英語語法大全謂語的47種類型_第1頁
英語語法大全謂語的47種類型_第2頁
英語語法大全謂語的47種類型_第3頁
英語語法大全謂語的47種類型_第4頁
英語語法大全謂語的47種類型_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩72頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

《英語語法大全?謂語的47種類型》

I.概說

A.英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)相對簡單

1.5種類型的謂語

1326在一個完整的句子中,主語之外的部分稱為謂語,共有5種類型的謂語?

第一類包含一個不及物動詞(W):

Hecame.

Mywifecried.

第二類包含一個及物動詞及其賓語(TV+O):

Johnlikesme.

Hisunclewroteletters.

第三類包含一個雙賓動詞、一個間接賓語和一個直接賓語(DV+IO+DO):

TheyteachmeEnglish.

IboughtMarysugar.

第四類包含一個系動詞及主語補(bǔ)語(LV+C):

Heisateacher.

Shelookssad.

第五類包含一個賓補(bǔ)動詞、賓語及賓語補(bǔ)語(FV+O+C):

Wemadehimking.

Sheleftthehousedirty.

2.動詞的短語形式

1327不過動詞、賓語及補(bǔ)語的意義還應(yīng)當(dāng)廣一些,上面例句中的及物動詞、不及物動詞或其他

動詞都是一個單詞,但有時可以是一個起同樣作用的短語或成語。例如“及物動詞+名詞”可以看

作是一種不及物動詞:

Helostheart.(他灰心了。)

Thishabithasstruckroot.(這種習(xí)慣已根深蒂固)

下面句子中的動詞成語則可以看作是一種及物動詞:

Ilookedformylostdictionary.(我在找我弄失的字典。)

Hepaidattentiontohislesson.(他很注意他的功課。)

Hegaveupdrinking.(他戒酒了。)

Heisafraidofblood.(他怕血。)

Hecan'tgetalongwithanyone.(他和誰都處不好。)

下面句中的動詞成語可以看作一種賓補(bǔ)動詞:

Iwaitedforhimtocome.(我等他來。)

詳見1182—1206節(jié)。

3.賓語的9種形式

1328此外,也不只是名詞或代詞可用作賓語,共有9種東西可用作及物動詞、雙賓動詞及賓補(bǔ)

動詞的賓語。由于它們是名詞或起名詞的作用,可以稱作名詞等同體(Noun-Equivalent),名

詞等同體,可用作動詞的賓語:

IknowJohn(名詞).

Shekeptthefloordirty.

IwillteachJohnChinese.

Iknowhim(代詞).

Shekeptitclean.

Thatdependsuponthem.

Hethrewoutanappleofdiscord(名詞短語).

IhavejustvisitedtheBoardofTrade.

Iamnotfondofwildgoosechase.

Thismatterintereststherichandthepoor(the+形容詞或分詞).

Thegeneralvisitedthedyingandthewounded.Iknowthelongand(the)shortofthiscase.

Hewantstogotocollege(不定式).

Sherefusestomarryme.

Iaskedtoseeafriendinprison.

Heisfondofswimminginthemorning(動名詞).

Heavoidsmeetinganyofhisfriends.

Ipostponedgoingtothedoctor.

Iknowthatshelovesme(that引起的從句).

Iamsurethatyouwillsucceed.

Isheafraidthathewillbedefeated?

Iwonderwhathewants(疑問詞引起的從句).

Iaskedwherehehadbeen.

Idon'tknowwhichwayIshouldgo.

Idon'tknowwhattodo(疑問詞引起的不定式).

Iamdoubtfulhowtosettlethisproblem.

Idonotcarewheretoeatdinner.

4.補(bǔ)語的15種形式

1329不只是名詞和形容詞可用作補(bǔ)語,上面所提的9種名詞等同體以及下面例句中的6種形容

詞等同體(Adjective-Equiva—lent)都可用作系動詞或賓補(bǔ)動詞的補(bǔ)語。

名詞及名詞等同體作補(bǔ)語:

Heisaking(名詞).

Wechosehimchairman.

Itisme(代詞).

Hebecameafishoutofwater(名詞短語).

Ifinditamootpoint.

Thevictimsarealwaysthepoor(the+形容詞).

Torespectothersistoberespected(不定式).

Seeingisbelieving(動名詞).

Hispurposeisthatallchildrenshouldbeeducated(that引起的從句)?

Theproblemiswhoistoblame(疑問詞引起的從句).

Myproblemishowtolearn(疑問詞引起的不定式).

形容詞及形容詞等同體作補(bǔ)語:

Heseemshappy(形容詞).

Youlookyoung.

Hemakesmeangry.

Heisout(地點副詞).

Theshowisover.

Timeisup.

Heisathome(介詞短語).

Weareongoodterms.

Heleaveshisdeskoutoforder.

Itseemsinteresting(現(xiàn)在分詞).

Thesituationgrowsencouraging.

IsawMarysmoking.

Iamastonished(過去分詞).

Helookedfrightened.

Ihadmyclotheswashed.

Heistoblame(不定式).

Itistobethrownaway.

Hewantshisdaughtertomarryarichman.

5.再復(fù)雜的句子也可簡化

1330因此我們可以把許多詞看成一個詞,把許多不同形式看作同類東西,從而使句子的結(jié)構(gòu)變

得簡單化。例如我們可以把Iknowthathedoesnotliketoliveinthiscountry.中的10個斜體詞和

IknowJohn.中的一個斜體詞看作是有同一語法作用的東西,因為兩者都是及物動詞的賓語。我

們也可把Hebeggedtoseeafriendinprison.中的6個斜體詞和Hebeggedpardon.中的一個斜體

詞看作是作用相等,因為兩者都是賓語。

同樣,我們也可把Heistocometotheofficeateight.中的7個斜體詞和Heispunctual.中的一

個斜體詞看作相等的東西,因為兩者都是補(bǔ)語。另外下面4個句子中的斜體詞,形式不一,我們

卻可看作一類東西,都是及物動詞或是起及物動詞作用的詞組:

Helikeschocolate.(他喜歡巧克力。)

Heisfondofteaching.(他愛教書。)

Johnpaysattentiontohisbusiness.(約翰關(guān)心他的買賣。)

Iamsurethathewillbeagoodhusband.(我肯定他會是一個好丈夫。)

此外,在上面單元中,我們已談到名詞、名詞成語、不定式、從句等等,盡管形式不同,字?jǐn)?shù)不

等,卻都起同樣作用,擔(dān)任句子的主語。這樣,不管多復(fù)雜的句子都可簡化,而簡化是語法的目

的。

B.何種謂語類型用何種動詞

1.47種謂語類型

1331我們一方面有不同形式的動詞,另一方面有不同形式的賓語及補(bǔ)語。把它們結(jié)合起來,再

加上一些其他因素,我們可以得出47種基本的謂語類型,這幾乎代表了英語中的各種可能的謂

語。我們可能讀到的或?qū)懗龅娜魏沃^語,幾乎都可以(而且應(yīng)當(dāng))納入這些類型。這47種類型

可列舉如下:

IV有3種類型

TV+O有15種類型

DV+IO+DO有5種類型

LV+C有13種類型

FV+O+C有11種類型

5類謂語共有47種類型

2.一個特定動詞只能用在幾個特定的謂語類型中

1332為了更好了解這些謂語類型,先看看下面句子:

a.Iknowhimtoworkhard.

b.Wewanthimtocome.

c.Sheletustousehercar.

d.Theysupposeallofustoobey.

e.JohnsawMarytowalkwithaboy.

所有這些句子的謂語都屬于第42種類型,即“賓補(bǔ)動詞+名詞+不定式”,但只有b.句的謂語是

正確的,因為只有want這一動詞可用于這個類型,其他動詞都不能這樣用。再看下面句子:

a.Itriedadvisingher.

b.Iaskedseeingtheboss.

c.Hethinksgoingwithyou.

d.Wewishmovingtoanotherplace.

e.Theyrefusedhelpingus.

上面所有謂語都屬于第13種類型,即“及物動詞+動名詞”,但只有a.句是正確的,因為動詞tried

可用于這種類型,而其他動詞不可這樣用。

從上面10個例句我們可以看出,一個特定動詞只能用在某一特定的類型中,在一特定類型中,

一個特定的動詞能用還是不能用,完全是一個習(xí)慣用法的問題。

1333從下面句子中可以看出know可用在多少類型的謂語中:

IknowJohn.(及物動詞+名詞)(正確)

IknowJohntocometomorrow.(賓補(bǔ)動詞+名詞+不定式)(錯誤)

IknowthatJohncomestomorrow.(及物動詞+that引起的從句)(正確)

Iknowtoanswerthisquestion.(及物動詞+不定式)(錯誤)

Iknowtheworkeasy.(賓補(bǔ)動詞+名詞+形容詞)(錯誤)

Iknowhowtoanswerthisquestion.(及物動詞+疑問詞引起的不定式)(正確)

Iknowtheworktobeeasy.(賓補(bǔ)動詞+名詞+tobe+形容詞)(正確)

IknowJohncoming(賓補(bǔ)動詞+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞).(錯誤)

Iknoworganizingapoliticalparty(及物動詞+動名詞).(錯誤)

從上面例句我們可以看出某些動詞只能用在47種類型的某些類型中,不能在許多類型中使用。

3.一個特定的謂語類型中只能用某些特定的動詞

1334有些類型中可以使用很多動詞,另一些卻只能使用少量動詞。例如在“系動詞+that引起的

從句''這種類型中只能用be這一個動詞。在“不及物動詞+介詞+疑問詞引起的從句”這種類型中約

可用20個動詞,在“及物動詞+不定式或動名詞”這類類型中,約可用50個動詞,而在“及物動詞

+that引起的從句”這種類型中,約可用150個動詞。每種類型中能用的動詞,在本單元中將幾乎

全部列出并加上例句,以便讀者了解并掌握什么動詞在何種類型中使用。不過某些謂語類型中可

用的動詞極多(可說是成百上千)。在這種情況下只能給出一小部分動詞。

C.謂語類型與句型

1335關(guān)于上面提到的類型有幾點值得注意:

1.動詞只須與主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致,因此它們之間的關(guān)系相對比較簡單。而動詞和賓語及補(bǔ)

語的關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜,這在下面47種謂語類型中可清楚看出。如果對主語不加考慮,這47種謂語

類型也就是47種句型。事實上在下面討論中,謂語類型的公式都采用“S+TV+N",“S+DV+N

+N",“S+FV+N+A”這類形式,里面包含了主語(S),因此也就代表了句型。

2.一個句型可以包含一個簡單句:

Johnknowshowtoplayfootball.

Heavoidedmeetingheratsomeparty.

3.它也可以包含一個帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句:

Heknowswhatyouaredoing.

Iaskedwherehegotit.

4.但并列句中至少需有兩個句型:

Ihavedecidedtogo(一個句型)andhewillgotoo(一個句型),butshedecidestoremainathome

(一個句型).(共包含三個句型)

D.修飾語與獨(dú)立成分

1336句型指一個完整句子的骨架,它可包含任何數(shù)量的修飾語(即形容詞、副詞及起同樣作用

的其他詞語)。這些修飾語可能在意思上很重要,但在語法上卻是可以刪除的,在我們考慮句型,

也就是句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)時,可以對它們不加考慮。所有下面句子都屬于同一句型,即“主語+及物

動詞+名詞、但卻可包含不同類型的修飾語(斜體部分)。最后包含25個詞的句子和第一個包

含4個詞的句子同屬一個句型:

Isawahouse.

Isawabighouse.

Isawabighouseontheoppositeside.

Isawabighouseontheoppositeside,whichwassaidtobehauntedbyaghost.

YesterdayIsawabighouse

YesterdaywhenIsaileddowntheriverIsawabighouse

修飾語在后面將作詳細(xì)討論。句型還可以包含一個獨(dú)立成分,但基本結(jié)構(gòu)不變。

所有下面句子都屬于同一句型,即“主語+系動詞+補(bǔ)語”:

Thatmaniscrazy.

Oh!thatmaniscrazy.

Oh!thatmaniscrazy,Iamsure.

Oh1thatmaniscrazy,youmaybesure,Mary.

E.句型的用法

1337在下面討論中,所列出能用于某句型的動詞的數(shù)目只是大致估計。列出的目的只是說明某

一句型使用范圍大致有多廣。一般說來,數(shù)目越小,越難使用,因為如果這個句型只限于用少數(shù)

動詞,則用錯的機(jī)會更多。

1338偶爾也會有些例外的句子無法歸入這47種句型的任何一個。但如果把某些不規(guī)則的動詞短

語適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換為規(guī)則的動詞短語,則它們大部分仍可歸入某些句型:

Ihaveagoodmind(=intend)topunishyou.(haveagoodmind可能換為intend,則句型將是“主

語+及物動詞+不定式)

Hewillhaveit(=insists)thatIhavecheatedhim.(主語+及物動詞+that引起的從句)

44Whohastakenmypen?”"John(hastakenyourpen).”

(I)Beg(your)pardon.

(Itwas)Nosoonersaidthan(itwas)done.

(You)Liveandlet(others)live.

(Iwishyou)Goodluck!

1339確定一個句子屬于哪個句型是有好處的。下面的句子都是錯的,因為它們不代表47種句型

中的任何一個:

1.IhearaboutthatJohnhasarrived.(主語+不及物動詞+介詞+thal引起的從句)

2.Ipaidattentionwhathewasdoing.(主語+及物動詞+名詞+疑問詞引起的從句)

3.Heisafraidofthathewillbeassassinated.(主語+系動詞+形容詞+介詞+that引起的從句)

4.Heisafraidbeingassassinated.(主語+系動詞+形容詞+動名詞)

5.Iknowthatwhohasbrokenthewindow.(主語+及物動詞+that+疑問詞引起的從句)

6.Wewantpeaceful.(主語+及物動詞+形容詞)

這些句型應(yīng)改正如下:

正確句型正確句子

1.主語+及物動詞+that引IhearthatJohnhasar-

起的從句rived.

2.主語+及物動詞+名詞+Ipaidattentiontowhat

介詞+疑問詞引起的從句hewasdoing.

3.主語+系動詞+形容詞+Heisafraidthathewill

that引起的從句beassassinated.

4.主語+系動詞+形容詞+Heisafraidofbeingas-

介詞+動名詞sassinated.

5.主語+及物動詞+疑問詞Iknowwhohasbroken

引起的從句thewindow.

6.主語+及物動詞+名詞Wewantpeace.

其次,應(yīng)確定使用的動詞是否適合用于某個謂語類型。

F.47種句型的公式

1340每種句型都可以用一個公式來代表,例如:“S+IV”,"S+TV+N",“S+LV+AP”,“S+

FV+N+PaP”,44S+DV+N+that-Cr.下面列出了代表某些詞的縮寫形式:

S=Subject(主語)PaP=PastParticiple(過

O=Object(賓語)去分詞)

C=Complement(補(bǔ)語)N=NounorPronoun(名

IO=IndirectObject(間接詞或代詞)

賓語)R=ReflexivePronoun(反

DO二DirectObject(直接身代詞)

賓語)A=Adjective(形容詞)

IV=IntransitiveVerb(不P=Preposition(介詞)

及物動詞)AP=AdverbofPlace,or

TV=TransitiveVerb(及AdverbialParticle,as

物動詞)in,out,up,away

DV=DativeVerb(雙賓動(地點副詞或副詞性小

詞)品詞)

LV=LinkingVerb(系動

詞)W—Cl=Interrogative-

FV=FactitiveVerb(賓補(bǔ)Clause,(疑問詞引起的動詞)

從句,由whether,

1=Infinitive(不定式)what,which,who,

G=Gerund(動名詞)whom,whose,where,

PrP=PresentParticiplewhen,why,how弓I

(現(xiàn)在分詞)起)

That-Cl=Noun-Clauseinn.=innumreable=hun-

(that引起的名詞從dredsorthousands(無

句)數(shù),成百上千)

表示它前后的詞構(gòu)成成語,如IV.P,LV.A.P.,TV.N.P,LV.PaP,它們包含2個

或3個詞。

1341一個號表示這個句型包含2個基本成分,即主語及不及物動詞,如:

S+IVS+IV.AP

2個號表示這個句型包含有3個基本成分,即主語,及物動詞及賓語,如:

S+TV+NS+IV.P+that-Cl

S+LV.A.P+G

或指另外3個成分,如主語、系動詞及補(bǔ)語:

S+LV+AS+LV+that-Cl

S+LV+P.N

3個“+,,號表示這個句型包含4個成分:主語、雙賓動詞、間接賓語及直接賓語,如:

S+DV+N+NS+DV+N+W-C1

S+DV+N+that-Cl

也可以是另外4個成分,如主語、賓補(bǔ)動詞、賓語及(賓語)補(bǔ)語:

S+FV+N+AS+FV+N+PaP

S+IV.P+N+I

這里我們可以了解一個十分重要的事實,即英語句子是很簡單的,它少則包含兩個成分,多則包

含四個成分。

了解了公式及圖解的意義,現(xiàn)在就可開始藉助它們研究47種謂語類型或句型。注意:句子末尾

的星號表示這個句子將在每一類句型講完之后進(jìn)行圖解。

II.47種謂語類型(附公式及圖解)

A.各種不及物動詞

1.S+IV(Johnlaughed.)

1342不及物動詞不跟有賓語或補(bǔ)語,其數(shù)量不可勝數(shù):

Theysmiled.Johndied.Marywalkedslowly.Fireburns.

Idreamedlastnight.Heweptbitterly.Youmustdressfordinner.Thatdepends.Itdoesnotpay.

1343通常跟有賓語的及物動詞,如果賓語可以猜出,著重點不是賓語,而是動詞(動作)時,

可以把賓語省略,用作不及物動詞:

Atractorcancut,push,pull,dig,lift,pump,carryandspray.Theblinddonotsee.Wemusteat.I

willchange(mydress).Theknifecutswell.Iwillconsider.Iftimepermits.Hecanread.Don't

trouble(yourself).Thestainshows(itself).Theymarried(eachother).

1344有些動詞用在表示數(shù)量的名詞前,看起來像及物動詞,實際上卻是不及物動詞:

Thethermometerrose(orfell)twodegrees.

Hewaitedtenminutes.Theweddinglastedthreedays.

Iwalkedfivemiles.

1345圖解:

2.S+IV.AP(Johnmovedin.)

1346無數(shù)的不及物動詞可以跟有特定的地點副詞,與之構(gòu)成成語。但在多數(shù)情況下,這些副詞

并不表示地點,而有其他意思,因此可以稱作副詞性小品詞(AdverbialParticle).

a.Don*tanswerback(=answerrudely)whenasuperiorspeakstoyou.Hebacksaway(二drawsback)

fromherbecausehehasmadeherangry.Don'tworry,Iwillneverbackout(=failtofulfila

promise).Inordertosurvive,wemustbandtogether(=unite).Hebargedin(=inter-rupted

rudely)whileweweretalking.Thestormwillsoonblowover(=passawaywithoutinjurious

effect).Thedynamiteplacedbeneaththebridgeblewup(=exploded).Heblowsup(=loseshistemper)

ateverysmallincident.Quick!Thesoupisboilingover(=over-flowingthesideofapan).Brace

up(=takecourage)ifyoureallywanttogetmarried.Manyprisonersbrokeaway(=suddenly

escaped).Ourcarsuddenlybrokedown(=failedtofunction)onourwayhome.Afirebrokeout

(=startedsuddenlyandviolently)onSixthStreet.Tearsburstforth(=suddenlyappeared).

b.Shecoloursup(=blushes)ifwementionherlove.Anaccidentlikethiscomesabout(=happens)

everyday.MywifeandIcometogether(=arereconciled)aftertenyearsofquarrel.Theseedshave

comeup(=shotupabovetheground).Whenweweretalking,ayoungmancameup

(=approached).Threedaysafterthequarrel,Icooleddown(=becamecalm).Shewasshocked

atthebill,butshehadtocoughup(=pay,perhapsunwillingly).Hardlyaweekhadhelearned

computersciencewhenhecrackedup(=sufferedamentalbreakdown).Anerrormaycreepin(=steal

inunnoticed).Thisoldempirecrumbledaway(=disintegratedgradually)becauseofmisrule.Ishould

nottakemuchsugar,butIcannotcutdown(=lessen).

c.Allmembersofmyfamilydineout(=eatawayfromhome)everySunday.Theydrinkliquorevery

dayandcan—notdowithout(=dispensewithit).Wedressedup(=putonformalclothes)fora

banquet.Iwilldropby(=callcasually)whenIamfree.Theproductionofricedroppedoff

(=decreased)lastyear.Hedroppedout(=leftschoolbeforefinishinghiscourses)atfifteen.Thewell

hasdriedup(=becomedry).Theroadisrough,weshouldeasedown(=lessenspeed).Letusease

down(=workless,makelesseffort).Hisreputationfadedout(=graduallydisappeared)afterhis

death.Thecountryfellapart(=felltopieces)becauseofcivilwar.Ineverfallback(=re-treat)

beforedifficulties.Ourcountryfallsbehind(=dropsbehind)inscienceandtechnology.Letusfallto

(=begintoeatortowork.)

d.Wewereunabletogetby(=pass)becausetheroadwasblocked.Shegotdown(=dismounted)

fromherhorse.Thetraingotin.Wegotoff(=startedajourney).Howareyougettingon?Igetup

atsixinthemorning.AtlastIhavetogivein(=yield).Riceisgoingdown(=becomingcheaper).A

rumourwentforth(=becamepublic)?Thegunwentoff(=exploded)suddenly.Ourworkwenton

(=continued).Thecandlehasgoneout(=ceasedtoburn)?Iwon'tholdback(=keepbehind)if

everyonegoesforward.SinceIhavestarted,Ican'tleaveoff(二stop).Lookin(=Payashortvisit)

asyoupass.Whileallarebusy,don'tlookon(=beamerespectator).Lookout(=Takeprecaution),

herecomesatruck!Imovedin(=movedintoahouse)afterhemovedout.Alltroublewillpassaway

(=ceasetoexist).Shepassedaway(=died)amonthago.

e.Theclockrandown(=stoppedrunning,becausethebatteryhadexhausteditself).Sheranon

(=talkedincessantly).Supplieshaverunout(=becomeexhausted).Badweathersetin(=began).We

setout(=setoff)onFebruary16.Hesettleddown(=establishedhimself)atasmallvillage.Idon't

wanttolistenanymore,soshutup!Hestoodaside(orapart,aloof)whilewewerequarrelling.Some

stoodback(=retreated),somestoodout(=refusedtoyield)?Theproposalwillstandover(=be

postponed)tillnextFriday.AtthebadnewsIsteppedbackfromsurprise.Thetyrantshouldstepdown

(=re-sign).Manyvolunteerssteppedforward(=offeredhelp).Mybrothersquarrelled,butmyfather

neversteppedin(=interfered).Hestowedaway(=hidinashiporplanetogetafreeride).Theband

struckup(=begantoplay).Hesummedup(=summarized)afteradebate.Thesontaggedbehind

(oralong)(=followedclosely)whereverhismomwent.BeforeIthinkahead(=anticipate),Ithink

back(=recall).Ourbusinessisjusttickingover(=gettingoninaroutineway).Wetoucheddown

(=landedafteraflight)at6p.m.Manyworkerswalkedout(=re-fusedtowork).

1347圖解:

3.S+IVp(Thisclothworewell.)

1348約有九十個不及物動詞用于主動形式卻有被動意義,它們通常和表示無生命東西的主語連

用:

a.Thisplayactsexcellently.Thefigureswillnotaddup.Thebreadbakeswell.Thedoorblew

open.Thecandleblewout.Thisbottledoesnotbreak.Thedustwon'tbrushoffthehat.Theluggage

carrieseasily.David*sraincoatcaughtonthenail.Someofthedocumentsdon'tseemtocheckwiththe

facts.Thiscannotcompare(favourably)withthat.Someofthesentenceswon'tconstrue.Potatoes

willcookslowly.Everyminutecounts.Thesepeoplemostlycountfornothing.Thepotatoescropped

welllastyear,butIthinkwillcropbadlythisyear.Thislightwoodcutslikebutter.Thepineapple

doesn'tcuteasily.Thispieceofclothwillcutupintotwosuits.Instinctderivesfromancestors.Milk

digestseasily.Thiewinedrinkswell.Thetoothdrawseasily.Thefrogeatslikechicken.

b.Thisdressfastensdowntheback.Thetoiletdoesnotflush.Theeggshatchouteasily.Thisricewon't

grindfine.Waterheatsreadily.Thisclothironseasily.Thishouseletswell.Thedoorwillnot

lock.Thesebookspackeasily.Mywatchpawnsfortwodollars.Thesepotatoespeeleasily.She

photographs(takes)well.Thelandploughshard.Thefilmdoesnotprintwell.Thisstoryreadsill

(orwell).Thephotoreproduceswell.

c.Hishouserentsat$800amonth.Thispoemdoesnotrhyme.Ashamedoes,notruboff.Thisplastic

scratcheseasily.Theplayscreenbadly(=isunfitforfilming).Thebooksellswell.Thisdoorwon't

shut.Thiscigarettesmokesbetterthanothers.Thiswoodsplitstraight.Thismaterialstainseasily.The

shipsteerswithease.Thematchwillnotstrike.Thispaperwillnottear.Hisde-scenttracedbackto

aking.Thispoemtranslateseasily.TheTVsetwon'tturnon.Thisboardwillneverwarp.Thismaterial

washeseasily.Suchshoeswearbadly.Theplanworkedoutwell.Thephotowashesoutalittle.

d.Drumsarebeating(=arebeingbeaten).Thebookisbinding(=isbeingbound).Sometrouble

isbrewing.Youngpeoplearealwaysbrimmingwithnewideas.Thehouseisbuilding.Thebridgeis

completingnow.Themealisdigestingwell.Whatisdoingnow?Thetaskisfinishing.Gunsare

firing.Friendshipisforming.Thetheatreisrapidlyfillingupwithpeople.Thefishisfrying.Thehouse

isleasing.Thecowsaremilking.Oneboyismissing(orwanting).Hepaidwhatwasowing.Music

wasplaying.Somethingispreparing.Myapplicationisprocessing.Theproblemissettlingthisway.A

newfilmisshowing.Theboyisshapingwell.Theseedsoftroublearesowing.Thefruitsarespoiling

quickly.Measuresaretaking.

1349圖解:

B.各種及物動詞+各種賓語

4.S+TV+N或S+TV.N(JohnlearnedJapanese.)

1350無數(shù)的及物動詞可以用名詞或代詞作賓語:

Johnhasaplan.Doyoulikehim?Whataninterestingbook

Iamreading!HespeaksEnglish.Ilovecats.

1351不及物動詞有時和后面跟的名詞構(gòu)成成語。整個成語,如果被化作一個整體,可以看成是

一個不及物動詞:

Helosthope(=despaired).Hegaveground(=retreated)Theaccidenttookplace(=happened)

thismorning.

Hemadethegrade(=succeeded).Wemadeourway(=advanced)tothejungle.

在某些成語中,名詞前沒有冠詞,也沒有物主代詞:

a.Hewillbearwitness.Herbeautybeggarsdescription(=makeswordspoor).Don'tborrowtrouble

(=worryabouttroublethatwon'tcome).Webrokeground(=ploughed,untilledground,beganan

undertaking).Ourboatcastanchor.Ioftencaughtcold.Hecaughtfever(orinfection).Herhouse

caughtfire.Hechangedcolour(二be-camepale).Hispersonalitycommandsesteem(orrespect).He

neverdidevil(orill,wrong).Noneofuscarewhethertheydorightorwrong,goodorharm.We

did(=produced)RomeoandJuliet.Jandid(=acted)Juliet.Idid(=prepared)omelette(or

breakfast).Tomdid(=wrote)poetry.Hisbrotherdid(translated)FrenchintoEnglish.Idid

(=studied)electricity.Theycrywolf(=giveafalsewarning)justforarmsaid.

b.Onemustexercisepatienceandcautionwhenoneexercisesauthorityanddiscipline.Hefeltregret,

butnotsatisfaction.Hefoundtime(orleisure)tostudy.Hehasfinishedcollege.Afterhetookthe

lead,wefollowedsuit.Theygainedtimebygivingmeambiguousanswers.Mywatchgainedtime.We

havegainedground(=gotanadvantage).Wewillsoongainpower,ifwearepatientenough.Hegave

evidenceinthelaw-court.Hegaveear(orheed,credit)totherumour.Hegavejudgement(or

advice,notice,warning,trouble).I'vehadit(=can'tsufferanymore).Youhitit(=saidtheright

thing).Thistheorydoesn'tholdwater(=isn*tvalid).Thecriminaljumped(orskipped)bail(=gave

upthebailmoneyandranawaytoavoidtrial).

c.Mymotherkepthouseandkeptbooks.Beinghospitablehekeptopenhouse(=provided

hospitabilityforanycomer).Hecannotkeepbodyandsoultogether(=keepawayhunger).Hekept

badcompany(=associatedwithbadpeople).Mywatchdoesnotkeep(good)time,soIamlate.He

killedtimebyreadingnovelsordoinganotherthinginteresting.

d.Heleftschoollastyear.Wemaylosegroundbutwillneverlosehope.Ineverlostcourage(orheart)

afterIfail.Bequick,don'tlosetime.Helostself-contrcl(orhimself)inmomentsofstress.

e.Mothermakesdinner.Itseemedlate,buthemadegoodtime(=travelledfostandarrivedon

time),Hedoesn'tworkhard,buthemakesgoodsalary.Makehaste(orspeed).Hecanmakemoney

(orprofit),butspendmuch.Aftersomanyyearsofwarwemustmakepeace.Imadetea(or

hay)?Wemadeway(=stoodaside)forotherstopassthrough.Wemadeway(orheadway)(=

advanced)inthefaceofdifficulty.Hemarkedtime(=spentidlehours)whilewaitingforhiswife,

f.Thesoldiersmounted(orkept,relieved,stood)guard.Hemovedheavenandearth(=dideverything)

toattackhisopponent.Theyopenedfire(=startedshooting)andkilledthreeofus.Thechildrenoften

playhavoc(=dogreatdamage).Heplayspolitics(=attainspoliticalaimsbyhookorbycrook).He

hadbrokenthewindow,soheplayedpossum(keptquiettoavoidattention)Heplayedsecondfiddle

(=heldasubordinateplace).Hefailedbe-causehehadoftenplayedtruant.

g.Weraisedmoneyforagreatproject.Icanreadcharacterfromhandwriting.Hecanreadmusic.I

mustsaygoodbyenow.Wesaidgrace(=saidaprayerofthanksbeforeorafterameal).Weset(or

made,struck)sail(=beganavoyage)inFebruary,1969.Herefusedtoyieldsheshowedfight.He

showedcourage(orfear).Hesoweddiscordamonghisenemies.Hestruckoil(=hadgoodluckin

someenterprise).Hesuffered(orsustained)defeat.

h.Don*ttakealarmifItellyousomebadnews.Hehastotakebreathafterclimbingupstairs.Hetook

coldandcouldnotwork.Hetakesdrinkanddrugs.Takeheart,don'tbeafraid.Thelawwillsoontake

effect(=beeffective).Takeexerciseeverymorningandkeephealthy.Hetookflightaftermurdering

awoman.Hetookmedicine(orpoison).Don'ttakeoffence(=beoffended)?Somethingstrange

tookplace(=happened)inthisoldhouse.Let*stakerest.Wetakestockeveryweek.Theevilhastaken

root(=becomeestablished).Mydreamwilltakeshape(=materialize)nextyear.Hetooktrouble

tohelpme.

i.Don'ttemptprovidence(=takeanunnecessaryrisk).Hehastouchedbottom(=isbeginingtoprosper

afterhisworstdays).Theboatturnedturtle(=turnedupsidedown).

在某些成語中名詞前有不定冠詞,或作復(fù)數(shù):

j.Heoftenactedadoublepart(=wasdeceitful).SinceIcriticizedhim,hehasborneagrudgeC=nursed

agrievance).Theenemybeataretreat(=retreatedinahurry).ThomasEdisonblazedatorch

(=startedsome-thingnew)invariousfields.Don'tbreatheaword(=sayaword)aboutthis

secret.Whenangry,hecallsnames(=callsomebodybyabusivenames).Iwouldliketocrossswords

(=argue)withthisboaster.Youhavedoneagoodjob(=donesomethingwell).Idrewablank(=failed

togetanyinformation)whenIreturnedtotheoffice.Wemustdrawaline(=distinguish)betweenright

andwrong.Wedowntools(=stopwork)atsix.

k.Mysisterfixedadateforthecelebration.ThiseveningIhaveadate(oranengagement)(=have

asocialmeeting)withher.Ihaveajob(oratime)(=havetrouble)writingthisfirstloveletter.(但:

Ihavemyselfatime[=haveagoodtime]writingit.)Astheydidn'tliftafinger(orahand)

(=didnrtgivehelp),Ilent(orgave)ahand(=gavehelp)totheoldlady.

1.Imadeanappointment(=hadanengagementtomeetsomeone)for3p.m.Hemadeaboast,

butwhobelievedhim?Hemadeacalloverthephone.Hemadeaface(=twistedhisface),andthen

wewerenomoreangry.Don*tmakeafuss(=getexcitedaboutatrifle).Johnmadeahit(=gaveagood

impression)attheexhibitionofhisworks.Shallwemakeamove(=start)rightnow?Dickmadea

publicappearanceafternineyearsinprison.Thomasmakesaquickbuck(=earnsmoneyquickly).We

makearow(orascene)(=startedaviolentquarrel)fromtimetotime.Assoonaswearrivedwemade

reservationsforhotelrooms.Imustmaketracks(=setoff)beforeitislate.Williammadewaves

(=createdasensationtoimpressothers)attheparty.

m.Abigbossbehindpullsstrings(=secretlyexertsinfluence).Don'trunarisk(=putyourselfin

danger).Thepatientranatemperature(=hadafever).Thecriminalhasservedasentence(ortime)

(=passedtermofimprisonment).Ismelladangerinthisdesolatearea.Westruckahappymedium

(=foundananswerbetweentwoextremes).Asyoucommittedmistakesforthefirsttime,wemight

stretch(orstrain)apoint(=allowanexceptiontotherules).

n.Iwouldwillinglytakeabackseat(=occupyanunimportantposition).Wetakeacoffeebreak

(=drinkcoffeeandrestashortwhile)aftertwohoursofwork.Hetook(ordrew)alongbreathbefore

hespoke.Thesituationtookaturn(=changed)forthebetter.Hewouldn'tturnanhonestpenny

(=makemoneybyhonestmeans).

在另一些成語中名詞前有定冠詞或有物主代詞:

o.Actyourage(=Don,tbechildish).Mywarningmerelybeattheair(=madeuselessefforts).I

mustbidemytime(=waitforagoodchance).Someoneblackedhiseye(=gavehimablow).He

blewhisowntrumpet(=praisedhimself).Hehasblownhismind(=becomeswildlyenthusiastic

becauseofdrugs).Hebossedtheshow(=con-trolledeverything).Sheboxedhisear(=smacked

himontheear).Ihavetobreak(orcancel,change,postpone)theappointment.Afterhalfanhour

ofsilence,Ibroketheice(=overcomereserve).Thenewsbrokeherheart.Hebrokehisword(=failed

tokeephispromise).Ibrokethenews(=announcedthenews)toher.Theybrokethepeace(=

quarrelled).Heburnedhisfingers(=sufferedalossthrougharashaction).Weburiedthehatchet

(=madepeace).Iamnotbuyingit(=amno

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評論

0/150

提交評論