高考英語閱讀理解詞義猜測含解析

高考英語閱讀理解：詞義猜測（含解析）

詞義猜測一

1、HewasoncereferredtoasthePicassoofpoetry.BelovedbyChileansofallclasses,

heisoneofthemostwidelyreadandrespectedpoetsinhistory.Andthisyearis

the108thbirthdayofPabloNeruda（1904—1973）.

BornwiththenameNeftaliRicardoReyesBasoalto,hewasatall,shyandlonely

boy.Helovedtoreadandstartedtowritepoetrywhenhewasten.TheAmericanpoet

WaltWhitman,whoseframedpictureNerudalaterkeptonhistable,becameamajor

influenceonhiswork.

However,hisfatherdidnotliketheideaofhavingapoetforasonandtried

todiscouragehimfromwriting.Tocoverupthepublicationofhisfinstpoem,he

tookthepennamePabloNeruda.

In1924NerudagainedfamewithhismostwidelyreadworkTwentyLovePoems

andaSongofDespair.Yethisrichexperienceasadiplomatandexile（被流放者）

madehimgobeyondthethemeoflove.Hisworkalsoreflectedthepoliticalstruggle

oftheleftanddevelopmentofSouthAmerica.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizefor

Literaturein1971.

Nerudalovedtheseawhichhesawascreative,destructiveandforevermoving.

Hefoundinspirationinthepowerandfreedomofthewavesandtheseabirdsonthe

coast...Ineedtheseabecauseitteachesme,“hewrote.〃Imoveintheuniversity

ofthewaves."Helovedhowtheseaforeverreneweditself,arenewalechoedinhis

work.

1.Theunderlinedword“Picasso”canprobablybereplacedby〃

A.mostimportantperson

B.famouspersonfromPicasso

C.freedomfighterinPicasso

D.poemfan

2.NeftaliRicardoReyesBasoaltotookthepennamePabloNerudabecause.

A.literarygreatsusuallyusedthepenname

B.hisfatherencouragedhimtousethename

C.hewantedtopreventhisfatherknowingthepublication

D.hewasgreatlyinfluencedbyotherpoets

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotthethemeofhisworks?

A.Love.

B.Politicalstruggle.

C.Socialreform.

D.DevelopmentofSouthAmerica.

4.Thelastparagraphmainlytellsus.

A.theseagaveNerudavastwritinginspiration

B.thebeautifulsceneryalongtheChilecoast

C.Neruda'spoemswerewidelyreadoverseas

D.Nerudalovedtowritehispoemsnearthesea

2、Americanhighschoolstudentsareterriblewriters,andoneeducation

reformgroupthinksithasananswer:robots,or,moreaccurately<

robot-readers-computersprogrammedtoscanstudentessaysandspitoutagrade.

MarkShermis,professoroftheCollegeofEducationattheUniversityofAkron,

ishelpingtoholdacontest,setupbytheWilliamandFloraHewlettFoundation(WFHF),

whichpromises$100,000inprizemoneytoprogrammerswhowritethebestautomated

gradingsoftware."Ifyou'reahighschoolteacherandyougiveawritingtask,

you'rewalkinghomewith150essays,“Shermissaid."You'regoingtoneedsome

help.”

Automatedessaygradingwasfirstproposedinthe1960s,butcomputersback

thenwerenotuptothetask.Inthelate1990s,astechnologyimproved,several

textbookandtestingcompaniesjumpedintothefield.Today,computersareusedto

gradeessaysinSouthDakota'sstudentwritingassessmentsandahandfulofother

exams,includingtheTOEFLtestofEnglishfluency,takenbyforeignstudents.

TheHewlettcontestaimstoshowthatcomputerscangradeaswellasEnglish

teachers-onlymuchmorequicklyandwithoutallthatdepressingredink.

uAutomatedessayscoringisobjective,“Shermissaid."Anditcanbedone

immediately.Ifstudentsfinishanessayat10p.m.,theygetaresultat10:00

〃

p.m.

Take,forinstance,theIntelligentEssayAssessor,aweb-basedtoolmarketed

byPearsonEducation,Inc.Withinsecondsitcananalyzeanessayforspelling,

grammar,organization,andhelpstudentstomakerevision.Theprogramscansfor

keywordsandanalyzessemantic（語義的）patterns,andPearsonclaimsthatitcan

understandthemeaningofatextmuchthesameasahumanreader.

1.Thetextiswrittentointroduce.

A.Hewlettcontest

B.theeducationreforminAmerica

C.robot-readers

D.WilliamandFloraHewlettFoundation

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"spitout“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Analyze.

B.Organize.

C.Give.

D.Check.

3.WhatdoesParagraph4focuson?

A.Theapplicationofautomatedessayscoring.

B.Theadvantagesofautomatedessayscoring.

C.TheprizeofHewlettcontest.

D.TeachersyopinionsaboutHewlettcontest.

3、StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakes

sensewhenyouconsiderthathe'sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowto

reducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedownthe

road.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendingan

industrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.

Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcities

donotallowthematcheckouts（收專艮臺）.Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90cities

inCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakers

arehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenot

asbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

Amongthebagmakers'argument:manycitieswithbansstillallow

shopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremore

energytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,

theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedas

itsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelonger

itslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lasting

reusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacotton

bagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.

Environmentalistsdon'tdispute（質(zhì)疑）thesepoints.Theyhopepaper

bagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebags

foryears.

1.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.

B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.

D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

2.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?

A.Bansonplasticbags.

B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.

C.Headachescausedbygarbage.

D.Plasticbagshungintrees.

3.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?

A.Theyarequiteexpensive.

B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.

C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.

D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Plastic,PaperorNeither

B.Industry,PollutionandEnvironment

C.RecycleorThrowAway

D.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl

4、DanAustinisawriterandfilmmaker.Heis“saving“theworld,giving

awayonebikeatatime.In2006,Austinandhisbrotherstartedanorganization

called88Bikes.It'sanon-profit（非營利性的）groupthatdeliversbicyclestokids

inneedaroundtheworld.Inlessthanfouryears,thegrouphasgivenawaynearly

800bikesinsevendifferentcountries.

Whatdifferencecanonebicyclemake?〃Abigone,〃saysAustin.Manyofthe

childrenwhohavereceivedbikesfrom88Bikesliveinfarawayareasandinorphanages

51UL院）.Havingabikegivesthekidsasafeandquickwaytogettoschool."Owning

abikecanalsomeanfreedomforayoungperson,andthehappinessthatabikecan

bringisjustmoreimportantthananythingelse,z，Austinexplains."Thismayalso

befavorabletotheirstudybecausebeinghappytheyarelikelytolearnmore,“

Austinadded.

Austinandhisbrotherthoughtoftheideafor88Bikesinanouting.They

oncewenttoCambodiabybike.Aftertheride,theydecidedtogiveawaytheirbikes

toanorphanageinthecityofPhnomPenh."Butthenwerealizedtherewere88kids

attheorphanage,?’Austinsaid."Wewantedtohelptheother86kids,too.',So,

theysetupthegroupaswellasawebsitefordonations.Fourdayslater,there

wasenoughmoneytobuymorethanenoughbicycles.

Alongwiththebikes,allofthechildrenreceivecaps,bikelocksandshoes.

Theyalsoreceivephotosofthepeoplewhomadethedonations."Wewantthemto

knowthatthereissomebodyacrosstheoceanthatalwayscaresaboutthem,“Austin

says.Aworldmapisputonthebackofthephotowhichshowswherethedonors（捐

贈人）live.Thedonorsalsoreceivepicturesofthekidsandtheirnewbikes.

1.DanAustinandhisbrothergiveawaybikesto.

A.savetheworld

B.helpthekids

C.makemoney

D.moveothers

2.Whichofthefollowingmayreplacetheunderlinedword“delivers“inParagraph

1?

A.shows

B.lends

C.sells

D.sends

3.Accordingtothepassage,owningabikemaymakeitpossibleforkidsto.

①savetime②getfreedom③learnmore

?receiverespect⑤behappy⑥keephealthy

A.①②③⑤

B.①③⑤⑥

C.②③④⑤

D.①②⑤⑥

4.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.Thedonorsandthekidscanlearnabouteachother.

B.Austinandhisbrothersetuptheorganizationtwoyearsago.

C.Nearly800bikeshavebeensenttosevencitiesinCambodia.

D.Onlybygoingonanoutingcanbikesbegiventokidsinneed.

5、OneofIndia,stopengineeringschoolshasrestrictedInternetaccessinits

boardinghouses,sayingaddictiontosurfing,gamingandbloggingwasaffecting

students?performance,makingthemlonelyandevensuicidal.

AuthoritiesatthebestIndianInstituteofTechnology(IIT)inMumbaisaid

studentshadstoppedsocializingandmanywerelateformorningclassesorslept

throughthem."Now,astudentdoesn,tevenknowwholivestwodoorsawayfromhim

becauseheissobusyontheInternet,“saidPrakashGopalan,deanofStudentAffairs.

“Theolddormitorycultureofcompanionshipandsocializingamongstudentsisgone.

Thisisnothealthyinouropinion.”

IIT-Mumbai,withabout5,000students,isoneofthesevenIlTsacrossIndia

whichareconsideredtobeamongthefinestengineeringschoolsintheworld.They

arealsoatalentpoolforglobaltechnologygiants.Buttheirhardcourses,tough

competitionandlonelycampuslifestylehavetakenaneffectonstudents.Depressive

anddysfunctionallifestylesareknowntobecommonamongIITstudents,andatleast

ninehavecommittedsuicideinthepastfiveyears.Studentshaveunlimitedfree

Internetaccessintheirboardinghousestohelpthemintheirstudies,butmany

alsouseittosurf,chat,downloadmoviesandmusic,blogandforgaming.

“StartingMonday,Internetaccesswillbebannedbetween11p.m.and12:30

p.m.atIIT-MumbaiJs13boardingbuildingstoencouragestudentstosleepearly

andtotryandforcethemoutoftheirshells."Gopalansaid.Butthemovehasnot

gonedownwellwithstudentswhosaytheyhatetheirlivesbeingregulated."Now

theywillsayweneedtolistentoalullaby(搖籃曲)togotosleep."saidRajiv,

anelectronicsstudent.

1.Accordingtothetext,thestudentsaddictedtotheInternetinIIT-Mumbaiare

likelyto.

A.performwellinstudies

B.participateinsocialactivities

C.knowtheirclassmatesbetter

D.feellonelyandevensuicidal

2.Theunderlinedword“dysfunctional“inParagraph3mostprobablymeans

A.unpopular

B.meaningful

C.abnormal

D.exciting

3.WhatmeasureshavebeentakeninIIT-Mumbai?

A.Studentsmustgotobedbefore11p.m.

B.StudentsareforbiddentosurftheInternetoncampus.

C.StudentshaveunlimitedfreeInternetaccessintheirdormitories.

D.Internetaccessisunavailableindeepnightinboardingbuildings.

4.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat_____.

A.allelectronicsstudentshatethebanningorder

B.somestudentscomplainaboutthebanningorder

C.thereisnoInternetaccessontheIITcampuseversince

D.morestudentspreferlisteningtomusictosurfingtheInternet

6、LUKLA,Nepal-Qomolangma,knownasMountEverestintheWest,once

negativelyrecognizedasthe“world'shighestjunkyard'',issettobecome

cleaneras30,000porters（搬運工）havebeenmobilized（動員）forwastecollectionand

disposalfromthemountainJssouthernside.Thecleanupdrivewaslaunchedrecently

nearLuklaAirport,oneoftheworld'smostdangerousairportsyetavitalgateway

totheworld'shighestpeak.

“OurmajortaskistokeepEverest,whichistheprideoftheworld,clean.

Thiscampaignaimstotransport100tonsofnonbumablegarbagefromtheEverest

regiontoKathmanduin2018,“AngDorjeSherpa,chairmanoftheSagarmathaPollution

ControlCommitteesaid.

TheSPCC,anenvironmentalconservationorganization,hasmadeit

mandatory（強制性的）since2013thateveryclimbershouldcarrydown8kilogramsof

trash,butfortrekkersthereisnosuchregulation.Duetothis,morethan100tons

ofwastegetscollectedintheregionannually.

AccordingtoNepalesegovernmentstatistics,nearly50,000domesticand

foreigntrekkersvisittheQomolangmaregionannually,whilemorethan400

mountaineersattempttoscalethepeak.Thecollectedwastemostlyincludesempty

beerbottlesandcans,oxygenbottles,tomtentsandsleepingbags,foodbins,and

discardedmountaineeringandtrekkingequipment.Thetrashwascollectedbylocal

groupsinmorethanadozenvillageswhilethewastewastransporteddownthemountain

insacks（麻袋）byportersandanimals.Thecleanupcoveredsettlementsfromupto

5,000metersnearthebasecamp,toLuklaAirportlocatedatanaltitudeof2,805

meters.

Onthefirstdayofthecampaign,severaltonsofwastewassentoffto

KathmandufromLuklaonplanesbelongingtoTaraAirlines,oneoftheleadingprivate

airlinesinNepal.Theairlineshavesetanambitioustargetofflyingout100tons

ofwastefromtheregionin2018,asapartofitscommitmenttotheSustainable

DevelopmentGoalsagainstclimatechange.Thecompany'sCEOUmeshChandraRai

said,“Wehopethatthiscampaignwillhelpthelocalpeopletomaintainapristine

（未受損害的），naturalandunspoiledenvironmentsothatmoretrekkerswillcomefrom

everywhere,makingthetrekkingindustryheremoresustainable.z，

1.What'sthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicsituationofMountEverest.

B.Theintroductionofthecleanupcampaign.

C.Theuniquewaytopreventenvironmentalpollution.

D.Thedescriptionofthemostdangerousairportintheworld.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this"inParagraph3referto?

A.Theruleforvisitorsmadebythelocaltravelagencies.

B.ThecleanupcampaignlaunchedbyAngDorjeSherpa.

C.ThedemandontheclimbersmadebytheSPCC.

D.ThelawforthelocalpeoplemadebytheNepalesegovernment.

3.Howdoestheauthorindicatethatthecleanupcampaignisverytough?

A.Bylistingfigures.

B.Bymakingcomparisons.

C.Bygivingsomeexamples.

D.Byanalyzingsomecauses.

4.What'sUmeshChandraRai'sattitudetowardsthecleanupcampaign?

A.Doubtful.

B.Curious.

C.Enthusiastic.

D.Unfavorable.

答案以及解析

1答案及解析：

答案：1.A;2.C;3.C;4.A

解析：1.詞義豬測題。根據(jù)下一句的意義“他被智利的各階層人愛戴著，他的作品廣為傳

誦，備受尊重?！笨刹聹y出:他曾經(jīng)被譽為詩壇“巨匠”。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段“Tocoverupthepublicationofhisfirstpoem…”一

句可知:聶魯達的父親不贊成兒子當詩人，經(jīng)常想方設法阻止他創(chuàng)作。為了掩人耳目發(fā)表第

一首詩，詩人就為自己取了個筆名聶魯達。

3.推理判斷題。第四段二、三句表述的意思是:聶魯達有著豐富的閱歷,他當過外交官，曾流

亡國外。因此，他的詩歌主題多樣，并不僅僅限于男女情愛。他的作品還反映了左派政治斗

爭以及南美洲的發(fā)展。由此判斷可知。

4.段落主旨題。根據(jù)"Hefoundinspirationinthepowerandfreedomofthewavesand

theseabirdsonthecoast.''和"Helovedhowtheseaforeverreneweditself,a

renewalechoedinhiswork.”兩句可知:海浪磅礴的力量、自由的激蕩，海岸上展翅翱翔

的海鳥,這一切都給予聶魯達無盡的創(chuàng)作靈感。他喜歡大海,還因為大海在永不停息地更新

著自己。而他的詩作也猶如大海一樣,不斷地推陳出新,，

2答案及解析：

答案：1.C;2.C;3.B

解析：1.主旨大意題。文章開門見山提出教育改革小組的想法:發(fā)明能夠幫助老師判定作文

等級的機器人來減輕教師的負擔,然后在下文進行詳細介紹,故文章的中心內(nèi)容是介紹這種

機器人，選C。

2.詞義猜測題。從下文whowritethebestautomatedgradingsoftware可知發(fā)明這

種機器人的目的是替老師們批閱作文,給學生作文打分，故選Co

3.段落大意題。根據(jù)本段中thatcomputerscangradeaswellasEnglishteachers和

withoutallthatdepressingredink以及Anditcanbedoneimmediately.可以判斷

本段主要介紹這種機器人的優(yōu)點,選B。

3答案及解析：

答案：l.D;2.A;3.D;4.A

解析：文章分析了幾種購物袋的使用情況,塑料袋會造成環(huán)境問題,紙袋盡管容易回收，但生

產(chǎn)和運輸需要更多的能源,環(huán)保主義者希望消費者使用耐用可重復使用的袋子。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段oneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindthe

plasticshoppingbags.和第二段plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeStein

tomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeople

assume.可知，塑料袋生產(chǎn)商雇用StevenStein是為了證明他們的產(chǎn)品并不像大多數(shù)人想象

的那樣對地球有害,是對塑料袋被禁用的解釋和爭論。故選Do

2.詞義猜測題。上文介紹在許多美國大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到這種現(xiàn)狀，塑料袋生產(chǎn)商雇

用StevenStein等科學家是為了證明他們的產(chǎn)品并不像大多數(shù)人想象的那樣對地球有害。

headwinds意為"逆風"，此處指塑料袋被禁用的現(xiàn)狀，即Bansonplasticbags,故選A。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremore

energytomake.可知，塑料袋生產(chǎn)商認為生產(chǎn)耐用且能重復使用的袋子需要更多的能源，故

選D。

4.標題歸納題。文章講述了使用塑料袋會造成環(huán)境問題,紙袋容易回收，但生產(chǎn)和運輸需要

更多的能源,環(huán)保主義者希望消費者使用耐用可重復使用的袋子。對這三種方式進行了對

比,Plastic,PaperorNeither既能概括全文，又能吸引讀者，最適合作為標題。故選A.

點睛：

概括主旨的方法是:先看首尾或各段開頭再看全文找主題句,若無明顯主題句,就通過關鍵詞

句來概括（如議論文中尋找表達作者觀點態(tài)度的詞句，要看懂全文的主要內(nèi)容，明白了主要內(nèi)

容就能準確概括文章標題）。小題4要求概括標題,本文講述了使用塑料袋造成的環(huán)境問題，

紙袋容易回收，但生產(chǎn)和運輸需要更多的能源,希望消費者使用耐用可重復使用的袋子。對這

三種方式進行了對比，Plastic,PaperorNeither既能概括全文，又能吸引讀者，適合作為

標題。

4答案及解析：

答案:1.B;2.D;3.A;4.A

解析：1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Wewantedtohelptheother86kids,too.可知，兄弟

倆是想通過贈送自行車來幫助孩子。

2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段…thegrouphasgivenawaynearly800bikesinseven

differentcountrieso可知，這個組織已經(jīng)送出近800輛自行車,故可推知，畫線詞的意思是

“送”。

3.細節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)第二段可知孩子們擁有自行車的好處有:節(jié)省上學路上的時間；意味著自

由；帶來快樂;學習更多的知識,故可知答案為A。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段,孩子們會得到捐贈者的照片，知道捐贈者來自何地，而捐贈者也

能得到孩子的照片，可推知他們之間是能夠相互了解的。

5答案及解析：

答案：l.D;2.C;3.D;4.B

解析：L細節(jié)題：根據(jù)OneofIndia'stopengineeringschoolshasrestricted

Internetaccessinitsboardinghouses,sayingaddictiontosurfing,gamingand

bloggingwasaffectingstudents'performance,makingthemlonelyandevensuicidal.

故選D。

2.猜詞題:根據(jù)Depressiveanddysfunctionallifestylesareknowntobecommonamong

IITstudents,andatleastninehavecommittedsuicideinthepastfiveyears.

可猜出dysfunctional意思是不正常的，故選Co

3.細節(jié)題：根據(jù)"StartingMonday,Internetaccesswillbebannedbetween11p.m.and

12:30p.m.atIIT-MumbaiJs13boardingbuiIdingstoencouragestudentstosleep

earlyandtotryandforcethemoutoftheirshells.”故選D。

4.推斷題：根據(jù)Butthemovehasnotgonedownwellwithstudentswhosaytheyhate

theirlivesbeingregulated."Nowtheywillsayweneedtolistentoalullaby（搖

籃曲）togotosleep.wsaidRajiv,anelectronicsstudent.可知有些學生抱怨這條

禁令，故選B。

6答案及解析：

答案:l.B;2.C;3.A;4.C

解析：L主旨大意題.由首段第一句可知，本段主要對“這次清潔活動”進行了介紹，故選B。

2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，this指代的是Thedemandontheclimbersmadeby

theSPCC,故選C?

3.推理判斷題,在第四、五段作者通過列舉數(shù)據(jù),詳細地介紹了這次清潔活動,形象地說明了

這次活動的艱難,故選Ao

4.推理判斷題。由尾段UmeshChandraRai說的話可推知，UmeshChandraRai對于這次清

潔活動是充滿熱情的，故選C?

閱讀理解-詞義猜測二

1、Supportivetextmessagescandoublethechanceofsomeonesuccessfully

quittingsmoking,accordingtoUKresearchers.

Thestudy,publishedinTheLancet,calledfortextstobeincludedin

servicestohelppeoplekickthehabit.

Otherscientistssaidatextservicecouldbeofferedglobally.

Accordingtogovernmentstatisticstwo-thirdsofUKsmokerssaytheywant

tostop.

Thisstudylookedat5,800ofthem.Supportivetextsweresentto2,915of

thesmokersforsixmonths.Therestreceivedonlymessagesthankingthemfortaking

part.

Theyweresentfivetextsadayforthefirstfiveweeksandthenthreea

weekforthenext26weeks.

Participantscouldalsotextbackforspecificadvicewhentheyhadstrong

desireorhadbeguntosmokeagain.

Salivatestsforcotinine,whichismadewhennicotineisbrokendownbythe

body,weretakentodetermineifpeoplehadreallygivenup.

Aftersixmonths,10.7%ofthosereceivingtextshadquit-doublethe

proportionamongthosedoingitontheirown.

DrCarolineFree,wholedthetxt2stoptrialattheLondonSchoolofHygiene

andTropicalMedicine,said:"Textmessagesareaveryconvenientwayforsmokers

toreceivesupporttoquit.”

“Peopledescribedtxt2stopasbeinglikehavingafriendencouragingthem

oranangelontheirshoulder.”

“Ithelpedpeopleresistthetemptationtosmoke.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysnearlysixmilliondieeachyearbecause

ofsmoking,mostlyinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.

“Thelessonslearnedfromthetxt2stoptrialcould…notonlyprovideanew

approachtostopinhigh-incomeandmiddle-incomecountries,butcouldalsoprovide

ausefulstartingpointforimplementingbehaviouralchangeinresource-poor

settings.

Ithasalsobeensuggestedsimilartextmessagescouldbeusedtohelppeople

modifyotherbehaviour.

1.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TextMessagesHelpSmokersQuit

B.HowtoQuitSmokingEffectively

C.SmokingIsVeryHarmfultoHealth

D.TheFunctionofTextMessages

2.Howdidtheresearchersjudgeifaparticipanthadreallygivenup?

A.Bysendingtextmessagestotheparticipant.

B.Bymakingsalivatestsforcotinine.

C.Byobservingtheparticipantforfiveweeks.

D.Bymakingaquestionnaire.

3.Theunderlined“It"inthepassagerefersto_____.

A.afriend

B.txt2stop

C.anangel

D.quittingsmoking

4.Inwhichpartofawebsitemaythepassageappear?

A.Entertainment.

B.Advertisement.

C.Education.

D.Health.

2^TheInternethasledtoahugeincreaseincreditcard（信用卡）fraud.Your

cardinformationcouldevenbeforsaleinanillegalwebsite（非法網(wǎng)站）.

Websitesofferingcheapgoodsandservicesshouldberegardedwithcare.

On-lineshopperswhoentertheircreditcardinformationmayneverreceive

thegoodstheythoughttheybought.Thethievesthengoshoppingwithyourcard

number一orselltheinformationovertheInternet.Computerhackers（黑客）have

brokendownsecurity（安全）systems,raisingquestionsaboutthesafetyofcardholder

information.Severalmonthsago,25,000customersofCDUniverse,anon-linemusic

retailer（零售商），werenotlucky.Theirnames,addressesandcreditcardnumberswere

postedonawebsiteaftertheretailerrefusedtopayUS$157,828togetbackthe

information.

Creditcardfirmsarenowfightingagainston-linefraud.Mastercardis

workingonplansforWeb-onlycreditcard,withalowercreditlimit.Thecardcould

beusedonlyforshoppingon-line.However,thereareafewsimplestepsyoucan

taketokeepfrombeingcheated（欺騙）.

Askaboutyourcreditcardfirm5son-linerules:UnderBritishlawt

cardholdershavetopaythefirstUS$78ofanyfraudulent（欺騙性的）spending.

Andshoponlyatsecuresites;sendyourcreditcardinformationonlyifthe

websiteoffersadvancedsecuresystem.

Ifthesecurityisinplace,aletterwillappearinthebottomright-hand

cornerofyourscreen.Thewebsiteaddressmayalsostarthttps://-theextra"s"

standsforsecure.Ifindoubt,giveyourcreditcardinformationoverthetelephone.

Keepyourpassword（密碼）safe:Moston-linesitesrequireausernameand

passwordbeforeplacinganorder.Treatyourpasswordwithcare.

1.WhatdomostpeopleworryabouttheInternetaccordingtothispassage?

A.AlotofstolencreditcardsweresoldontheInternet.

B.FraudontheInternet.

C.Manywebsitesaredestroyed.

D.ManyillegalwebsitesareontheInternet.

2.Whatisthemeaningof“fraud”?

A.Cheating.

B.Sale.

C.Payment.

D.Safety.

3.Howmanypiecesofadvicedoesthepassagegivetoyou?

A.Four.

B.Three.

C.Five.

D.Six.

4.Youareshoppingonthesite:http://www.xxx,com,andyouwanttobuyaTV

set,whatdoesthisarticlesuggesttodo?

A.OrdertheTVsetatonce.

B.DonotbuytheTVsetonthissite.

C.E-mailthesiteyourcreditcardinformation.

D.TellthesiteyourpasswordandbuytheTVsetforyou.

3、Atschool,Iwasinthetopsetformaths.Myteachersrecommendedthat

IstudyeconomicsandstatisticsasmyA-levelsubjects,butIhadmymindseton

alifefulfilledbythearts.

Infact,Iwasavictimofagenderstereotypemadestrongersincebirth,

thatmendoscienceandmathsandwomendoartsorlanguages.Computerscience,

technologyandphysicsjustdidnotfigureinmyteenageworldview.Nobodypopular

inmyschoolchosetostudythosesubjects.

RealitystruckhardwhenIbeganattendingjobinterviewsandinterviewers

wouldsay:"It'sgreatthatyouspeakforeignlanguages,butwhatelsedoyoudo?”

Nobodyaskedmyfriendswhohadstudiedscienceortechnologythosequestions.

Asurveyrecentlyshowedthatthreeofthebest-paidjobsforwomenarcin

thetechnologysector.It'sasectorthatreallycanchangetheworld.Wemustshow

girlsthattechnologyhasaneffectoneveryindustryoutthere,fromfashionto

architecturetojournalism.Anybody