新教材英語人教版選擇性單元加餐練5Unit5WorkingtheLand

單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解IsItWorthBuyingOrganicFood?Organicfood,grownwithoutartificialchemicals,isincreasinglypopularnowadays.Consumershavebeenwillingtopayuptotwicemoreforgoodswithorganiclabels(商標).However,ifyouthinkpayingalittlemorefororganicfoodgetsyouamorenutritiousandsaferproduct,thenyou'dbettersaveyourmoney.AstudyledbyresearchersatStanfordThelatestresults,publishedintheAnnualsofInternalMedicine,suggestthatbuyersmaybewastingtheirmoney.“Wedidnotfindstrongevidencethatorganicfoodismorenutritiousorhealthier，”saysDrCrystalSmith-SpanglerfromStanford.“Soconsumersshouldn'tassumethatonetypeoffoodhasalowerriskorissafer.”Fortheirnewstudy,Smith-Spanglerandhercolleaguesconductedareviewoftwocategoriesofresearch,including17studiesthatparedhealthoutesbetweenconsumersoforganicagainsttraditionalfoodproducts,and223studiesthatanalyzedthenutritionalcontentofthefoods,includingkeyvitamins,mineralsandfats.Whiletheresearchersfoundlittledifferenceinnutritionalcontent,theydidfindthatorganicfruitandvegetableswere20%lesslikelytohavechemicalsremainingonthesurfaces.Neitherorganicnortraditionalfoodsshowedlevelsofchemicalshighenoughtogobeyondfoodsafetystandards.Andbothorganicandtraditionalmeats,suchaschickenandpork,wereequallylikelytobeharmedbybacteriaatverylowrates.Theresearchersdidfindthatorganicmilkandchickencontainedhigherlevelsofomega-3fattyacids,ahealthyfatalsofoundinfishthatcanreducetheriskofheartdisease.However,thesenutritionaldifferencesweretoosmall,andtheresearcherswereunwillingtomakemuchofthemuntilfurtherstudiesconfirmthetrends.Organicfoodisproducedwithfewerchemicalsandmorenatural-growingpractices,butthatdoesn'talwaystranslateintoamorenutritiousorhealthierproduct.TheUSDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)statesthat“whetheryoubuyorganicornot,findingthefreshestfoodsavailablemayhavethebiggesteffectontaste.”Freshfoodisatleastasgoodasanythingmarketedasorganic.本文為議論文，由人們花很多錢去購買有機食品入題，提出有機食品真的比傳統食品更好嗎？然后引用專家的調查結果證實有機食品并未比傳統食品有更好的營養(yǎng)成分。1．Thenewresearchquestionswhetherorganicfood________.A．shouldreplacetraditionalfoodB．hasbeenoverpricedbyfarmersC．isgrownwithlessharmfulchemicals D．isreallymorenutritiousandhealthier答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據全文尤其是第二段第二句“Wedidnotfindstrongevidencethatorganicfoodismorenutritiousorhealthier”可知，新研究主要質疑有機食品是否更有營養(yǎng)，更健康。故D正確。2．Smith-Spanglerandhercolleaguesfoundthat________.A．organicfoodcouldreducetheriskofheartdiseaseB．traditionalfoodwasgrownwithmorenaturalmethodsC．bothorganicandtraditionalfoodtheyexaminedweresafeD．therewasnotapresenceofanyformsofbacteriainorganicfood答案：C解析：推理判斷題。第四段詳細對比了有機食品和傳統食品在各方面的情況，得出結論兩種食品只有細微差別，并沒有哪一種比另一種營養(yǎng)成分更多。故C正確。3．Whichofthefollowingisrelativelyhealthieraccordingtothepassage?A．Organicchickenandpork. B．Organicmilkandchicken.C．Traditionalchickenandpork. D．Traditionalfruitandvegetables.答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段第四句“Theresearchersdidfindthatorganicmilkandchickencontainedhigherlevelsofomega-3fattyacids,ahealthyfatalsofoundinfishthatcanreducetheriskofheartdisease.”可知答案為B。4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardorganicfood?A．Sceptical. B．Neutral.C．Unconcerned. D．Approving.答案：A解析：觀點態(tài)度題。作者在第一段提出人們不值得花過多的錢去買有機食品，在最后一段引用USDA美國農業(yè)部的觀點“whetheryoubuyorganicfoodornot,findingthefreshestfoodsavailablemayhavethebiggesteffectontaste”以及最后一句可看出作者是質疑的態(tài)度。故A正確。Ⅱ.七選五TheKeytoSuccessWhenIwas27yearsold,Ileftaverydemandingjobinmanagementconsultingforajobthatwasevenmoredemanding:teaching.__1__Andlikeanyteacher,Imadequizzesandtests.Igaveouthomeworkassignments.Whentheworkcameback,Icalculatedgrades.__2__SomeofmystrongestperformersdidnothaveequallygoodIQscores.Someofmysmartestkidsweren'tdoingsowell.Andthatgotmethinking.Thekindsofthingsyouneedtolearninseventh-graders'matharehard.__3__Iwasfirmlyconvincedthateveryoneofmystudentscouldlearnthematerialiftheyworkedhardandlongenough.Afterseveralmoreyearsofteaching,Icametotheconclusionthatwhatweneedineducationisamuchbetterunderstandingofstudentsandlearningfromamotivational(動機的)perspective,fromapsychologicalperspective.SoIlefttheclassroom,andIwenttograduateschool(研究生院)tobeeapsychologist.Istartedstudyingkidsandadultsinallkindsofsuperchallengingsettings,andineverystudymyquestionwas,whoissuccessfulhereandwhy?MyresearchteamandIwenttotheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademy.__A．ItwasIQaswellasEQ.B．Itwasn'tsocialintelligenceorIQ.C．Butthosethingsarenotimpossibletolearn.D．SomeofmybeststudentsreallyhavehighIQ.E．Iwenttoteachseventh-graders'mathinaNewYorkCitypublicschool.F．WhatstruckmewasthatIQwasnottheonlydifferenceamongstudents.G．Wetriedtopredictwhichparticipantswouldstayinmilitarytrainingandwhichwoulddropout.這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章講述了作者在當老師的時候做了一個實驗，發(fā)現孩子的智商不是決定其成功的決定性因素，在之后的研究中他發(fā)現成功的因素是毅力。1．E解析：根據上文WhenIwas27yearsold,Ileftaverydemandingjobinmanagementconsultingforajobthatwasevenmoredemanding:teaching.可知，我放棄了一個要求非常高的管理咨詢工作而去選擇一個要求更高的工作：教學。E選項的意思：我去紐約市公立學校教七年級數學。因此是繼續(xù)介紹他的教學工作，前后邏輯一致，因此選E。2．F解析：根據下文SomeofmystrongestperformersdidnothaveequallygoodIQscores.Someofmysmartestkidsweren'tdoingsowell.可知，表現最好的一些人沒有同樣高的智商。而我的一些最聰明的孩子表現沒有那么好。F選項的意思：讓我感到震驚的是，智商不是學生之間唯一的區(qū)別。前后貫通，因此選F。3．C解析：根據下文Iwasfirmlyconvincedthateveryoneofmystudentscouldlearnthematerialiftheyworkedhardandlongenough.可知，我堅信，如果他們努力學習足夠長的時間，我的每一個學生都可以學得這些。C選項意思：但那些事情并非不可能學習。空格后是對C的進一步解釋，因此選C。4．G解析：根據上文MyresearchteamandIwenttotheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademy.可知，我和我的研究團隊去了美國軍事學院。G選項的意思：我們試圖預測哪些參與者會留在軍事訓練中，哪些參與者會退出。前后符合邏輯，因此選G。5．B解析：根據上文Inallthoseverydifferentcontexts,onecharacteristicemergedasasignificantpredictorofsuccess.可知，在所有這些非常不同的背景下，一個特征成為成功的重要預測指標。根據下文Itwasgrit(毅力)可知，是毅力。B選項意思：這不是社交智慧或智商。根據上下文可知選B。Ⅲ.完形填空TheGrassCuttingDaysEverytimeweheadedouttocutgrass,Dadwastheretowatch.Iusedto__1__whyhecamewithus.HestoodwatchingusinthestickyFloridaheatwhenhecouldhavebeeninside__2__withairconditioningandanicydrink.Onedaywewerecuttingournext-doorneighbor'syard.Shealwayswaiteduntilthegrasswasknee-hightocallusover.Tomakemattersworse,wehadanoldlawnmowerthatkeptbreakingdownaswetriedtocut__3__herbackyardjungle.Thisparticularafternoon,Iwasfinishingupandwastiredandsweaty.I__4__thetallglassofcoldjuiceIwoulddrinkinaminutetocooldown.Iwasjustabouttoturnoffthelawnmower__5__IsawDadpointingtoonesinglebladeofgrass(一片草).IthoughtaboutthesmallamountofmoneyIwasgetting__6__forcuttinggrasssohighthatitalmostbrokethemower.Iignoredhimandkeptwalking.Dadcalledmeoutandyelled,“Youmissedablade.”Ifrowned(皺眉),hopinghewouldletmegohome.Hekeptpointing.Thoughtiredand__7__，Istillwentbacktocutthatbladeofgrass.Ithoughttomyself,“Thatonebladeisn't__8__anyone.Whywon'thejustletitgo？”ButwhenIreachedadulthood,Iunderstoodhis__9__：Whenyou'rerunningabusiness,theworkyoudosaysagreatdealaboutyou.Ifyouwanttobeseenasanhonestbusinessman,youmustdeliveraqualityproduct.Thatsinglebladeofgrass__10__thejobwasnotdone.Otherneighborstook__11__ofthegoodworkwedidandwesoongainedmore__12__.Thelessonmydadtaughtmestayedwithme:Be__13__.Ifyousayyouaregoingtoperformajobatacertaintime,__14__yourword.Giveyourcustomersthekindof__15__youwouldliketoreceive.Itshowshowsincereyouareandhowmuchprideyoutakeinyourwork.這是一篇記敘文，文章講述了作者在暑假給別人修剪草坪掙零花錢時，父親對自己的教育。從這件事中作者知道了做任何事都要有專業(yè)素養(yǎng)，這是一個道德規(guī)范問題。1.A.wonder B．understandC．know D．expect答案：A解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.wonder想知道；B.understand理解；C.know知道；D.expect期望。結合下文可知，作者很想知道父親為什么總是大熱天站在那兒看著自己給別人割草坪，故選A。2．A.hiding B．relaxingC．playing D．talking答案：B解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.hiding躲藏；B.relaxing放松；C.playing玩；D.talking交談。結合上文可知，此處是指作者認為父親本可以坐在空調屋里喝著冷飲放松，故選B。3．A.in B．backC．up D．through答案：D解析：考查短語動詞辨析。cutin插嘴；cutback減少；cutup切碎；cutthrough穿過。結合上下文語境可知，鄰居的草坪的草很高，此處是指作者要在這些高草中來回穿過，故選D。4．A.pictured B．decidedC．required D．invented答案：A解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.pictured想象；B.decided決定；C.required要求；D.invented發(fā)明。結合上文語境可知，天氣很熱，作者汗流浹背，又很累，所以此處是作者在想象著很快自己就可以喝杯涼果汁。故選A。5．A.until B．beforeC．when D．while答案：C解析：考查連詞詞義辨析。A.until直到……才；B.before在……之前；C.when當……時候；D.while當……時候。句意：我剛要關上割草機的時候，突然看到爸爸指著一片草地。beabouttodo...when...是固定句型，意思是“當正要去做一件事的時候，另一件事情突然發(fā)生了”。while沒有此用法，故選C。6．A.involved B．caughtC．changed D．paid答案：D解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.involved涉及；B.caught抓?。籆.changed改變；D.paid支付。結合上下文語境可知，此處是指作者割草別人付給的工錢，故選D。7．A.discouraged B．ashamedC．touched D．shocked答案：A解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.discouraged灰心的；沮喪的；B.ashamed羞愧的；C.touched感動的；D.shocked震驚的。結合上文可知，作者感到又累又熱，然而父親卻讓他接著把另一片草割干凈，因此他感到很沮喪。故選A。8．A.surprising B．frighteningC．hurting D．embarrassing答案：C解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.surprising使吃驚；B.frightening使害怕；C.hurting傷害；D.embarrassing使尷尬。結合語境可知，作者對父親非得讓他把那片草割干凈很不理解，此處是指作者認為那片草不割也不會傷害誰，故選C。9．A.punishment B．messageC．cruelty D．expression答案：B解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.punishment懲罰；B.message信息；啟示；C.cruelty殘酷；D.expression表達。句意：但是，當我成年以后，我明白了他想傳達的信息。根據下文可知，作者后來明白了父親讓自己那么做的原因。故選B。10．A.seemed B．realizedC．meant D．found答案：C解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.seemed似乎；B.realized意識到；C.meant意味著；D.found發(fā)現。結合上文作者的感悟可知，此處是指那片沒有割的草就意味著沒有完成工作。故選C。11．A.care B．noticeC．place D．control答案：B解析：考查短語動詞辨析。takecareof照顧；takenoticeof注意到；takeplaceof代替；takecontrolof控制；掌管。根據下文，很多人因為作者割草認真來找他割草坪可知，此處是指其他鄰居看到了他們做的工作很棒，故選B。12．A.business B．workersC．experience D．prizes答案：A解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.business生意；B.workers工人；C.experience經驗；D.prizes獎品。結合上文大家都知道了我們做事認真可知，此處是指很多人來找我們給他們割草坪，即獲得了更多生意，故選A。13．A.patient B．powerfulC．prepared D．professional答案：D解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.patient有耐心的；B.powerful強大的；C.prepared準備好的；D.professional專業(yè)的。結合上文作者的感悟可知，此處是指做工作要專業(yè)，守信用，故選D。14．A.break B．giveC．save D．keep答案：D解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.break打破；B.give給；C.save節(jié)約；D.keep保持。結合上下文語境可知，如果你說你要在某個時間完成一項工作，那么你就得信守諾言。keepone'sword遵守諾言，故選D。15．A.advice B．serviceC．attention D．warmth答案：B解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.advice建議；B.service服務；C.attention注意力；D.warmth溫暖。根據下文作者說“它顯示出你有多真誠，對你的工作有多自豪”可知，此處是指要給你的顧客你想要的那種服務，故選B。Ⅳ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Whatiseco-fashion?Eco-fashionisaboutmakingclothesthatconsiderstheenvironment,thehealthofconsumersandtheworkingconditionsofpeopleinthefashionindustry.Acloserlookatthefashionindustrypointsoutmanyproblemsthataremonpracticesinthecreationofourfashionsfromthefieldtothefactory.Firstly,theproductionoftextilespollutestheenvironmentheavily.Cotton-plantingusespesticides;sheep-farmingandwool-cleaningbringaboutglobalwarming.Secondly,everystageofclothingproductionconsumesagreatdealofenergyandsomealsoinvolvechemicalswhichobviouslydoharmtothesurroundings.Inaddition,thereisalotofwasteproducedintheprocess,especiallyintheformofpollutedwater.Thirdly,growingpurchasingpowerandourshoppinghabitsfurtherworsenthebadeffects.Wearenowbuyingclothesinincreasingquantitiesandwearealsoquicktothrowawayclothesthathavebeenwornonlyacoupleoftimes.Then,howtosolvetheproblem?Toalargedegree,itisthefashionproducersthatreallyhavethepowerandtheresponsibilitytoshapeourfuture.Thereareagreatmanywaystheseproducerscanreducetheirecologicalfootprin