高中英語語法填空講解與練習(xí)

語法填空GrammarFilling1、閱讀、理解語篇的能力;2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力;3、熟練運(yùn)用語法,短語的能力?？疾槟繕?biāo)語法填空題兩類“空”：純空格〔3-4個〕給詞空(6-7個〕1.謂語〔時(shí)態(tài)—語態(tài)—數(shù)〕2.非謂語〔todo---doing—done)3.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換(名—形—副〕冠、代、介、連、引導(dǎo)詞考查方式解題關(guān)鍵：1把握大意；2找關(guān)鍵詞；找出句中主語、謂語、連詞主語、謂語、連詞橫線前后詞既要符合語意，又要符合語法！忽略文意，直奔題目！切忌：原那么：給詞空考點(diǎn)講解：1.謂語〔時(shí)態(tài)—語態(tài)—數(shù)〕2.非謂語〔todo---doing—done)3.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換(名—形—副〕Theexam,whichwasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,____________(change)tothelibraryatthelastminute.Theydidn’ttakemanychancesintheirlives.Theyusually_________(follow)orders.Ihadtoleaveworktotakehimtothehospitalbecausehe__________(break)hisfinger.waschangedfollowedhadbroken考點(diǎn)一、謂語動詞

括號內(nèi)給出動詞的原形，做題時(shí)首先找出句子的主干，確定主句，如果缺謂語，就要根據(jù)上下文語境和意思確定動詞的數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。如果空格前是助動詞〔will,shall等〕、情態(tài)動詞〔can,may,must等〕或是動詞加to的形式，那么空格一定是。如果空格前是have的各種形式，那么想到構(gòu)成。如果空格前是be的各種形式，那么想到用

動詞原形完成時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動語態(tài)。應(yīng)試策略謂語時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)1、考查在語境中判斷動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)為：現(xiàn)在:一般現(xiàn)在、一般將來、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成。過去:一般過去、過去進(jìn)行、過去將來、過去完成。2、時(shí)間、條件、等狀語從句中動詞的時(shí)態(tài)(主將從現(xiàn))(if/unless/assoonas/after/before/when等);3、時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志；4、時(shí)態(tài)一致性原那么；5、上下文語境；reading考點(diǎn)二、非謂語動詞solvedtoreadHe

sits

in

the

classroom,

_______

(read)

a

book.Willyoulendhimamagazine________(read).Withtheproblem_________(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.

非謂語動詞，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和動詞不定式。做題時(shí)確定所給出的詞與其所修飾的詞或其邏輯主語的關(guān)系。如果與中心詞是主動關(guān)系，；如果與中心詞是被動關(guān)系，；如果表示將來，一般用V-ing形式一般用V-ed形式應(yīng)試策略一般用動詞不定式。非謂語在單項(xiàng)選擇里考會很難，但在語法填空里考，卻成了比較簡單的考點(diǎn)。如果“空”所在的句子已經(jīng)有了謂語動詞，而且提示詞是動詞，那么這時(shí)候考察的是非謂語動詞形式。如果你實(shí)在不會非謂語，這兒教你一個很無賴的方法(正確率很高)：“空”后面緊跟名詞，填ing形式，反之填ed形式。uselesstightlyappearancepersonal考點(diǎn)三、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換Mostofthepeopleinthetownshowedpityonhim,butitwas________(use).Hehuggedthelittleboy_________(tight).Theorderinwhichtheyfinishedwoulddecidetheorderoftheir____________(appear)intheChinesecalendar.4.…,soI’mverycarefulnottogiveoutmy__________(person)information.括號內(nèi)給出單詞的其他形式，通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷句子缺少什么成分〔修飾什么詞〕，再用正確的單詞形式補(bǔ)充完整，該空同時(shí)考查同學(xué)們的單詞拼寫能力。應(yīng)試策略cheaperworst考點(diǎn)四、形容詞或副詞worseOneofthe________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher,MissChen.Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellas_______(cheap)tositcomfortablyathome,…Manyotheractorsare_____(badly)offthanmeatpresent,…括號內(nèi)給出形容詞或副詞，要根據(jù)上下文語境確定用原級、比較級還是最高級形式。應(yīng)試策略形容詞修飾名詞/代詞副詞修飾動詞/形容詞/副詞/句子Itis/was+形容詞〔+for/ofsb)+todo小試牛刀：1.【2015課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ61改編】ItwasraininglightlywhenI_______(arrive)InYangshuojustbeforedawn(黎明).2.【2015安徽24改編】JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI_______(leave)mybookintherestaurant.3.【2014江西22改編】WheneverImademistakes,theteacherpointedthemoutwith_________(patient).4.【2013天津3改編】IthinkwatchingTVeveryeveningisawasteoftime—thereare_________________(meaningful)thingstodo.5.【2014天津8改編】Aftertheevent(活動〕the______(piano)weredonatedtolocalschoolandcommunitygroups.6Thewomanlookaroundtheshop,_________(keep)aeyeonherbaby.arrivedhadleftpatiencemore

meaningfulpianoskeeping純空格類考點(diǎn)講解：1.冠詞2.代詞3.介詞4.

連詞或副詞5.

引導(dǎo)詞theana考點(diǎn)五、冠詞Heliedtotheteacherwith______samereason.Youcannowmake_______educateddecisionaboutwhatcareertopursue.Theauthorofthestudysuggestedthatencouragingmorebooksreadingmightbe____usefulwaytopreventchildhoodaccidents.

如果空格后是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，就應(yīng)該考慮空格處是否需要填不定冠詞(a,an)。如果空格后是序數(shù)詞、最高級或提及上文提到過的人或物等時(shí)，就應(yīng)該考慮空格處是否需要填定冠詞(the)。應(yīng)試策略Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehear______spoken.2.Thelittleboypulled_______righthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberofcoinsinit.3.Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax_________.itmyselfhis考點(diǎn)六、代詞

首先找出代詞所指代的名詞，根據(jù)其在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞执_定用哪個代詞。如果空格后是名詞，就應(yīng)該考慮空格處是否用物主代詞(my,your,his等)、指示代詞(this,that等)、不定代詞(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等)、名詞所有格或形容詞等進(jìn)行修飾。

如果空格前是動詞,就應(yīng)考慮用人稱代詞和反身代詞。應(yīng)試策略Televisionisnowplayingaveryimportantrole______ourlife.…morethanninethousandyoungAmericans,dissatisfiedwiththeirtrainingathome,wenttoGermany______advancedstudy.ItwasinthisveryroomthatIgavebirth______Lindaseventeenyearsago.

fortoin考點(diǎn)七、介詞介詞可位于名詞之前。如atnight,onSunday等；也可位于形容詞之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat等；還可位于不及物動詞之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor等。應(yīng)試策略掌握一些常用介詞的用法、含義和固定搭配；Ifafamilyhasmanychildren,themiddleonesometimesgetslostinthecrowd.

Theyoungestchild,_________,oftengetsspecialtreatment.Astheoxcameashore,theratjumpedoffandfinishedtheracefirst.___________theratgotthefirstyearnamedafterhimandtheoxgotthesecondyear.…Iaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterest______thenImademyfinaldecision.howeverandSo/Thus考點(diǎn)八、連詞或副詞空格前后兩個句子都含有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，那么要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~或連詞。表示遞進(jìn)：so,for,therefore,thus等；further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition等；

but,nevertheless,however,yet,while,although,though,等。表示轉(zhuǎn)折：表示因果：

表示并列：and,or等；應(yīng)試策略thatwhothat考點(diǎn)九、引導(dǎo)詞Oneday,hecameupwithanidea________hewouldhelpmewithmyproject.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,_____aresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikelytosucceed.SocarelesswasI_________Ihadforgottenallaboutthat.空格前后都是一個句子,做題時(shí)應(yīng)該從句子的意義去判斷是屬于什么類型的復(fù)合句〔定語從句、名詞性從句或者狀語從句〕，再確定填什么引導(dǎo)詞。應(yīng)試策略如何判斷從句類型？空格前是名詞空格前是及物動詞

空格前是系動詞

空格在句首定語從句同位語語從句主語從句狀語從句所填詞在后面句子中充當(dāng)成分不充當(dāng)成分所填詞在后面句子中充當(dāng)主賓表所填詞在后面句子中充當(dāng)各類狀語賓語從句表語從句判斷狀語從句類型時(shí)還可以根據(jù)前后句句子之間的意思及邏輯關(guān)系來判斷是什么狀語從句小試牛刀：1.【2014山東4改編】Susanmade___cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.2.【2014北京23改編】Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaves____halfanhour.3.【2015重慶14改編】Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof______werepublishedinthe1990s.4.【2014安徽22改編】Theexactyear___________KateandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawasin2008.5.Hurryup,

____

you’llmisstheearlybus.itwhichthat/whichinor一步來把全文看，把握主旨邏輯線；二步開始做答案，容易做的先做完；難題放在第三步，上下文里找答案；四步復(fù)讀很關(guān)鍵，保證全文意連貫。解題四步口訣：Practicemakesperfect.Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI__61__(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours__62__,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with__63_(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_64__arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_65__(painting).Instead,I‘dheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway__66_carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Yangshuo__67__(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_68__(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit___(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_70__(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.【2015課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ】Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI__61__(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours__62__,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with__63_(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.arrivedearlier/beforeitsI’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountain(石灰?guī)r山)topsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_64__arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_65__(painting).Instead,I‘dheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway__66_carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.that/whichpaintingsbyYangshuo__67__(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_68__(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit___(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_70__(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.isconducted

regularly

livingTheadobedwellings(土坯房)61〔build〕bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouth