新教材高中北師大版英語(yǔ)選擇性必修1學(xué)案Unit1PartⅤWritingWorkshopViewingWorkshopReadingClub

PartⅤWritingWorkshop,ViewingWorkshop&ReadingClub【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】話題語(yǔ)境“人與社會(huì)”主題下對(duì)“良好的人際關(guān)系和社會(huì)交往”之探討課時(shí)詞匯invitation,organise,petitor,progression,engagement,behaviour,principle,contrast常用短語(yǔ)sofar,onbehalfofsb.,takeup,takeplace,giveaspeech,notedown,etoadecision,conformto,giveinto重點(diǎn)句式(1)sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句(2)形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)(3)表達(dá)性技能：能夠?qū)懷?qǐng)信單詞巧練寫準(zhǔn)記牢Ⅰ.核心單詞練習(xí)：請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給的詞性和詞義寫出單詞1．________________n.動(dòng)力，積極性2．________________n.差異，差別vt.形成對(duì)比3．________________n.政治，政治活動(dòng)4．________________adj.不積極的，不主動(dòng)的5．________________n.原則；行為準(zhǔn)則6．________________vi.&vt.保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)7．________________n.贊許；同意8．________________vt.屬于9．________________adv.真誠(chéng)地，由衷地10．________________n.參與11．________________n.清楚，清晰12．________________n.選手，參賽者13．________________n.話題，題目14．________________n.代表……15．________________vt.組織，籌劃Ⅱ.常用單詞練習(xí)：根據(jù)句意和所給的首字母或中文提示寫出符合句中單詞的正確形式1．He'sabrightenoughstudent—hejustlacks__________(動(dòng)力)．2．Therehasbeenacallforgreater________(清晰)inthisareaofthelaw.3．Thepanyisveryinterestedinproductdesignand________(革新)．4．Thanksforthe________(邀請(qǐng))toyourbirthdayparty.5．Sherefusestoallowherfamilytohelpherasamatterof________(原則)．6．Allourofficersaretrainedtod________themselvesagainstknifeattacks.7．Shedesperatelywantedtowinherfather'sa________.8．Severalofthepointsyouraiseddonotb________inthisdiscussion.9．Hes________believedhewasactinginbothwomen'sbestinterests.10．Lastyeartheysoldtwiceasmanyputersastheirc________.11．Ourdiscussionrangedovervarioust________，suchasacidrainandtheholeintheozonelayer.12．Onb________ofthedepartmentIwouldliketothankyouall.13．Theyo________ameetingbetweentheteachersandstudents.Ⅲ.短語(yǔ)記憶：閱讀本部分內(nèi)容翻譯相關(guān)短語(yǔ)1．和……對(duì)比________________2．傾向于做某事________________3．一系列，一套________________4．被控制________________5．認(rèn)真地對(duì)待某事________________6．屈服，讓步________________7．取笑________________8．包圍________________9．導(dǎo)致________________10．服從；遵守；贊同；支持________________11．遵守________________12．屬于________________13．想要________________14．渴望做某事________________15．占據(jù)________________16．為……負(fù)責(zé)________________17．愿意做某事________________18．代表某人________________?第一版塊：重點(diǎn)單詞1.invitationn．邀請(qǐng)(教材P18)AnInvitationLetter邀請(qǐng)信(1)attheinvitationofsb.應(yīng)某人的邀請(qǐng)aletterofinvitation邀請(qǐng)信theinvitationtosth./todosth.某事/做某事的邀請(qǐng)(2)invitev.邀請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)求；引誘invitesb.tosth.(forsth.)邀請(qǐng)某人(為某事)到……invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事invitesth.fromsb.向某人請(qǐng)求某事(3)invitingadj.誘人的；吸引人的?AftertheyweregivenaninvitationtoappearliveonBBC,theBeatlesquicklybecamefamousinBritainwithnationwidetours.披頭士樂(lè)隊(duì)在得到在BBC現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演出的邀請(qǐng)后，很快在英國(guó)的全國(guó)巡演中成名。?Igladlyacceptedtheirinvitationtotheopeningceremony.我愉快地接受了他們開(kāi)幕式的邀請(qǐng)。?SheinvitedmetospendtwoweeksinGerman.她邀請(qǐng)我在德國(guó)待兩周。?We'reinvitedtoLola'sparty.我們受邀參加洛拉的聚會(huì)。?Afterhisspeechheinvitedquestionsandmentsfromtheaudience.他演講后請(qǐng)聽(tīng)眾提問(wèn)題和意見(jiàn)。?Aninvitingsmellofcoffeewaftedintotheroom.一股誘人的咖啡香氣飄進(jìn)了房間。佳句欣賞：①Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.當(dāng)他完美地結(jié)束演講時(shí)，惠利請(qǐng)全班同學(xué)一起表?yè)P(yáng)他。②Peopletendtotakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshandinviting.人們往往為他們街上的一切都保持新鮮和吸引人而感到自豪。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①TheycametoWashington________theinvitationofthePresident.②Shortlyafterwards,hereceived________invitationtospeakatascientificconference.③Theywerealwaysdroppingby,usuallywithout________(invite)．④They'veinvitedus________theircountrycottagefortheweekend.⑤Thereisan________(invite)smileonherface.⑥Candidateswhoaresuccessfulinthewrittentestwillbeinvitingforaninterview.________________⑦Thenewspaperinvitedreaderstowritingtheirviews.________________2．organisevt.組織，籌劃；安排(活動(dòng))(教材P18)ImagineyouaregoingtoorganiseanEnglishDramapetitioninyourschooloranEnglishPoemRecitationinyourclass.想象一下你要在學(xué)校組織一場(chǎng)英語(yǔ)戲劇比賽，或者在班上組織一場(chǎng)英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌朗誦會(huì)。(1)organiseameeting/adiscussion組織會(huì)議/討論會(huì)organiseone'sthoughts整理思路organisetimetodo/forsth.安排時(shí)間做某事organisesb.todo...組織某人做……(2)organisationn.[C]組織；團(tuán)體；機(jī)構(gòu)[U]組織工作；結(jié)構(gòu)；體制；配置(3)organisern.組織者(4)organisedadj.有組織的；有條理的?It'sanorganisationthatoffersfreelegaladvicetopeopleonlowines.這是一個(gè)為低收入人群提供免費(fèi)法律咨詢的機(jī)構(gòu)。?Heisbusywiththeorganisationofanewreadingclub.他正忙于籌備一個(gè)新的讀書俱樂(lè)部。?She'snotaveryorganisedpersonandshealwaysarriveslateatmeetings.她不是個(gè)有條不紊的人，開(kāi)會(huì)總是遲到。佳句欣賞：Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.這位不情愿(做志愿者)的家長(zhǎng)安排用餐時(shí)間、發(fā)郵件，并為季末禮物籌款。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Heisthepresidentofalargeinternational________(organise)．②Isn'tittimeyoustartedtoget________(organise)?③誰(shuí)來(lái)組織今年的聚會(huì)？Who'sgoingto________________________thisyear?④把思緒整理清楚再說(shuō)話。________________________beforeyoubegintospeak.3petitorn．選手，參賽者(教材P18)petitorsshouldbejudgedontheirpronunciation,clarityandfluency,andalsoprogressionofideasandaudienceengagement.應(yīng)該根據(jù)他們的發(fā)音、清晰度和流利程度，以及思想的發(fā)展變化和觀眾的參與度來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)參賽者。(1)petev.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)petewith/against與……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)peteforsth.爭(zhēng)奪某物petein在……方面競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(2)petitionn.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；比賽inpetitionwith與……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(3)petitiveadj.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的；有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的?Wecan'tpetewiththemonprice.我們?cè)趦r(jià)格上無(wú)法與他們競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。?Smallshopscannotpeteinpriceswiththebigones.小店是無(wú)法在價(jià)格上跟大公司進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的。?Runnersfrommanycountriesarepetingfortheinternationalprize.來(lái)自許多國(guó)家的賽跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員正在為獲得這項(xiàng)國(guó)際獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。佳句欣賞：Thefirstprizewasawardedtotheyoungestpetitor.一等獎(jiǎng)被頒發(fā)給了最年輕的參賽者。Thepetitorjoinedinthepetitiontopetewithotherpetitorsin1000meterrace.這位參賽選手參加這場(chǎng)比賽去與其他選手競(jìng)爭(zhēng)1000米賽跑。[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①來(lái)自世界各地的一萬(wàn)多名參賽選手來(lái)到北京，為了獎(jiǎng)牌在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的比賽中相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。Morethan10,000________fromtheworldcametoBeijingto________witheachotherinthe________gamesformedals.②盡管他們是好朋友，但是他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)方面互相競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。Thoughtheyaregoodfriends,they________________eachotherinstudy.③幾家公司正在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)那份合同。Severalpaniesare________________thegressionn．變化，發(fā)展Drugscanslowdowntheprogressionofthedisease.藥物能減緩疾病的惡化。progressn.[U]進(jìn)步；進(jìn)展v.進(jìn)步；進(jìn)展makeprogress取得進(jìn)步inprogress在進(jìn)行中?TomismakingprogressinEnglishlittlebylittle.湯姆在英語(yǔ)方面逐漸取得進(jìn)步。?I'mafraidwearenotmakingmuchprogress.恐怕我們進(jìn)步不大。?ThewarinAfricaisstillinprogress.非洲的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)仍在進(jìn)行。?Themovementhasbeeninprogressforseveralyears.那場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了好幾年了。特別提醒：progress是不可數(shù)名詞，無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式，也沒(méi)有抽象名詞具體化的用法，所以它前面不可加不定冠詞。有類似用法的不可數(shù)名詞還有advice,fun,information,furniture,equipment,luggage/baggage(行李)等。[即學(xué)即練]根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用含progress的短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全句子/單句改錯(cuò)①Thesearchforthemissingchildisstill________________(在進(jìn)行)．②Thefootballmatchis________________(在進(jìn)行),sotheresultisnotavailablenow.③Firefighterssaythey________________(已經(jīng)取得快速的進(jìn)展)towardsputtingoutthebigfire.④________________(沒(méi)有取得進(jìn)展)inthetradetalkasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionsoftheother.⑤Ifyouworkhard,youwillmakeagreatprogress.________________5.engagementn．參與；約定；訂婚Theirengagementwasannouncedinthelocalpaper.他們訂婚的消息已在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上公布。(1)gotosb.'sengagementparty去參加某人訂婚宴會(huì)haveanengagementwithsb./appointmentwithsb.與某人有預(yù)約(2)engagev.參加；吸引；雇用engageinsth.參加engagesb.tosb.else把某人許給另一人/使某人與另一人訂婚engagesb.tobehereat6：00約某人6點(diǎn)鐘到這兒engagesb.insth.(使)從事，參加engagewithsb./sth.與某人/某物建立密切關(guān)系?Evidenceindicatesthatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.有證據(jù)表明音樂(lè)活動(dòng)能調(diào)動(dòng)大腦的各個(gè)部分。?Itisamoviethatengagesboththemindandtheeye.這是一部令人賞心悅目的影片。?Only10%ofAmericanadultsengageinregularexercise.在美國(guó)，只有10%的成年人定期鍛煉。?Shetrieddesperatelytoengagehiminconversation.她用盡辦法要跟他談話。聯(lián)想拓展：engagedadj.忙于；從事于；已訂婚的beengagedinsth.忙于某事beengagedtosb.跟某人訂婚①I'mengagedthisafternoon.我今天下午有事。②Iwastotallyengagedinmystudyandseldompaidattentiontomymother'sfeelings.我完全投入到學(xué)習(xí)中，很少關(guān)注母親的感受。③HewasengagedtoherwhenworkinginBeijing.他是在北京工作時(shí)和她訂婚的。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Eveninprison,hecontinuedtoengage________criminalactivities.②Shehasbrokenoffher________(engage)toCharles.③Theyare________(engage)intalkswiththegovernment.④Thecouplegot________(engage)onChristmasDay2013afterdatingformorethantwoyears.⑤Thewomanwhoisengaged________mybrotherisverypretty.6.behaviourn.[U]舉止；行為(1)behavewell/badly舉止有/沒(méi)禮貌behaveoneself守規(guī)矩；表現(xiàn)得體(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(well-behavedadj.表現(xiàn)好的,比較級(jí)：better-behaved,badly-behavedadj.表現(xiàn)差的,比較級(jí)：worse-behaved))(3)mindone'sbehaviour注意某人的舉止詞語(yǔ)辨析：act一般指具體的、短暫的或個(gè)別的行為，強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的完成及其效果behaviour一個(gè)人的行為舉止[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Ifparentsdonotteachtheirchildhowtobehave________(he),hewilldoanythingatwill.②Ithinkallofusshouldmindour________(behave)inpublicplaces.③Theybehavedbadly________theguests,whichmadeusdisappointed.④Theparentsaskedthechildrento________________(舉止禮貌)infrontoftheguests.7.principlen.[C，U]原則；行為準(zhǔn)則inprinciple原則上；大體上，基本上onprinciple依據(jù)自己的(道德)原則或信條佳句欣賞：(1)It'seasytohaveprincipleswhenyou'rerich.Theimportantthingistohaveprincipleswhenyou'repoor.當(dāng)你有錢時(shí)遵守原則是容易的，重要的是你窮困時(shí)遵守原則。(2)ItisaprincipleofminetohelppeoplewhenIcan.我的一個(gè)原則是在我能夠幫助人的時(shí)候幫助人。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theyhaveacceptedtheidea________principle.②Manypeopleareopposedtothesaleofarms________principle.8．contrastn．差異，差別vt.形成對(duì)比contrastAwithB把A與B作對(duì)比或?qū)φ読ncontrastto和……對(duì)比[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①他的白頭發(fā)與黑皮膚形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。Hiswhitehairwas________________hisdarkskin.②她的行動(dòng)與她的諾言相差甚遠(yuǎn)。Heractions________________herpromises.?第二版塊：重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.takeup占用(時(shí)間)；占據(jù)(空間)；對(duì)某事產(chǎn)生興趣；開(kāi)始從事(教材P18)Wewouldnottakeuptoomuchofyourtime.我們不會(huì)占用你太多時(shí)間。takeback收回；退回takedown拿下；取下；記錄；寫下takein收留；吸入；理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)；欺騙takeoff脫下(衣服)；摘掉；(飛機(jī)等)起飛；突然開(kāi)始成功；休假；休息?IknowhowbusyyouareandIwouldn'twanttotakeuptoomuchofyourtime.我知道你有多忙，并且我不想占用你太多時(shí)間。?Hetookpaintingupforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.他有段時(shí)間喜歡上了繪畫，但很快就沒(méi)了興趣。?CanItakebacksomethingI'veposted？我可以撤回我已經(jīng)寄出的東西嗎？?CanIjusttakesomedetailsdown？我記一些細(xì)節(jié)，好嗎？?Don'tbetakeninbyproductsclaimingtohelpyouloseweightinaweek.不要相信那些聲稱能讓你在一周內(nèi)就減肥的產(chǎn)品。?Wearetakingoffnow.Pleasefastenyoursafetybelt.我們馬上就要起飛了。請(qǐng)系好您的安全帶。?Hiscareerhastakenoff.他的事業(yè)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始騰飛。佳句欣賞：Theformersprintersayshewantstoinspireotherstotakeupwintersports.這位前短跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員說(shuō)他想鼓勵(lì)別人參加冬季運(yùn)動(dòng)。知識(shí)聯(lián)想：take...as把……當(dāng)作……take...for...把……(誤)當(dāng)作……take...tobe...把……當(dāng)作……takeapart拆開(kāi)takeit/thingseasy別緊張，別著急，慢慢來(lái)takeout取出，拿出takeover接收，接管taketo(不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))開(kāi)始從事；喜歡上；養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣takeyourtime慢慢來(lái)，別著急[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Youneedabreak.Whynottakeafortnight________fromwork?②Peterwilltake________hispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.③Don'tbetaken________byhisstory;heisaliar.④ItwasseveralminutesbeforeIcouldtake________whathewassaying.⑤Agooddealoftimeistaken________withdrivingthechildrentopianoclasses.2.onbehalfof代表(或代替)某人；為了(某人)；為幫助(某人)(教材P18)Iamwritingonbehalfoftheschool'sStudentUnion.我代表校學(xué)生會(huì)寫這封信。?OnbehalfofmypanyIwouldliketothankyouall.我謹(jǐn)代表我的公司向大家表示感謝。?Weareverygladtoputonaperformancehereonbehalfofourschool.我們很高興代表我們學(xué)校在這里演出。?Shegaveaconcertonbehalfofacharity.她為幫助一個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)舉辦了一場(chǎng)演奏會(huì)。?Theycampaignedonbehalfofthevictimsofthewar.他們?yōu)檫@場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的受害者發(fā)起了運(yùn)動(dòng)。佳句欣賞：(1)Thepresidentcan'tbeheretoday,soI'mgoingtospeakonbehalfofhim.總裁今天不能來(lái)了，所以我將代表他發(fā)言。(2)Iwroteseverallettersonhisbehalf.我代表他寫了好幾封信。[即學(xué)即練]單句寫作①我代表這里的每個(gè)人祝你旅途愉快。________________________________________________________________________②我很榮幸代表我校全體學(xué)生在這里作演講。________________________________________________________________________3.conformto遵守conformwith/to(使)符合；服從，遵從遵守類歸納：observethecustoms遵守風(fēng)俗o(hù)bservethediscipline遵守紀(jì)律observesb.'sinstructions聽(tīng)從某人指示observethelaw遵守法律observetherules遵守規(guī)章[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①多數(shù)人愿意遵從社會(huì)習(xí)俗。Mostpeoplewillingly________________thecustomsofsociety.②這座建筑物不符合安全條例。Thebuildingdoesnot________________safetyregulations.4.giveinto屈服，讓步giveaway分發(fā)；贈(zèng)送；泄露giveback歸還；使恢復(fù)giveoff發(fā)出(光、熱、氣味等)giveout分發(fā)；(食物、燃料、電力等)用完，耗盡；發(fā)出(熱、光等)giveup放棄；停止givewayto讓路不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化形式：A→B→C類動(dòng)詞give→gave→givenforgive→forgave→forgivendrive→drove→drivenrise→rose→risenarise→arose→arisenride→rode→riddenwrite→wrote→writtenspeak→spoke→spokenwake→woke→wokenchoose→chose→chosenknow→knew→knownlie→lay→laindrink→drank→drunkeat→ate→eatenfall→fell→fallenbreak→broke→brokenblow→blew→blown[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①HenaggedmesomuchforanewbikethateventuallyIgave________.②Shethinksnooneknowshowmuchshelikeshim,butherfacewhenIsaidhe'dbetherereallygaveher________?、跘ttheendoftheracehislegsgave________andhecollapsedontheground.④Itisn'tmine;Imustgiveit________totheowner.⑤Themarketwasfullofsaltedfish,giving________theworstsmell.⑥Shegave________herjobtolookafterhersickmother.⑦IfIgivein________myfear,I'lllivealifeofregret.?第三版塊：典型句式1.sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句(教材P18)WouldyouhavetimetoattendashortmeetingattheStudentUnionRoomat4pmon8Maysothatwecanintroduceyoutotheotherjudgesanddiscussthedetails？5月8日下午4時(shí)，您是否有時(shí)間在學(xué)生會(huì)會(huì)議室參加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的會(huì)議，以便我們向其他評(píng)委介紹您并討論細(xì)節(jié)？sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“為了；目的是；以便”，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的目的，其引導(dǎo)的從句一般位于主句后，從句中的謂語(yǔ)常含有may/might,can/could,will/would,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；inorderthat與之含義相同，多用于正式文體，其引導(dǎo)的從句可放在主句前面或后面。?Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.你必須更大聲一點(diǎn)，以便大家都可以聽(tīng)到你(的聲音)。?Cathyhadquittedherjobbeforehersonwasbornsothatshecouldstayhomeandraiseherfamily.凱茜在她兒子出生前就已辭去了工作，這樣她就能夠待在家里撫養(yǎng)孩子了。特別提醒：sothat也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的結(jié)果。注意區(qū)分以下兩句話：IhadtakenanearlybussothatIgotthereintime.我乘了早班公共汽車，因此及時(shí)趕到了那里。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)I'mgoingtotakeanearlybussothatIcangetthereintime.我打算乘坐早班公共汽車，以便及時(shí)趕到那里。(目的狀語(yǔ)從句)[即學(xué)即練]完成句子/指出下列句子中sothat引導(dǎo)的從句類型①Hestudiedhard________________(為了)hecouldpasstheexam.②I'lltakesomesuncreamwithme________________(以便)thesunwon'tburnme.③IalwayswritecarefullysothatImaymakemymeaningclear.________________④IalwayswritecarefullysothatImakemymeaningclear.________________⑤Weallarrivedateightsothatthemeetingbeganontime.________________⑥We'lleateightsothatthemeetingcanbeginearly.________________2.形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)(教材P20)Agentleman,marriedfor25years,islongingtohearhiswifesay“thankyou”，butwon'task.一位結(jié)婚25年的先生渴望聽(tīng)到妻子說(shuō)“謝謝”，卻不愿開(kāi)口(說(shuō)出他的期望)。英語(yǔ)中，形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)可以位于被修飾詞之后。?Thebasketfulloffruitsbelongstothebeautifulgirl.裝滿水果的這個(gè)籃子是這個(gè)漂亮女孩的。?Ithinkheisamansuitableforthejob.我認(rèn)為他是適合做這項(xiàng)工作的人。單個(gè)形容詞修飾不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anyone,anything,nobody,nothing等時(shí)，要放在不定代詞后。Anyoneintelligentcandoit.任何聰明人都能做這件事。Thereisnothing(seriously)wrongwiththemachine.這臺(tái)機(jī)器沒(méi)什么(大)毛病。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Iwanttobuysomethingvery________(interest)．②Heisoneofthestudents________(worry)abouttheexams.③Weneedaplacetwice________(large)thanthisone.④Thisisn'tanything________(importance)．?第四版塊：寫作專題——邀請(qǐng)信[素材儲(chǔ)備]1．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)邀請(qǐng)信是人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ?、社?huì)生活和外事活動(dòng)中經(jīng)常使用的一種應(yīng)用文體，其特點(diǎn)是簡(jiǎn)短、熱情，給人以真誠(chéng)、親切的感覺(jué)。邀請(qǐng)信一般包括以下內(nèi)容：(1)開(kāi)頭一般開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，直接說(shuō)明用意，禮貌而友好地發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)。(2)正文部分通常包括活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容(是晚會(huì)、晚餐還是一般的聚會(huì))、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，有時(shí)也可以告訴對(duì)方邀請(qǐng)的人員等。(3)結(jié)尾表示感謝，希望對(duì)方回復(fù)或希望對(duì)方按時(shí)到達(dá)。2．常用表達(dá)①Iamwritingtoinviteyouto...我寫信是想邀請(qǐng)你……②Iwonderifyoucane...我想知道你是否能來(lái)……③Itismypleasuretoinviteyouto...我非常榮幸邀請(qǐng)你來(lái)……④MyfamilyandIwouldfeelmuchhonouredifyoucoulde.如果你能來(lái)，我的家人和我都將感到不勝榮幸。⑤I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyou.我很期待見(jiàn)到你。⑥Wearelongingtohearfromyou.我們期待收到你的來(lái)信。⑦Wearelookingforwardtoyouringwithgreatpleasure.我們高興地期待著你的到來(lái)。⑧Ihopeyou'renottoobusytoe.我盼望您在百忙之中光臨。⑨Pleaseconfirmyourparticipationatyourearliestconvenience.是否參加，請(qǐng)?jiān)缛崭嬷?。⑩Besuretoehereontime.請(qǐng)確保按時(shí)到達(dá)。3．寫作模板Dear________，Howiseverythinggoingwithyou?Iamwritingtotellyouthattherewillbea________(內(nèi)容)at/in________(地點(diǎn))on________(時(shí)間).Wewouldbehonoured/delightedtohaveyoutherewithus.AsIknow,youareinterestedin(fondof/crazyabout)________(內(nèi)容).Atthe________(內(nèi)容),youwillenjoy/see...Besides/Inadditiontodoingsth,youcanalsorelaxyourself/broadenyourhorizons/enrichyourlife.Iamsure/dobelieveyouwillhaveagreattime/enjoyyourself.Ihopethatyouwillacceptmyinvitationifit'sconvenientforyou.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.[模擬演練]假定你是李華，你校將舉辦外國(guó)學(xué)生中文演講比賽，請(qǐng)給你的英國(guó)朋友George寫封郵件邀請(qǐng)他參加。內(nèi)容包括：1．比賽時(shí)間；2．演講話題；3．報(bào)名方式。注意：1．詞數(shù)80左右；2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________請(qǐng)總結(jié)你學(xué)到的有用表達(dá)：[高級(jí)詞匯]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[高級(jí)句式]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[詞語(yǔ)積累]①peerpressure同輩壓力peer/p??(r)/n.[C]身份(或地位)相同的人，同齡人，同輩②belongto屬于；是……的成員Someofthestampsbelongtome;therestaremybrothers'.這些郵票中有些是我的，其余的是我兄弟的。MikebelongstotheEnglishclub.邁克是英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部的成員。③conformto順從/遵從……；與……相一致conform/k?n'f??m/vi.順從，順應(yīng)(大多數(shù)人或社會(huì))；遵從；相一致，相吻合④adoptvt.采用(某方法)，采取(某態(tài)度)；vt.&vi.收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)⑤fitin(withsb./sth.)(與……)合得來(lái)；適應(yīng)Iwasn'tsureifshewouldfitinwithmyfriends.我不確定她是否與我的朋友合得來(lái)。Thenewbuildingmustfitinwithitssurroundings.這座新建筑物必須與其周圍的環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)。⑥r(nóng)esist/r?'z?st/vt.&vi.反抗，抵抗；抵制；忍住resistdoingsth.抵制做某事⑦approval/?'pru?vl/n.[U]贊成，同意；[U，C]批準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)approve/?'pru?v/vi.贊成，同意；vt.批準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)approveof...贊成，同意⑧goalongwithsth.贊成/遵從某事⑨bully/'b?li/vt.恐嚇，傷害，脅迫n．[C]仗勢(shì)欺人者，橫行霸道者⑩defend/d?'fend/vt.&vi.防御，保護(hù)；vt.辯白?rolemodel楷模，行為榜樣?deepdown在內(nèi)心深處；在心底Deepdownsheknewshewaswrong.她心底知道自己錯(cuò)了。PEERPRESSUREWhatispeerpressure①andwhydoesithappen?Weallwanttobepartofagroupandfeellikewebelongto②ourmunity.Peerpressurecanhappenwhenweareinfluencedtodosomethingthatwewouldnotusuallydobecausewewanttobeacceptedbyourpeers【1】.Childrenandyoungadultsespeciallyfeelsocialpressuretoconformto③thepeergroup.【1】本句為復(fù)合句。when...peers為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞something,because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Howdoespeerpressureaffectpeople?Peerpressurecaninfluencehowpeopledress,howtheytalk,whatmusictheylistento,whatattitudestheyadopt④andhowtheybehave.Teenagerswanttobeliked,tofitin⑤andtobeaccepted,whichmeanspeerpressurecanbepowerfulandhardtoresist⑥.Peoplewhoarelowinconfidenceandunsureofthemselvesmaybemorelikelytoseektheirpeers'approval⑦bygoingalongwith⑧riskysuggestionsorchoosingthe“wrong”path.Inonestudy,astudentwhoknewthecorrectanswertoaquestionactuallygavethewronganswerbecausealltheothersintheclassgavethewronganswerandhedidn'twanttobedifferent【2】．【2】本句為主從復(fù)合句，主干為astudentgavethewronganswer。who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞student,because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Canpeerpressureleadtobullying⑨？Peerpressuredefinitelyplaysaroleinbullying.Ifateenagerisseenasweakordifferentbythemajorityoftheirpeers,theycanbeeatargetforbullies.Bulliespickeasytargets—peoplewhoareoutsidethepeergroupandwhomthegroupisunlikelytodefend⑩.Unfortunately,somebulliesarepopularandmayevenleadthepeergroup,whichmeansothersarelesslikelytochallengetheirbehaviour.Whatcanstudentsdotoavoidpeerpressure?Themostimportantthingistobuildupself-confidence,sothatitiseasiertosay“no”tothepeergroup.Studentscandothisbychoosingtheirfriendswisely:It'sagoodideaforteenstosurroundthemselveswithpositiverolemodels?—peoplewhodon'tmakefunofthem,butacceptthemandareconfidentthemselves.It'salsoimportantforyoungpeopletothinkabouttheconsequencesoftheiractions.Iftheygiveintopeerpressure(andperhapsdosomethingthattheyknowdeepdown?iswrong),whatcouldbetheresult?Iftheystopandthinkabouttheconsequences,theymightmakeadifferentdecision.什么是同輩壓力？它的成因是什么？我們都想成為集體的一部分，想要獲得歸屬感。當(dāng)我們因?yàn)橄胍煌吔蛹{而受他人影響去做一些通常不會(huì)做的事情時(shí)，同輩壓力就產(chǎn)生了。為了順應(yīng)同輩集體，兒童和年輕人尤其會(huì)感受到社交壓力。同輩壓力是如何影響人的呢？同輩壓力會(huì)影響人們?nèi)绾未┲⑷绾谓徽?、?tīng)什么樣的音樂(lè)、采取何種態(tài)度以及如何行事。青少年想要被人喜歡，想要融入和被接納，這意味著同輩壓力會(huì)很強(qiáng)大，難以抗拒。信心不足、缺乏自信的人可能更容易接受不可靠的建議，或選擇“錯(cuò)誤”的道路，從而尋求同輩人的認(rèn)可。一項(xiàng)研究中，一個(gè)知道問(wèn)題正確答案的學(xué)生竟然給出了錯(cuò)誤答案，因?yàn)榘嗌掀渌腥硕冀o出了錯(cuò)誤答案，他不想顯得與眾不同。同輩壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致霸凌現(xiàn)象嗎？同輩壓力必然是霸凌的成因之一。如果一個(gè)青少年被大多數(shù)同輩人視為軟弱，或是與眾不同，就可能成為霸凌的對(duì)象。橫行霸道者選擇容易攻擊的對(duì)象——被同輩群體排除在外的、同輩群體不太可能去保護(hù)的人。遺憾的是，一些霸凌者很受歡迎，甚至可能是同輩群體的領(lǐng)袖，這意味著其他人不太可能會(huì)質(zhì)疑他們的行為。學(xué)生可以做些什么來(lái)避免同輩壓力呢？最重要的是建立自信，這樣就更容易對(duì)同輩群體說(shuō)“不”。學(xué)生們可以通過(guò)明智地?fù)裼褋?lái)做到這一點(diǎn)：青少年結(jié)交積極的榜樣是個(gè)好辦法——這些人不會(huì)取笑他們而是會(huì)接受他們，并且這些人很自信。對(duì)年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，考慮自己行為的后果也很重要。如果他們屈服于同輩壓力(可能去做他們深知是錯(cuò)誤的事情)，結(jié)果將會(huì)如何？他們?nèi)绻Ｏ聛?lái)考慮后果，可能會(huì)做出不同的決定。[詞語(yǔ)積累]①sharedpersonalityqualities共同的性格特質(zhì)sharedvalues共同的價(jià)值觀②extrovert/'ekstr?v??t/n.[C]性格外向者，活潑自信的人【反義】introvert/'?ntr?v??t/n.[C]內(nèi)向的人，不喜歡與人交往的人③psychiatrist/sa?'ka??tr?st/n.[C]精神病學(xué)家，精神科醫(yī)生④talkative/'t??k?t?v/adj.健談的，愛(ài)多說(shuō)話的⑤arangeof一系列⑥tendtodosth.往往會(huì)做某事，易于做某事ItendtoseepicturesinmymindwhenIamreadingorlistening.在讀或聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，我往往會(huì)在頭腦中形成畫面。⑦unmotivated/??n'm??t?ve?t?d/adj.不感興趣的，缺乏動(dòng)力的motivatevt.激勵(lì)，激發(fā)；成為……的動(dòng)機(jī)motivation/?m??t?'ve???n/n.[C]動(dòng)力⑧incontrastto與……相比Incontrasttohisbrother,Bushhaslittleappetiteforforeigntravel.與他哥哥相比，布什對(duì)出國(guó)旅行沒(méi)什么興趣。EXTROVERTSANDINTROVERTSEveryonehasadifferentpersonality.Itiswhatmakespeopleindividualandunique.However,therearesomesharedpersonalityqualities①whichletustalkaboutpersonality“types”.Oneofthemostbasicpersonalitydifferencesisbetweenextroverts②andintroverts.Thesetermsareusedinmanytheoriesaboutpersonalitytypes.TheyweremadepopularbytheimportantSwisspsychiatrist③CarlJung(1875－1961),althoughhedidnotinventthem.Extroversionandintroversionarewaysofdescribingaperson'sattitudetowardstheworld:Dotheymovetowardsitorawayfromit?Extrovertsarepeoplewholookoutwards.Theyarefriendly,sociable,talkative④，enthusiasticandself-confident.Theyareinterestedinarangeof⑤experiencesandenjoyspendingtimewithotherpeople.Theytendto⑥actfirst,thenthinklater.Whenextrovertsfeelbad,unmotivated⑦orwithoutenergy,theylookoutsidethemselves.Thismeanstheymightgoshopping,callfriendsorhaveaparty.Typicalextrovertjobsareinpolitics,sales,teachingandmanagement.Introverts,ontheotherhand,lookinwards.Theyfeelmorefortablealoneandenjoyideasandthinking.Theyarereserved,quiet,thoughtfulandmaybeshy.Theyliketothinkandconsiderbeforetakingaction,andwilloftenanalysebeforespeaking.Incontrastto⑧extroverts,theyvaluefewer,butdeeperexperiences.Whenfeelingbadorstressed,introvertslookinsidethemselvesforenergyandmotivation.Introvertsoftenworkasartists,writers,engineersandinventors.Althoughpersonalitytypesaredifferent,mostpeoplehavebothextrovertandintrovertcharacteristicsintheirpersonality,butoftentheyaremoreonetypethantheother.Therehasbeensomeinterestingresearchintowhypeoplearebasicallyextrovertsorintroverts.Somepeoplesaythatextrovertsandintrovertsarebornnotmade.Othersbelievethattheenvironmentismoreimportantinshapingone'spersonality.Attitudestowardsintrovertsandextrovertsvaryindifferentcultures.Forexample,Americansvalueextrovertqualities.However,culturessuchasthoseincentralEuropeandsoutheastAsiaregardintrovertcharacteristicsmorehighly.Interestingly,researchshowsthatpeoplewholiveonislandstendtobemoreintroverted.Studieshavealsofoundthatextrovertshavehigherhappinesslevelsthanintroverts.每個(gè)人都有不同的性格。正是性格讓人們與眾不同、獨(dú)一無(wú)二。然而，一些共同的性格特質(zhì)讓我們可以討論性格“類型”。最基本的性格差異之一是外向者和內(nèi)向者之間的差異。這些術(shù)語(yǔ)被用在許多關(guān)于性格類型的理論里。著名瑞士精神病學(xué)家卡爾·榮格(1875－1961)使這些術(shù)語(yǔ)為人所知，盡管這些術(shù)語(yǔ)并不是他發(fā)明的。外向和內(nèi)向是描述一個(gè)人對(duì)待世界的態(tài)度的方式：是擁抱它還是疏遠(yuǎn)它？外向型的人是向外看的人。他們友善、愛(ài)交際、健談、熱情且自信。他們對(duì)各種體驗(yàn)都感興趣，喜歡與他人共度時(shí)光。他們傾向于先行動(dòng)，后思考。外向型的人感到不適、沒(méi)有動(dòng)力或沒(méi)有干勁時(shí)，他們會(huì)從自我的外部尋求解決辦法。這意味著他們可能會(huì)去購(gòu)物、給朋友打或搞聚會(huì)。典型的外向型工作涉及政治事務(wù)、銷售、教學(xué)和管理。從另一方面來(lái)說(shuō)，內(nèi)向者向內(nèi)探求。他們覺(jué)得獨(dú)處更舒服，喜歡思考。他們矜持、安靜、體貼，可能比較靦腆。他們喜歡先思而后行，并且經(jīng)常會(huì)在發(fā)言之前進(jìn)行分析。與外向者相反，他們重視數(shù)量雖少卻更深刻的體驗(yàn)。感覺(jué)不適或有壓力時(shí)，內(nèi)向者會(huì)向自己內(nèi)部尋求能量和動(dòng)力。內(nèi)向者經(jīng)常從事藝術(shù)家、作家、工程師和發(fā)明家的工作。盡管性格類型不同，但大多數(shù)人在性格上都同時(shí)具有外向者和內(nèi)向者的特征，但通常其中一種的特征比另一種明顯。人們進(jìn)行了一些有趣的研究，探索為什么大體上人有外向者和內(nèi)向者之分。有些人認(rèn)為外向者和內(nèi)向者是天生的而不是后天形成的，其他人則認(rèn)為環(huán)境對(duì)于一個(gè)人的性格塑造更為重要。人們對(duì)內(nèi)向者和外向者的態(tài)度在不同文化中有所不同。例如，美國(guó)人重視外向者的品質(zhì)。而中歐、東南亞的文化則更欣賞內(nèi)向者的性格。有趣的是，研究表明，住在島上的人往往更內(nèi)向。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，外向者比內(nèi)向者的幸福指數(shù)更高。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．OnlastDecember5thourclasso________anactivitytocelebratetheInternationalVolunteerDay.2．Yourrelevantknowledgegainedintheworkplacecanhelpbeatotherc________.3．Ourschoolisscheduledtoholdamusicfestivalnextweekend,soI'mwritings________toinviteyoutothisevent.4．Aftertheyweregivenan________(邀請(qǐng))toappearliveonBBC,theBeatlesquicklybecamefamousinBritainwithnationwidetours.5．Thestudentsarelongingforanotherchancetoexplorethe________(話題)withthelecturer.6．Technological________(創(chuàng)新),binedwithgoodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.7．Mostteachersfindthatstudents'active________(參與)isthekeytomakingteachingandlearningmoreenjoyable.8．His________(流暢)inEnglishgiveshimanadvantageovertheothercandidatesforthejob.Ⅱ.完成句子1．盡管學(xué)業(yè)占用了海倫一天中的大部分時(shí)間，她還總是幫助媽媽做家務(wù)。Helenalwayshelpshermotherwiththehouseholdchoreseventhough________________.2．這對(duì)雙胞胎代表所有村民給為他們打井的工人們送上花。________________，thetwinssentflowerstotheworkerswhobuiltthemthewell.Ⅲ.短文語(yǔ)法填空Peopleareuniquebecausetheyhaveadifferentpersonality.Two1.________(share)personalityqualitiesamongpeopleareextrovertsandintroverts,which2.________(use)todescribeaperson'sattitudetowardstheworld.Extroverts,whoare3.________(friend),sociable,talkative,enthusiasticandself-confident,movetowardstheworld.Preferringtospendtimewithpeopleandexperiencevarious4.________(activity),theyusuallyactwithoutthinkinginadvance.Theytend5.________(do)thingswithotherswhentheyfeelbadorinlowspirits.Extrovertsares