2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義Unit4SpaceExploration新人教版必修第三冊(cè)含答案

Unit4SpaceExplorationForthousandsofyears，lackofsufficientdataresultsinthefactthatspaceisstillamysterytous.Mankindkeepsanongoingdesireforspaceexploration，hopingtofigureouthowstarsandplanetsoperate，althoughsomepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingmoneyonit，whichisarathershallowbelief.Intelligentpeoplehavealwaysattachedgreatimportancetouniverseexplorationinthehopeofdiscoveringmoreresources，whichoneartharelimitedandrunningout.Decadesago，manyscientistsweredeterminedtomakespaceflightcometruewithspecialvehicles.WiththefirstsatellitelaunchedandorbitingaroundEarthsuccessfully，YuriGagarinbecamethefirstastronauttobesentintospace.Afterthat，NeilArmstrongsucceededinsteppingontothemoon，signalingagiantleapformankind.Despitesomedisappointingfailures，humanbeingsarestillkeentocarryonexploringuniversesoastolearnitssecrets.Aftersendinghumansintospaceindependentlyin2003，Chinahasmadegreatprogressbeyondexpectations—Tiangong2dockedwithTianzhou1，Chang’e4landedonthemoon，andsoon.1determinevt.查明；確定；決定1.Shedeterminestocarry（carry）onwithhereducationindependently.2.[外研必修③－2]Thisinsightgrewfromthedetermined（determine）attitudeofasix-year-oldboywhohadthecourageandperseverancetomakehisdreamareality.3.[外研選必③－1]Whatimpressmemostarehercourage，skillanddetermination（determine）...4.家庭教育對(duì)于一個(gè)人性格的形成起著重要作用。 （個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)）Familyeducationplaysanimportantpartindeterminingaperson’scharacter.5.Determinedtoreachthefinishline（決心沖向終點(diǎn)線），heignoredthepainfromhisbleedinganklesandranasfastashislegscouldcarryhim. （讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)）★determinetodosth.決定做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）★determinedadj.意志堅(jiān)定的；有決心的bedeterminedtodosth.決心/決定做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）★determinationn.決心；堅(jiān)定★"決定做某事"的表達(dá)還有decidetodosth.，makeupone’smindtodosth.等。2desiren.渴望，欲望vt.渴望；期望1.[外研必修③－5]Researchalsosuggeststhatourdesiretoseek（seek）riskscanbeconnectedtohowmuchweexpecttobenefitfromtheresult.2.[外研選必③－2]Thereisgreaterpublicinterestinoldstoriesandtraditions，aswellasadesireforhigh-qualityproducts.3.Afterafewmonths，heronlydesireisthatherson（should）recover（recover）fromtheseriousillness.點(diǎn)撥desire作動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句，以及desire作名詞后接同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)用"should＋動(dòng)詞原形"形式，should可省略。4.如果你渴望用英語(yǔ)與外國(guó)人流利地交流，我呼吁你立即加入我們的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)角。（邀請(qǐng)信）→①IfyoudesiretocommunicatefluentlywithforeignersinEnglish，IappealtoyoutojoinourSpokenEnglishCornerrightaway.（desirev.，不定式）→②Ifyouhaveastrongdesirethatyou（should）communicatefluentlywithforeignersinEnglish，IappealtoyoutojoinourSpokenEnglishCornerrightaway.（desiren.，that從句）點(diǎn)撥appealtosb.for/todosth.呼吁某人做某事；appealtosb.還可意為"對(duì)某人有吸引力"，例如：Thedesignhastoappealtoallagesandsocialgroups.設(shè)計(jì)得要雅俗共賞，老幼皆宜?！飄avea（strong）desireforsth./that...（should）dosth.（強(qiáng)烈）渴望得到某物/……做某事adesiretodosth.做某事的愿望★desire（sb.）todosth.渴望（某人）做某事desirethat...（should）dosth.渴望……做某事★desirableadj.可取的，值得做的3signalvt.標(biāo)志著，表明（indicate）；表示，表達(dá)vt.&vi.發(fā)信號(hào)n.信號(hào)；標(biāo)志（sign）；信號(hào)燈1.Apolicecardrewabreast（并排）ofusandsignaledustostop（stop）.2.Themomentthebellsignal（l）ed（鈴聲一響起），Richardrosetohisfeet，seizedhisschoolbagandrushedoutoftheclassroomlikeanarrow.（themoment引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句） （讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)）點(diǎn)撥注意signal可直接加-ed或-ing，也可以雙寫(xiě)l后再加。signal（l）ed；signal（l）ing。3.司機(jī)小心地抱起受傷的男孩，把他安置在車后排，不顧路邊的紅綠燈，趕緊把他送到醫(yī)院。（讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)）Thedrivercarefullypickeduptheinjuredboy，settledhiminthebackofthecarandrushedhimtothehospital，ignoringthetrafficsignalsalongtheroad.（分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）★signal（to）sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal（tosb.）that示意（某人）……★trafficsignals/lights紅綠燈4lackn.缺乏；短缺vt.沒(méi)有；缺乏1.[人教選必①－4]Hislackofeyecontactwhentalkingwithpeopleshowsthathelacksconfidence.2.Theygaveupcarryingontheplanforlackofmoney.3.ThoughJackwaslackinginexperience，hemadeupforitbyworkingextrahard.4.由于個(gè)人信息的泄露和頻繁的高科技詐騙，在這個(gè)信息時(shí)代，我們似乎缺乏安全感?！貰ecauseoftheleakofpersonalinformationandfrequenthigh-techfraud，itseemsthatwelackasenseofsecurityinthisinformationera.（lackv.）→②Becauseoftheleakofpersonalinformationandfrequenthigh-techfraud，itseemsthatwearelackinginasenseofsecurityinthisinformationera.（lacking）→③Theleakofpersonalinformationandfrequenthigh-techfraudseemtocausealackofasenseofsecurityinthisinformationera.（lackn.）★（a/the）lackof...缺乏……forlackof...因缺乏……nolackof...不缺……★lackingadj.缺少的，不足的belackingin...缺少……5arguevt.&vi.論證；爭(zhēng)辯vi.爭(zhēng)吵1.Recentlythecouplehavearguedwitheachotheragreatdealsincetheyhavedifferentanalysisonthemystery.2.[人教選必②－3]Putmoresimply，whilepeoplecontinuetoargueabout/overwhetherornotfattyfoodisdangerous，wealreadyknowthatsugarisakiller.3.Theworkersmanagedtoarguetheirbossintogivingthemapayrise.點(diǎn)撥注意into為介詞，后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，需要用其-ing形式。4.[北師選必③－7]Youandyourparentsarehavinganargument（argue）aboutyoustayingoutlateonFridaynight.點(diǎn)撥注意argue變成名詞時(shí)，去-e再加-ment。5.Somestudentsthinkthatwearinguniformssavesalotoftimeforthem. （正反觀點(diǎn)）→Somestudentsarguethatwearinguniformssavesalotoftimeforthem.（詞匯升級(jí)）6.Currently，60％respondentsarguefor（支持）garbageclassificationandpeoplewhoargueagainst（反對(duì)）itareintheminority. （正反觀點(diǎn)）★arguewithsb.about/oversth.就某事與某人爭(zhēng)吵/爭(zhēng)論arguethat主張/認(rèn)為……arguefor/against（doing）sth.贊成/反對(duì)（做）某事arguesb.into/outofdoingsth.說(shuō)服某人做/不做某事★argumentn.爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)吵；論點(diǎn)haveanargumentwithsb.about/oversth.就某事與某人發(fā)生爭(zhēng)吵/爭(zhēng)論6attachvt.系；綁；貼；附上1.[北師必修①－3]Next，theChinesecharacterFuwasattachedupsidedowntoourfrontdoor.2.[外研選必④－1]Asstatedinmyattached（attach）CV，IcanspeakbothEnglishandFrenchfluently.點(diǎn)撥句意：如所附簡(jiǎn)歷所述，我能流利地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)。CV在此表示"簡(jiǎn)歷"，相當(dāng)于resume。3.Generally，childrenaremoreattached（attach）totheirmotherthantheirfather.4.她發(fā)現(xiàn)桌子上放著一個(gè)盒子，盒子上貼著一張卡片，上面寫(xiě)著"母親節(jié)快樂(lè)"。Shefoundaboxlyingonthetablewithacardattachedtoit，saying"HappyMother’sDay".5.學(xué)校應(yīng)該重視學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展，而不僅僅是他們的成績(jī)。 （個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)）Schoolsshouldattachsignificance/importancetostudents’all-rounddevelopmentratherthanonlytheirgrades.點(diǎn)撥beattachedto中to為介詞，后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，需要用其-ing形式。★attach...to把……系/綁/貼/附在……上attach（great）importance/significance/valueto認(rèn)為……（極為）重要/有價(jià)值★attachedadj.熱愛(ài)……的；附屬的beattachedto喜歡，依戀；附屬于★attachmentn.附件；附屬物；擁護(hù)；愛(ài)慕7carryon繼續(xù)做，堅(jiān)持干（keep，continue，goon，stickto）1.[外研選必①－3]...Stephenwasthought...tobetooshort，toothinandtooweaktofollowinhisfather’sfootsteps.ButStephencarriedon.Playingbasketballwashisdream.2.Carryonexercising（exercise）andyouwillbeingoodshape.3.Lackingsufficientoxygen，theastronautcouldnotcarryonwiththemission.4.Ifyoucontinueworkinglikethat，youwillbreakdownsoonerorlater.→Ifyoucarryonworkinglikethat，youwillbreakdownsoonerorlater.（詞匯升級(jí)）★carryonwith/doingsth.繼續(xù)做某事carrysth.on＝carryonsth.繼續(xù)某事8resultin導(dǎo)致，造成（cause，leadto，bringabout，contributeto，accountfor）（后跟結(jié)果）1.[北師選必①－3]ReducedrainfallinCanadaresultedinahugeforestfireinMay2016.2.[譯林選必②－1]TherehavebeenanumberofchangestothePulitzerPrizesovertime.Someoftheseresultedfromadvancesintechnology.3.Kidswillfeelthatparentsdon’tcareand，asaresult（結(jié)果），mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.點(diǎn)撥常見(jiàn)的表示結(jié)果的銜接詞語(yǔ)還有：so，therefore，consequently，asaconsequence，thus，hence，accordingly等。4.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，人類活動(dòng)造成了惡劣的環(huán)境?！賂hereisnodoubtthathumanactivitiesresultinthebadenvironment.（resultv.）→②Thereisnodoubtthatthebadenvironmentresultsfromhumanactivities.（resultv.）→③Thereisnodoubtthattheenvironmentbecomesworseasaresultofhumanactivities.（resultn.）★resultfrom由……造成（后跟原因）★asaresult結(jié)果asaresultof由于……9runout用完，耗盡（beusedup）；（文件）過(guò)期，失效（物作主語(yǔ)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）1.TomstartedtorunafterJerryatthesightofhim，soJerryhadtorunaway.Jerrywassonervousthatheranintoatreeaccidentallyafterafewminutes’chase.Finally，theirstrengthranout.2.Iranthroughthetextmessageinahurry，notunderstandingawordofit.3.我們的汽油快用完了，所以我們不得不在加油站停下來(lái)，在那兒我們又偶然遇見(jiàn)了那個(gè)男人。Wewererunningoutofpetrol/Ourpetrolwasrunningout，sowehadtostopatthefillingstation，whereweraninto/acrossthemanagain.點(diǎn)撥runout（of）常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。runout為不及物動(dòng)詞，通常物作主語(yǔ)；而runoutof后可跟賓語(yǔ)，通常人作主語(yǔ)?！飏unoutof（＝useup）用完（人作主語(yǔ)）runaway（from...）逃離；避開(kāi)runfor競(jìng)選runafter追求；追逐runinto撞上；偶然遇見(jiàn)；遇到（困難等）；途中遭遇（惡劣天氣）runacross偶然遇到；穿過(guò)runthrough快速閱讀；迅速傳遍10動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)1.[人教必修②－3]SherealisedthatoneofthegreatestbenefitsoftheInternetwasitsabilitytoremove（remove）thedistancethatusuallyexistsbetweenpeople.2.Thefirstpersontoarrive（arrive）wasTonyGarciafromColombia，closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.3.Therewasnosignalinthatfarawayvillageandallmyattemptstocontact（contact）youfailed.4.我個(gè)人認(rèn)為，我是從事這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選。 （申請(qǐng)信）Personally，Ith