveaway.10.A(n)___________employeeisonewhoisemployedforanunlimitedlengthoftime.equivalentintegratemakesadifferencemetropolitanoccurReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

workingonpermanent48精選2021版課件1.Themansignalledformeto____________thechildrentogether.2.Theystartedoutbylookingatthecomputerscreenswhich_______________theimages.3.Whybotherbakingapotatowhenapacketof_________isathand?4.Ifyou____________informationorevidence,youcollectit,especiallyoveraperiodoftimeandafteralotofhardwork.5.Thegatesare______________byacomputerizedsystem.crisps(a)display(c)

gather(a)

ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

Task2Readthewordsandtheirexplanationsinthebox.Chooseawordtocompleteeachofthesentencesbelowandexplainitsmeaning.Changetheformifnecessary.gather(b)

controlled(a)49精選2021版課件

6.Hewas__________andwellgroomedbutnotveryclever.7.Anaudio-visual___________givesvisitorsanideaofwhatlifewaslikeaboardasailingship.8.Theautumnskyisclearandtheairis___________.9.___________bombsandweaponsareguidedbycomputersandlaserssothattheyhittheirtargetsaccurately.10.Thework___________arrivedtorepairthebrokenfence.smart(c)display(b)crisp(c)Smart(b)

ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

party(c)50精選2021版課件Task3IntelligentTransportSystems(ITS)isthenamegiventothe1)__________ofcomputerandcommunicationtechnologiestotransportproblems.Ina(n)2)_________changingsocietytheemphasisonroadtechnologyimprovementstoassistinroad3)_____________hasbeenidentified.TherapidadvancesinITStechnologieshaveenabledthe4)__________ofdataorintelligencewhichprovidesrelevantandtimelyinformationtoroadmanagersandusers.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.applicationrapidlymanagementReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

collection51精選2021版課件JapanseemstohaveinitiatedthewholemoderndaynotionofITSwithworkcarriedoutinthe1980s.TheUnitedStateswasalsoaddressingtheapplicationofITSatanearlystageinthe5)_________oftheElectronicRouteGuidanceproject(ERGS)inthe1970s.TheEuropeanUnionpickedupthetheme,andreferredtoitasRoadTransportInformatics.Inthecourseoftimethenameofthistechnologywassubjectedtomanychanges6)__________theUSAgaveitthenameITS.untilcourse

ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

52精選2021版課件IntelligentTransportsystems7)_________widerapplicationoftechnologytotransitsystemsaswellas8)________carandhighways.BenefitsgivenbyITStoanytransportation9)___________thatintroduceitare:improvedsafety,improvedtrafficefficiency,reduced10)__________,improvedenvironmentalqualityandenergyefficiencyandimprovedeconomicproductivity.includesystemprivateReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

congestion53精選2021版課件PracticalTranslation54精選2021版課件翻譯詞匯時(shí)最忌諱的可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)詞對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)詞地“死譯”,即不考慮詞的深層含義以及詞在短語(yǔ)中的含義，而是生搬硬套地逐詞翻譯，從而曲解了原文。翻譯一個(gè)詞，必須先理解它在上下文中所處的地位及與其他詞的搭配關(guān)系再進(jìn)行貼切的翻譯。翻譯詞匯應(yīng)注意如下三方面的問(wèn)題：1.一詞多義：有時(shí)單詞在不同的上下文中含義不同，應(yīng)注意利用上下文加以區(qū)別2.短語(yǔ)的含義：在一些固定搭配的短語(yǔ)里，詞義也會(huì)相應(yīng)地發(fā)生變化，應(yīng)注意積累這一類(lèi)短語(yǔ)。3.兩種語(yǔ)言的文化背景差異詞匯的翻譯55精選2021版課件Sometimes,psychographicprofilescanbequitedetailed.TaketheAccord.HondaMotorreportsthatthecar’sownersliketovacuumtheirgarages.Youcan’tsaythey’renotclean.有時(shí)候，心理剖析可以非常詳細(xì)。以“雅閣”為例，本田汽車(chē)報(bào)告稱(chēng)，“雅閣”汽車(chē)的主人喜歡用吸塵器打掃他們的車(chē)庫(kù)。你不能說(shuō)他們不干凈。

點(diǎn)評(píng)：在翻譯專(zhuān)有名詞時(shí)，使用其約定俗成的名稱(chēng)。

TranslatethefollowngparagraphsintoChinese.56精選2021版課件2.Wealsofoundthatsometimesmessagessentoutbyseeminglysimilarcarscanbequitedifferent.ConsidertwopremierBritishluxurysedans:Bentley’sArnageandRolls’Phantom.Botharestatelyandfast,buteachoneattractsadifferentkindofcustomer.

我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，有時(shí)看上去類(lèi)似的汽車(chē)可能傳達(dá)了完全不同的信息，比如英國(guó)最好的兩種豪華轎車(chē)：賓利公司的“雅致”和勞斯萊斯公司的“幻影”，兩者都是高貴而快捷，但它們卻各自吸引了不同類(lèi)型的客戶(hù)。

點(diǎn)評(píng)：在翻譯專(zhuān)有名詞時(shí)，使用其約定俗成的名稱(chēng)。57精選2021版課件3.TheBentleybuyerwantsanunderstatedheirloomthatheorshecanpassdownthroughthegenerations;over80%ofallBentleysevermadearestillontheroadtoday.ThePhantombuyer,ontheotherhand,islookingforinstantrecognition.Thecarhasapresencethatreallydemandsattentionwhereveritgoes.賓利的買(mǎi)主想要的是低調(diào)的、但是可以在幾代人之間世代相傳的傳家寶；有史以來(lái)所生產(chǎn)的賓利，80%以上至今仍跑在路上。然而，“幻影”的買(mǎi)家卻期盼一夜成名，該車(chē)的外表使得它所到之處無(wú)不引人注目。點(diǎn)評(píng)：這里，將instantrecognition譯為“一夜成名”，使譯文更加簡(jiǎn)潔。58精選2021版課件ABibliographyFocusedWriting59精選2021版課件Thereareanumberofdifferentstylesofbibliographyoftenusedfordifferenttypesoftext,asfollows:*APA:forpsychology,education,andothersocialsciences.*MLA:forliterature,arts,andhumanities.*AMA:formedicine,health,andbiologicalsciences.*Turabian:designedforcollegestudentstousewithall

subjects.*Chicago:usedwithallsubjectsinthe“realworld”bybooks,

magazines,newspapers,andothernon-scholarly

publications.FocusedWriting—WritingSkill60精選2021版課件Thereisaclearformattofollowinanystyleofbibliography.Takeforexample,rulesoftheChicagostyle:FocusedWriting—WritingSkill*Listentriesinalphabeticalorder—donotnumberthem.*Ifthenameoftheauthorisunknown,usethetitletoalphabetize.Besuretoignorethewords“The”,“A”and“An”ifthetitlebeginswiththem.Forexample,“TheSinkingoftheTitanic”,ifithasnoauthor,shouldbealphabetizedunder“Sinking”.61精選2021版課件*Keepcapitalizationconsistent.Capitalizeeachwordinatitle,evenifthetitleintheoriginalarticleisnotcapitalized.*Doublespacebetweensources,singlespacewithineachentry.*Indentthesecondandallsucceedinglinesforeachentry.*Use“n.p.”toindicate“noplace”whenthereisnolocationgivenforthepublisher.FocusedWriting—WritingSkill62精選2021版課件Someparticularrulesofcitingdifferentsources:Citingaprintedbook

FocusedWriting—WritingSkill*Author’slastname,firstname,followedbyaperiod*Titleofthebook,italicizedorunderlined,followedbyaperiod*Cityofpublication,followedbyacolon*Nameofthepublisher,followedbyacomma*Dateofpublication,followedbyaperiod.63精選2021版課件Forexample:

Waterman,Jonathan.ArcticCrossing:AJourneyThroughtheNorthwestPassageandInuitCulture.NewYork:AlfredAKnopf,2001.FocusedWriting—WritingSkill64精選2021版課件CitinganonlinebookAuthor’slastname,firstname,followedbyaperiodTitleofthebook,italicizedorunderlined,followedbyaperiodCityofpublication,followedbyacolonNameofthepublisher,followedbyacommaDateofpublication,followedbyaperiodThewords:“Availablefrom”:andthetitleofthesite,followedbyacommaHost<URL>Accessdatewithinparenthese,followedbyaperiod

FocusedWriting—WritingSkill65精選2021版課件Forexample:Honey,Maureen.BitterFruit:AfricanAmericanWomeninWorldWarII.Columbia,MO:UniversityofMissouriPress,1999.Availablefrom:PeninsulaLibrarySystemNetLibrary,<:2136>(accessed22March2005).FocusedWriting—WritingSkill66精選2021版課件CitingaprintedencyclopediaTitleofencyclopediainitalics,followedbyaperiodandaspaceEditionifknown,abbreviated,followedbyaperiodandaspaceTheletterss.v.(meaning“undertheword”)followedbyaspaceTheheadingfortheencyclopedicentry,followedbyaperiodandwithinquotationmarks.FocusedWriting—WritingSkill67精選2021版課件Forexample:WorldBookEncyclopedia.2003ed.s.v.“IndustrialRevolution.”EncyclopediaofModernAsia.Ed.DavidLevinson,KarenChristenson(NewYork:CharlesScribner’sSons,2002).s.v.“Indo-ChinaWar.”FocusedWriting—WritingSkill68精選2021版課件CitinganonlineencyclopediaTitleofencyclopediainitalics,followedbyaperiodandaspaceEditionifknown,abbreviated,followedbyaperiodandaspaceTheletterss.v.(meaning“undertheword”)followedbyaspaceTheheadingfortheencyclopedicentry,followedbyaperiodandwithinquotationmarksThewords“Availablefrom”followedbyacolonIfapaidsubscription,providethenameofthesponsoringorganization(abbreviateLibraryasLib.)URLofsponsoringorganization,oroffreeonlineencyclopedia,withinbrackets,followedbyaspaceAccessdatewithinparentheses,followedbyaperiod.

FocusedWriting—WritingSkill69精選2021版課件Forexample:EncyclopediaBritannicaOnline.s.v.“JohnLennon.”Availablefrom:MenloSchoolLib.<>(accessed8December2005).FocusedWriting—WritingSkill70精選2021版課件Citingaprintedperiodical*Author’slastname,firstname,followedbyaperiod*Titleofarticle,inquotation