13新發(fā)明與創(chuàng)造-中考英語時文閱讀練習(xí)（含答案解析）

中考英語熱點時文閱讀13新發(fā)明與創(chuàng)造題型主要內(nèi)容1完形填空講述“新中國四大發(fā)明”：高鐵，電子支付，共享單車和網(wǎng)上購物。這新發(fā)明關(guān)系著中國新科技的創(chuàng)新，中國已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個新的創(chuàng)新時代。越來越清楚的一件事是中國正在創(chuàng)新。2閱讀理解介紹久坐對身體有害，因此兩條腿的椅子被發(fā)明出來，為了鼓勵人們改變不好的習(xí)慣。3閱讀理解介紹了一種名叫TTTV的電視，這個機器包括屏幕和盛調(diào)料的容器，人們可以通過舔屏幕而嘗到來自世界各地食物的味道。4閱讀理解介紹了中國科學(xué)家屠呦呦，挖掘中醫(yī)寶藏，發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素的過程。青蒿素成為治療瘧疾的一線藥物，拯救了全世界數(shù)百萬人的生病。5短文填空講述了清華大學(xué)學(xué)生柳濟(jì)琛開發(fā)了一個叫做“光盤打卡”微信小程序，來幫助減少糧食浪費。01Inancienttimes,theFourGreatInventionsinChinahadagreatinfluenceonthewholeworld.Inrecentyears,Chinaonceagainhas____1_____itsabilitytochangetheworldwithits“fourgreatnewinventions”:high-speedrailways,mobilepayment,bike-sharingandonlineshopping.Doyouknow____2_____thenewinventionscanappearinChina?The“fourgreatnewinventions”are____3_____relatedtoChina’shigh-techinnovation(創(chuàng)新).Forexample,theoperatingmodeofbike-sharingisbased____4_____thesatellitenavigationsystem(衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)),mobilepayment,bigdataandotherhightechnologies.ThisshowsthatChina’shigh-techinnovationhasgreatly____5_____thequalityofpeople’slives.Chinahasenteredanewinnovativeera,thankstothelargeamountof____6_____thatChinahasspentencouraginginnovation.Chinaisbeginningto____7_____ininnovationinsomeways.“The‘fourgreatnewinventions’havesurelyimprovedcustomerexperience,andhelpednationalandglobal(全球的)economy____8_____atthesametime,”saidCharlieDai,principalanalyst(首席分析師)ofanAmericanmarketresearchcompany.Asawhole,alltheChineseare____9_____oftheirfournewinventions.ItisincreasinglyclearthatChinaisinnovatingandnolongercopyingwesternideas.Moreandmoreforeigners____10_____topromote(促進(jìn))economicdevelopmentintheircountriesbylearningfromChina’sinnovation.1．A．seemed B．a(chǎn)ppeared C．looked D．showed2．A．when B．what C．why D．where3．A．a(chǎn)ll B．both C．neither D．none4．A．in B．on C．to D．from5．A．improved B．finished C．invented D．wasted6．A．people B．water C．electricity D．money7．A．try B．lead C．win D．value8．A．develop B．warn C．mean D．live9．A．proud B．tired C．bored D．satisfied10．A．a(chǎn)fford B．repeat C．hope D．wait02Sittingforlongerthanfourhoursadayincreasesaperson’schanceofsuffering（患）illness.BenoitMaltaone,adesigner（設(shè)計者）fromFrance,discoveredthatofficeworkersspentabout70percentofthedaysittingdown.Tosolvetheproblemcausedbyitinmodernworkinglife,hecameupwithagreatidea—thetwo-leggedchair,whichistoencouragetheusertomoveathisorherdesk.Thechairjusthastwolegsandneedstheusertobalance（平衡）it.Althoughitlooksdangerous,itcanstoppeoplefromfellingwhileusingit.Butthechairisalittleuncomfortable,astheuserhastokeepitbalanced.Itisalsogoodforotherpartsofthebody,justlikeanexerciseball（姿勢）._________Mostpeopledon’tgetmuchexerciseduringtheday.PeoplewatchalotofTVandworkoncomputers.Manypeoplesufferfromspine（脊椎）problems.Companiesarecomingupwithnewproductsinourhousestomakeourliveseasier.Buttryingtoofferpeopleaneasierlifecauseslotsofhealthproblems.AccordingtoBenoit,thedesignisnotaboutmakingmoneyinthefurniture（家具）market.Itistoprovideaproductwhichtriestoencouragepeopletomovetheirwholebody.Thepracticeofthisspecialchaircanmakepeoplechangetheirbadhabits.Itwillencouragepeopletotrytobemoreactive.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”referto?A．Thetwo-leggedchair. B．Movingathisorherdesk.C．Sittingfortoolong. D．Thegreatidea.12．Choosethebestsentencetofillintheblank“________”inParagraph4.A．Sittinglongissocommonnow. B．Doingsportsissopopularnow.C．Workingenvironmentissohardnow. D．Keepinghealthyissocoolnow.13．What’sthepurposeofthispassage?A．Totellpeoplehowtokeepawayfromsittingtoolong.B．Totellpeoplehowtostayawayfromhealthproblems.C．Toexplainwhypeoplesufferfromillnessnow.D．Toshowatwo-leggedchairdesignedtomakepeoplehealthier.03TherearemanyTVcookshowswhereyouwishyoucouldreachthroughyourscreenandtastethedeliciousrecipesyourself.Now,Japanesescientistshavetakenahugesteptowardsmakingthatareality,withthedevelopmentofalickableTVscreen.ThedeviceiscalledTastetheTV(TTTV)andcontains10tastecansthatcanspraytastesamplesontothesurfaceofthescreen.Thedifferenttastesinthecanscanthenmixtocreatetastessimilartothosebeingshownonscreen,forexample,coffeeorpizza.Itisanexperimentaltechnology,producedbyMeijiUniversityinTokyo,Japan,withitsdevelopersexpectingacommercialversiontocostabout￡650.JapaneseprofessorMiyashitaand30studentshavedevelopedallkindsoftastetypes.Inhisversionthe10tastecanssprayamixtureofsamplesontoarollofhygienic(衛(wèi)生的)filmthatisplacedoveraflatTV-screen.“DuringtheCOVID-19,thiskindoftechnologycanimprovethewaypeopleconnectandcommunicatewiththeoutsideworld,”saidMiyashita.“Thegoalistomakeitpossibleforpeopletohavetheexperienceofsomethinglikeeatingatarestaurantontheothersideoftheworld,evenwhileathome,”hesaid.Miyashitahasalsobeenintalkswithcompaniesaboutusinghisspraytechnologyforapplicationslikeadevicethatcanapplyapizzaorchocolatetastetoapieceoftoastedbread.14．Thepassagetellsustheinventionof_________.A．tastycans B．TVcookshowsC．a(chǎn)filmtechnology D．a(chǎn)lickableTVscreen15．Paragraph3talksabout_________.A．whatthedeviceincludes B．howthedeviceworksC．whatthedeviceiscalled D．whythedeviceisinvented16．ThewriteruseswhatMiyashitasaystoexpressthe_________oftheinvention.A．ways B．purpose C．conditions D．importance17．Fromthepassage,weknowthatthedeviceis_________.A．widelyusednow B．popularwiththeJapaneseC．stillinexperiment D．likedbyrestaurantowners04Malaria(瘧疾)hasbeenadeadlyproblemforhumanssinceancienttimes.Usually,peoplegetmalariawheninfectedmosquitoesbitethem.Countlesspeoplehavediedfromit.ChinesescientistTuYouyoufoundaneffectivedrugcalledqinghaosu(青蒿素).Thisyearmarksthe50thanniversaryofTu’sdiscovery.In1969,Tubecamethedirectorofanationalprojecttodevelopadrugagainstmalaria.Herteamtookauniqueapproach.TheywentbacktobooksaboutclassicalChinesemedicine.Afterreadingmorethan2,000oldremedies(藥方),Tuandherteamcollectedover600plantsandlistedalmost380possibleremediesformalaria.Oneremedy,whichis1,600yearsold,usesthesweetwormwood(青蒿)planttotreatmalaria.Tufounditeffectiveandtriedtoextract(提取)theqinghaosufromitinordertomakedrugs.Theextractionfailedatfirst,soTureturnedtotheclassicalbooksagainandfinallyfoundaway.Sheusedalow-temperaturemethodtoextracttheqinghaosuandsucceededin1972.Afterherteamshowedthatqinghaosucouldtreatmalariainmiceandmonkeys,Tuandtwoofhercolleaguesvolunteeredtotestthedrugonthemselvesbeforetestingonhumanpatients.Itturnedoutthatqinghaosuwassafe.Allpatientsinthetestsrecovered.Gradually,qinghaosubecamethefirst-linetreatmentformalariarecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),savingmillionsoflivesinChinaandothercountriesthroughouttheworld.In2015,whenTuwasawardedwiththeNobelPrizeinphysiologyormedicine,sherefusedtotakeallofthecredit(榮譽).Instead,shepraisedhercolleaguesandChinesetraditionalmedicine.Sheonceproudlysaid,“Everyscientistdreamsofdoingsomethingthatcanhelptheworld.”18．Accordingtothepassage,tofindaneffectivedrugcalledqinghaosuis________.A．impossible B．uneasy C．unexpected D．complicated19．Whatdoweknowaboutthe“qinghaosu”?A．Itisextractedfromthesweetwormwoodplantatroom-temperature. B．TuYouyouandherteamspentthreeyearsfindingitout.C．Tuandallherteammatesvolunteeredtotestitonthemselves. D．Ithassavedmillionsoflivesaroundtheworld.20．Theunderlinedword“approach”inparagraph2probablymeans________.A．idea B．way C．discussion D．drug21．WecanfindthatTuYouyou________.A．tookallthecreditbyherself B．didalotandnevergaveupC．succeededincuringmalariabyaccident D．wontheNobelPrizeshortlyafterthesuccess22．Wecaninferthatthewriter’swritingpurposeisto________.A．praisetraditionalsolutioninChina B．encourageyoungpeopletolearnmedicineC．showhowtheqinghaosutreatsmalaria D．makeChineseoldremediesmorepopular05LiuJichen,astudentfromTsinghuaUniversity,hasdevelopedaWeChatmini-programcalled“ClearPlate”.___231____ameal,userscanopenthemini-programandtakeaphotooftheir___241____plates.OncetheimageischeckedbytheAI,userscancollectpointsandusethemtobuygiftsormealsforchildreninpoor___251____.“Technologyisagoodwayto___261____

theproblemoffoodwaste,”Liuthought.Heorganisedateamoftwentymemberstoworkontheproject.Inordertoimprovethemini-program,theteam___271____halfayearcollectingover100,000photosinschooldininghallsandrestaurants.

In2018,themini-programwasputintouse.Soon,itbecameoneof___281____mostpopularmini-programsinuniversitiesacrossChina.Meanwhile,Liuandhisteam,together___291____otherorganizations,startedthe“ClearYourPlate”campaigninNovemberinthethirdyearofhisuniversity.Almost1.6millioncollegestudentswereattractedandfoodwastewas___301____

by862tons.“Throughthecampaign,wehopetoencourage___311____totakeactionagainstfoodwaste,”hesaid.

Thankstohisgreatefforts,Liustoodout_____321____morethan7,600peoplearoundtheworldandwasrewardedoneoftheYoungLeadersfortheSDGs（可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)）bytheUN.參考答案1．D

2．C

3．A

4．B

5．A

6．D

7．B

8．A

9．A

10．C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述“新中國四大發(fā)明”：高鐵，電子支付，共享單車和網(wǎng)上購物。這新發(fā)明關(guān)系著中國新科技的創(chuàng)新，中國已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個新的創(chuàng)新時代。越來越清楚的一件事是中國正在創(chuàng)新。1．句意：最近這些年，中國又一次用“新四大發(fā)明”展示了改變世界的能力：高鐵，電子支付，共享單車和網(wǎng)上購物。seemed似乎；appeared出現(xiàn)；looked看；showed展示。根據(jù)“Chinaonceagainhas…itsability”可知，向世界展示它的能力，故選D。2．句意：你知道為什么新發(fā)明能出現(xiàn)在中國嗎？when什么時候；what什么；why為什么；where在哪里。根據(jù)“The‘fourgreatnewinventions’are…relatedtoChina’shigh-techinnovation”可知，本句話解釋新四大發(fā)明出現(xiàn)的原因，故選C。3．句意：“新四大發(fā)明”都與中國新科技的創(chuàng)新有關(guān)。all全部，表示三者及以上；both全都，表示兩者之間；neither兩個都不；none全都不?？崭裉幈硎径加嘘P(guān)，四個大于三，故選A。4．句意：例如，共享單車的運營模式是基于衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、移動支付、大數(shù)據(jù)等高科技。in在……里；on在……上；to到；from從。baseon“基于”，固定搭配，故選B。5．句意：這展示了中國的高科技創(chuàng)新已經(jīng)極大地提高了人們生活質(zhì)量。improved提高；finished完成；invented發(fā)明；wasted浪費。根據(jù)“China’shigh-techinnovationhasgreatly…thequalityofpeople’slives”可知，這些發(fā)明極大地提高了人們的生活水平，故選A。6．句意：中國已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個新的創(chuàng)新時代，由于中國在鼓勵創(chuàng)新上已經(jīng)花費了大量的金錢。people人；water水；electricity電；money錢。空格處為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，空格處的單詞作spend的賓語，中國在鼓勵創(chuàng)新上，花費了大量的金錢，故選D。7．句意：中國將會在一些方面開始引領(lǐng)創(chuàng)新。try嘗試；lead引導(dǎo)；win贏；value價值。根據(jù)“Chinaisbeginningto…ininnovationinsomeways”可知，中國將引領(lǐng)創(chuàng)新，故選B。8．句意：一家美國市場研究公司的首席分析師戴查理說：“新四大發(fā)明確實提高了客戶體驗，同時也幫助了國家和全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?！眃evelop發(fā)展；warn警告；mean意味著；live居住。根據(jù)“helpednationalandglobal(全球的)economy”可知，此處指幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，故選A。9．句意：作為整體，所有的中國人以他們新四大發(fā)明而自豪。proud自豪的；tired勞累的；bored無聊的；satisfied滿意的。根據(jù)“alltheChineseare…oftheirfournewinventions”可知，中國人都以這幾個發(fā)明而自豪，故選A。10．句意：越來越多的外國人希望通過學(xué)習(xí)中國的創(chuàng)新來促進(jìn)自己國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。afford支付得起；repeat重復(fù)；hope希望；wait等待。根據(jù)“promote(促進(jìn))economicdevelopmentintheircountriesbylearningfromChina’sinnovation”可知，他們希望能夠促進(jìn)自己國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，故選C。11．C

12．A

13．D【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹久坐對身體有害，因此兩條腿的椅子被發(fā)明出來，為了鼓勵人們改變不好的習(xí)慣。11．詞義推斷題。根據(jù)“BenoitMaltaone,adesigner（設(shè)計者）fromFrance,discoveredthatofficeworkersspentabout70percentofthedaysittingdown.”可知it指代這句話中人們久坐的問題。故選C。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Mostpeopledon’tgetmuchexerciseduringtheday.PeoplewatchalotofTVandworkoncomputers.”可知本段介紹人們久坐這一現(xiàn)象，A選項“久坐很普遍現(xiàn)在”符合。故選A。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Tosolvetheproblemcausedbyitinmodernworkinglife,hecameupwithagreatidea—thetwo-leggedchair,whichistoencouragetheusertomoveathisorherdesk.”和全文可知本文主要介紹兩條腿椅子的發(fā)明，為了讓人們改掉久坐的壞習(xí)慣。故選D。14．D

15．B

16．B

17．C【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了一種名叫TTTV的電視，這個機器包括屏幕和盛調(diào)料的容器，人們可以通過舔屏幕而嘗到來自世界各地食物的味道。14．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Now,Japanesescientistshavetakenahugesteptowardsmakingthatareality,withthedevelopmentofalickableTVscreen.”和全文可知，主要介紹了可舔電視屏幕這項發(fā)明。故選D。15．段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Thedevice...contains10tastecansthatcanspraytastesamplesontothesurfaceofthescreen.Thedifferenttastesinthecanscanthenmixtocreatetastessimilartothosebeingshownonscreen”可知，這個設(shè)備有10個味覺罐，可以將味覺樣本噴灑到屏幕表面；罐子里的不同味道可以混合在一起，創(chuàng)造出與屏幕上顯示的味道相似的味道。由此可知，本段主要介紹這個設(shè)備是如何工作的。故選B。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thegoalistomakeitpossibleforpeopletohavetheexperienceofsomethinglikeeatingatarestaurantontheothersideoftheworld,evenwhileathome”可知，目標(biāo)是讓人們即使在家里也有可能體驗到在世界另一端的餐館吃飯的感覺；由此推知，作者引用Miyashita的話是為了說明這項發(fā)明的目的。故選B。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Itisanexperimentaltechnology,producedbyMeijiUniversityinTokyo,Japan”可知，這個設(shè)備現(xiàn)在還處于實驗階段。故選C。18．D

19．D

20．B

21．B

22．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要介紹了中國科學(xué)家屠呦呦，挖掘中醫(yī)寶藏，發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素的過程。青蒿素成為治療瘧疾的一線藥物，拯救了全世界數(shù)百萬人的生病。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第2和3段“Afterreadingmorethan2,000oldremedies(藥方),Tuandherteamcollectedover600plantsandlistedalmost380possibleremediesformalaria…Theextractionfailedatfirst,soTureturnedtotheclassicalbooksagainandfinallyfoundaway.Sheusedalow-temperaturemethodtoextracttheqinghaosuandsucceededin1972.”可知，找到一種名叫青蒿素的有效藥物是很復(fù)雜的。故選D。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Gradually,qinghaosubecamethefirst-linetreatmentformalariarecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),savingmillionsoflivesinChinaandothercountriesthroughouttheworld.”可知，青蒿素拯救了全世界數(shù)百萬人的生命。故選D。20．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文“TheywentbacktobooksaboutclassicalChinesemedicine.Afterreadingmorethan2,000oldremedies(藥方),Tuandherteamcollectedover600plantsandlistedalmost380possibleremediesformalaria…Theextractionfailedatfirst,soTureturnedtotheclassicalbooksagainandfinallyfoundaway.”可知，可知此句“Herteamtookauniqueapproach.”句意為“她的團(tuán)隊采取了獨特的方法?！眲澗€部分意為“方法”，與“way”同義。故選B。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二、三段“TheywentbacktobooksaboutclassicalChinesemedicine.Afterreadingmorethan2,000oldremedies(藥方),Tuandherteamcollectedover600plantsandlistedalmost380possibleremediesformalaria…Theextractionfailedatfirst,soTureturnedtotheclassicalbooksagainandfinallyfoundaway.Sheusedalow-temperaturemethodtoextracttheqinghaosuandsucceededin1972.”可知，屠呦呦做了很多工作，從來沒有放棄過。故選B。22．主旨大意題。本文講述了屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊從中國古典藥籍中發(fā)現(xiàn)了治療瘧疾的青蒿素。它成為了一線藥物，在中國和世界各地挽救了數(shù)百萬人的生命。由此可知，作者的寫作目的是贊揚中國的傳統(tǒng)解決方案。故選A。23．After

24．empty

25．a(chǎn)reas

26