2024屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：語法填空-有提示詞（動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)）講義素材

專題一語法填空—有提示詞（動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)）第一節(jié)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)真

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溯情境填空在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1.(2023全國甲卷)Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill

(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.【解析】beemployed考查動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。句意：卡森證明了一種世代流傳下來的簡單的文學(xué)形式在今天仍然可以用來引起人們對(duì)重要真理的關(guān)注。從句主語asimpleliteraryform與employ之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；且情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后接動(dòng)詞原形。故填beemployed。2.(2023全國乙卷)Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I

____________

(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.【解析】wasamazed考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在過去的10年里，我參觀過幾次，我驚訝于這里的新舊共存以及一個(gè)城市如何能夠在不斷發(fā)展的同時(shí)保留如此豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)。根據(jù)下文中wasableto可知，用一般過去時(shí)；根據(jù)介詞by可知，主語I和動(dòng)詞amaze之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填wasamazed。3.(2023全國乙卷)Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,

(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.【解析】means考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這座城市的顯著發(fā)展，它有意識(shí)地保護(hù)過去的同時(shí)步入現(xiàn)代世界，意味著這里總是有新的東西可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，我可以拍攝未來50年的北京。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，此處陳述的是現(xiàn)在的情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且此處的主語中心詞是development，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填means。4.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)Asalittlegirl,I

(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.【解析】wished考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)下文的grew可知，用一般過去時(shí)。故填wished。5.(2022全國甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao

(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents.【解析】haswalked考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Inthelastfiveyears可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語Cao為第三人稱單數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用has。故填haswalked。6.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat

(be)previouslyunprotected.【解析】were考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)previously可知，用一般過去時(shí)；且從句主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were。7.(2022新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry

(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.【解析】wasfixing考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：亨利正在修車時(shí)，突然聽到了尖叫聲。bedoingsth.when...表示“正在做某事，這時(shí)(突然)……”。再根據(jù)heard可知，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；且主語Henry為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填wasfixing。8.(2022新高考Ⅱ卷)Hequickly

(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.【解析】threw考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一邊，甩開膀子跑了起來。根據(jù)后面的andstarted可知，用一般過去時(shí)。故填threw。9.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit

(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.【解析】was考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：你不禁會(huì)想，對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的人們來說，把這些石頭放在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢蒙嫌卸嚯y。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語

then

可知用一般過去時(shí)；且主語為it。故填was。10.(2021全國甲卷)TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It

(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangDynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù))．【解析】wasbuilt考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：它最初是在唐代為保護(hù)這座城市而建的，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)。句子主語It與動(dòng)詞build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；且城墻是在過去修建的，要用一般過去時(shí)。故填wasbuilt。11.(2020新高考Ⅰ卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,

(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.【解析】formed考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：例如，漢斯·斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心收藏。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in1759可知，用一般過去時(shí)，故填formed。12.(2020新高考Ⅰ卷)Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic

(call)galleriesorrooms.【解析】arecalled考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：博物館對(duì)公眾開放的部分被稱為畫廊或展廳。此處描述的是客觀事實(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；且主語與call之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語中心詞parts是復(fù)數(shù)。故填arecalled。13.(2020全國Ⅰ卷)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists，”

CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,

“becauseit

(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon

(construct)．”【解析】means;isconstructed考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：布朗大學(xué)的一位科學(xué)家CarlePieters說，“這真的使科學(xué)家們激動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗馕吨覀冇袡C(jī)會(huì)獲得有關(guān)月球構(gòu)造的信息?！?/p>

第一空：根據(jù)上文的Thisreallyexcitesscientists可知，此處也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；且主語是it，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填means。第二空：此處主語themoon與動(dòng)詞construct之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；再根據(jù)上下文可知，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；且主語themoon是單數(shù)，故填isconstructed。14.(2020全國Ⅲ卷)Theartistwassurehewould

(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.【解析】bechosen考查動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。主語he與動(dòng)詞choose之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；且would后接動(dòng)詞原形。故填bechosen。15.(2019全國Ⅱ卷)Irenesaid,

“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI

(make)overtheyears.”【解析】havemade考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語overtheyears可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填havemade。重

難

突

破一、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是高考語法填空中的必考點(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)1一般時(shí)★★★★★1.

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)

表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語，如usually,often,always,sometimes,everyday等連用。Ileavehomeforschoolat6：30everymorning.每天早上我六點(diǎn)半離開家去上學(xué)。(2)

表示客觀事實(shí)、真理、格言或警句等。ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中國東部。(3)

表示按照時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃安排或規(guī)定，只限于go,come,leave,start,stop,arrive,begin,return,open,close等表示動(dòng)作趨向性的詞。Theplanetakesoffat5：00a．m.飛機(jī)早上5點(diǎn)起飛。(4)

在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillhavetostayathome.如果明天下雨，我們將只好待在家里。2.

一般過去時(shí)(1)

表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday,lastyear,theotherday等連用。Ihadalongconversationwithhertheotherday.

前幾天我與她做了一次長談。(2)

在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中常用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。Hesaidhewouldnotgoifitrained.他說如果下雨，他不會(huì)去的。(3)

表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment等連接。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.她一進(jìn)來就告訴我她身上發(fā)生的事情。ItwasraininglightlywhenI

(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.【解析】句意：就在天亮之前我到了陽朔，那時(shí)天正下著小雨。根據(jù)wasraining可知，此處講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)。故填arrived。3.

一般將來時(shí)(1)

表示將來某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。(2)

表示一般將來時(shí)的其他結(jié)構(gòu)。①

begoingtodosth.表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或有預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。②

betodosth.表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將要做某事或按照職責(zé)、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等要做某事。③

be(just)abouttodosth.表示即將要發(fā)生某事。該結(jié)構(gòu)通常不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。Ifyouareabletocomewithus,pleaseletusknowandwe

_________

(wait)foryouattheschoolgateat9inthemorning.【解析】根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示將來某一時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故謂語動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí)，即“will＋動(dòng)詞原形”。故填willwait。4.

過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Theshopswouldclosesoon,andallthepeoplewouldgohome.店鋪將很快關(guān)門，所有人也將回家。Inthestore,Iaskedeachofmykidstopicksomethingtheythoughtour

“friend”

there

(appreciate)．【解析】根據(jù)asked和thought可知，此處表示在過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)設(shè)想將來發(fā)生的事，故用過去將來時(shí)。故填wouldappreciate?？键c(diǎn)2進(jìn)行時(shí)

★★★1.

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)

表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或表示現(xiàn)階段(atpresent,thisweek等)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)(說話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行或存在)。Iamwritingalongnovelthesedays.我這些天在寫一本長篇小說。(2)

一些表示趨向性的短暫性動(dòng)詞如come,go,leave,get,start,open,arrive,begin,return等常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。(3)

現(xiàn)在(過去)進(jìn)行時(shí)與always,constantly,often,forever,continually等副詞連用表示說話者帶有贊嘆、厭煩、不滿等感情色彩。Thegirlisalwaystalkingaloudinpublic.這個(gè)女孩總是在公眾場合大聲喧嘩。I

(write)totellyoumyexcitingplanforthesummerholiday.【解析】此處表示現(xiàn)在正在寫信，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填amwriting。2.

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)

表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Hewascookingsupperthistimeyesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他正在做晚飯。(2)

表示過去一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。ShewaswatchingTVwhenaburglarbrokeintoherhouse.她正在看電視，這時(shí)一名竊賊破門而入。(3)

某些表示趨向性的動(dòng)詞如come,go,leave,start,arrive等用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。YesterdayhesaidhewasleavingforCanada.昨天他說他要?jiǎng)由砣ゼ幽么?。Mymother

wascooking(cook)supperinthekitchenwhenthedoorbellrang.3.

將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或按計(jì)劃、安排、決定預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的事情。常與soon,tomorrow,thisevening,bythistime,intwodays,tomorrowevening等連用。ThistimenextweekI'llbelyingonthebeach,enjoyingthesunshine.下星期的這個(gè)時(shí)候我將正躺在沙灘上享受陽光。—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.I

(write)areportathome.【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞tomorrowmorning以及句意可知，此處表示“明天早上我將在家中寫報(bào)告”，故用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填willbewriting?？键c(diǎn)3完成時(shí)

★★★★1.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)

表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。常與already,sofar,never,just,before,recently等連用。I'veonlyreadalittleofthebooksofar.

這本書我才讀了一小部分。(2)

表示動(dòng)作從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常與since,for,sofar,now,today,thisweek/month/year,foralongtime,thesedays等連用?！军c(diǎn)津】

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用句型①

Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since...Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.我已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)十年了。②

This/That/Itisthefirst/second/besttimethat＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This/That/Itistheonly...that＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Inthelastfewyears,China

(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.【解析】句意：在過去的幾年里，中國在環(huán)保方面已經(jīng)取得了巨大的成就。根據(jù)Inthelastfewyears可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填hasmade。2.

過去完成時(shí)(1)

表示在過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”。常與by,before等介詞(短語)或狀語從句連用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。ShehadleftbeforeIcouldsayaword.我還沒來得及說話她就走開了。(2)

表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算、意圖等，常用hadhoped/wished/expected/

supposed等。Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematch.我們本來預(yù)料的是你能贏得這場比賽的?！军c(diǎn)津】

過去完成時(shí)常用句型①

This/That/Itwasthefirst/second/thirdtimethat＋過去完成時(shí)ThiswasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenhere.這是我第一次來這里。②

hardly/scarcely/barely＋過去完成時(shí)＋when＋一般過去時(shí)Hardlyhadthematchstartedwhenwearrived.我們一到場，比賽就開始了。③

nosooner＋過去完成時(shí)＋than＋一般過去時(shí)NosoonerhadhearrivedinRomethanhebegantowork.他一到羅馬就開始工作了。Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe

_________

(expect)．【解析】根據(jù)was可知，“預(yù)料”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)。故填hadexpected?？键c(diǎn)4完成進(jìn)行時(shí)★★★現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)

表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。(全國Ⅰ卷)Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecanhelp.這些天來孩子們一直在尋找我們能幫助的人。(2)

表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常帶有感情色彩。Ihavebeencallinghimmanytimesthismorning,butthere'snoanswer.今天上午我給他打了很多次電話，但一直沒有人接?？键c(diǎn)5被動(dòng)語態(tài)★★★★1.

不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊動(dòng)詞(1)

所有的不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)，如happen,disappear,fail,die,cometrue等。(2)

表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have,own,belongto等。(3)

表示希望、意圖的動(dòng)詞，如wish,want,hope,like,love等。2.

主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)

表示主語某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞，如wash,write,cut,lock,open,play,keep等。Thiskindofcloth

washeseasily.這種布料容易洗。Thebook

sellswell.

這本書很暢銷。(2)

感官動(dòng)詞和連系動(dòng)詞(look,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,grow,become,stay等)＋形容詞/名詞。Thedish

tastesgood.

這道菜味道不錯(cuò)。(3)

當(dāng)want,need意為“需要”時(shí)，后可接doing，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。Theplants

wantwatering

daily.這些花草需要天天澆水。(4)beworth后接doing作賓語，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Thisidea

is

well

worthconsidering.這個(gè)想法很值得考慮。(5)

在“主語＋be＋形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中，todo用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。Themathsproblem

ishardtoworkout.這道數(shù)學(xué)題很難做。二、如何判定是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞在歷年高考語法填空中，都會(huì)考查謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞。遇到這類題時(shí)，首先要判斷括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞在句中是作謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞。1.

如果句中找不到謂語動(dòng)詞，則所給動(dòng)詞作謂語(1)

一個(gè)句子必須有謂語，若空格所在句無其他動(dòng)詞，那么此空就填謂語動(dòng)詞。這時(shí)要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致等。(2)

若句中找到了謂語動(dòng)詞，但找不到連詞(并列連詞或從屬連詞)時(shí)，則所給動(dòng)詞一定用作非謂語動(dòng)詞。這時(shí)要確定是-ing形式、-ed形式還是不定式。China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries

_________

(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.【解析】句意：中國的形象正在穩(wěn)步提升，更多的國家認(rèn)識(shí)到中國在國際事務(wù)中的作用。此處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，morecountries和recognize之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填recognizing。2.

通過易混對(duì)比分析，理清謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞(請(qǐng)先在空白處填入所給單詞的正確形式，然后再參考答案與解析，體會(huì)謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞的差異)題組1：①

Hevolunteeredtohelpcontroltraffic,

(donate)anhourofhistimeeveryweek.②

Hevolunteeredtohelpcontroltraffic,and

(donate)anhourofhistimeeveryweek.【解析】兩句的差別是有無and。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，①句空格處為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，故填donating；②句空格處與volunteered并列作謂語，故填donated。題組2：①

(call)metomorrowandIwillletyouknowthelabresult.②

(call)metomorrow,Iwillletyouknowthelabresult.【解析】兩句的差別是有無and。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，①句為“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，故填Call；②句為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作條件狀語，故填Calling。題組3：①

Theguide

(lead)theway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.②

Theguide

(lead)theway,sowehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.【解析】兩句的差別在于有無so。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，①句為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語，故填leading；②句中so連接兩個(gè)并列句，空格處所填詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與第二個(gè)并列分句的謂語動(dòng)詞保持一致，故填led。題組4：①

Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather

(permit)．②

Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,ifweather

(permit)．【解析】兩句的差別在于有無if。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，①句為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作條件狀語，故填permitting；②句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，故填permits。題組5：①

Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,andallhisattention

(fix)onit.②

Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,withallhisattention

(fix)onit.③

Jimwaslisteningattentivelytothelecture,

(fix)allhisattentiononit.【解析】三句的差別是有無連詞或介詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，①句為and連接兩個(gè)并列句，用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填wasfixed；②句為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，且空格處與allhisattention之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填fixed；③句為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，故填fixing。題組6：①

Hewentintotheroom,

(sit)atthetableandbegantoreadnewspapers.②

Theywalkedalongthestreamtogether,

(talk)andlaughing.【解析】①句為and連接的三個(gè)并列謂語動(dòng)詞，故填sat；②句為and連接兩個(gè)伴隨狀語，故填talking。鞏固練習(xí)：題組11.(2023浙江1月高考卷)IntheMingDynasty,thecentrewastheForbiddenCity,surroundedinconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.Citizensofhighersocialclasses

(permit)toliveclosertothecentreofthecircles.【解析】werepermitted考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。動(dòng)詞permit和主語Citizensofhighersocialclasses構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系；再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語IntheMingDynasty可知，用一般過去時(shí)。故填werepermitted。2.Li,bornin1990,

(live)withhergrandparentsinMianyang,Sichuan,sincetheageof6afterherfatherdied.【解析】haslived/hasbeenliving考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：李出生于1990年，父親去世后，從6歲起，一直與祖父母住在四川綿陽。根據(jù)句中的sincetheageof6可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；或用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能持續(xù)下去。故填haslived/hasbeenliving。3.(2022浙江1月高考卷)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—

(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.【解析】havepromised考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語sincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago可知，主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語200academics是復(fù)數(shù)。故填havepromised。4.ThenameTianwen,borrowedfromanancientChinesepoembyQuYuanoftheKingdomofChu(475BC—223BC),

(mean)“thequestforheavenlytruth”．【解析】means考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句子描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；且主語thename是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填means。5.Festivalsandcelebrationsofallkinds

(hold)everywheresinceancienttimes.Mostancientfestivalswouldcelebratetheendofcoldweather.【解析】havebeenheld考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：自古以來，各地都有各種各樣的節(jié)日和慶祝活動(dòng)。大多數(shù)古老的節(jié)日都會(huì)慶祝寒冷天氣的結(jié)束。句中主語Festivalsandcelebrationsofallkinds與謂語動(dòng)詞hold之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；且根據(jù)下文的sinceancienttimes可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填havebeenheld。6.Thismorning,Ireceivedaheart-warmingpostonInstagramfromafriendwhoI

(give)ablueandwhitespottedbreastpinbefore.【解析】hadgiven考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：今天早上，我在Instagram上收到了一個(gè)朋友發(fā)來的溫暖人心的帖子，我之前送過這個(gè)朋友一個(gè)藍(lán)白相間的胸針。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“過去的過去”，要用過去完成時(shí)，故填hadgiven。7.ForsomereasonI

(stay)withrelativescurrently,andintheirlivingroomsitsapianowhichismyfavouritemusicalinstrument.【解析】amstaying考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)下文的currently可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)目前的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；主語為I，故填amstaying。8.Healthyenvironmentnotonlykeepsthenature'sbalancebut

(help)ingrowinganddevelopingallthelivingthingsontheearth.【解析】helps考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。本句由notonly...but(also)連接兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)上文的keeps可知，此處也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填helps。9.OnthetraditionalChineselunarcalendar,ayearisdividedinto24solarterms.Thesolarterms

(create)thousandsofyearsagotoguideagriculturalproduction.【解析】werecreated考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)下文的thousandsofyearsago可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；且主語Thesolarterms與謂語動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語為Thesolarterms，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，故填werecreated。10.Intheearlyperiodofthe17thcentury,Chinesetea

(export)toEurope.【解析】wasexported考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。本句中主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；且根據(jù)上文的Intheearlyperiodofthe17thcentury可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；主語Chinesetea為不可數(shù)名詞，故填wasexported。11.Asyougothroughthisbook,you

(find)thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWar

Ⅱ

hadadifferentexperience.【解析】willfind考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)你讀這本書時(shí)，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那些經(jīng)歷過第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的數(shù)百萬人中的每一個(gè)人都有著不同的經(jīng)歷。在as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，故填willfind。12.Jerrystaredoutofthewindow,worried.Hehadbeenstudyinghardandhisexam

(be)abouttostart.【解析】was考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上文可知，此處描寫過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。beabouttodosth.表示“即將做某事”。故填was。13.China,which

(recognize)widelyasthehometownoftea,gainsabigreputationofteaplanting,strictteaetiquette(禮節(jié))anduniqueteadrinkinghabits.【解析】isrecognized考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：中國是世界上公認(rèn)的“茶葉之鄉(xiāng)”，在種植茶葉、嚴(yán)格的茶道、獨(dú)特的飲茶習(xí)慣等方面享有盛譽(yù)。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞China；recognize與China之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表達(dá)客觀事實(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填isrecognized。14.Butthedog,aftersniffingaroundforabit,

(lie)downandbegantocomplainabouthowdifficultitwastofindoneboneinsuchabigfield.【解析】lay考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。and連接兩個(gè)并列成分，根據(jù)后面的began可知，此處也用一般過去時(shí)；lie意為“躺”時(shí)，其過去式為lay。故填lay。15.It'srequiredthatatleastonefootballclass

(offer)eachweekintheseschoolssothattheycanencouragetheirstudentstoactivelyparticipateinfootballtrainingandmatches.【解析】(should)beoffered考查動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。在“It'srequiredthat...”句型中，that引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語氣，即謂語動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，should可以省略；onefootballclass與謂語動(dòng)詞offer是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填(should)beoffered。題組2A(2023江蘇南通適應(yīng)性考試)Xiaoxihublock,oncearun-downareainNanjing,housed810familiesinanareaof46,900squaremetres.Lifetherewas

1

(convenient)duetonarrowroads,oldbuildingswithnokitchenandbathroom,andpooraccesstopublicservices

2

water,gas,electricity,andInternet.However,withahistoryofover600years,theXiaoxihuneighbourhoodhadabundanthistoricalremains,andmanyresidentswere

3

(extreme)attachedtotheirancestralhousesandthememoriesofseveralgenerations.Afterseveralroundsofsurveysand

4

(consult),thelocalgovernmentadoptedanewapproachtoimprovelivingconditionswhile

5

(preserve)thehistoricalelements.In2019,therenovationprojectbrokeground.Thedeveloperfirstimprovedwater,electricity,Internet,andgasaccesswithautilitytunnelthatfitsthenarrowroads.Theresidents

6

(give)optionsofremainingintheirhomesormovingelsewhere.Thosewhochosetoleavecouldrenttheiroldhousestotheconstructioncompanyforcommercialpurposesafterrenovation,

7

thosewhostayedwouldbeofferedaspecializedrenovationplan

8

(base)onthehouse'spracticalconditions,usuallyincludingaddingakitchenandabathroom.Withmoreemptyroomsandspace,coffeeshops,restaurants,andotherkindsofbusinesseshaveopenedup.Todate,402householdsstillliveinthecommunity,buttheirliveshavebecomemuchmorecomfortable.Aculturalsquare

9

stageisshapedlikeasemi-circlehasbeenbuilt,andtheneighbourhood

10

(become)moreorganizedandattractive.【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了南京的棚戶區(qū)——小西湖街區(qū)的改造項(xiàng)目。由于得到了改造，該街區(qū)發(fā)生了很大的變化?！窘馕觥?.inconvenient考查形容詞。根據(jù)下文中“duetonarrowroads,oldbuildingswithnokitchenandbathroom,andpooraccesstopublicservices”可知，那里的條件比較差，生活很不方便。故填inconvenient。2.like考查介詞。上文提到了publicservices，下文的“water,gas,electricity,andInternet”是具體列舉，故填like。3.extremely考查副詞。此處用副詞修飾形容詞attached，作狀語。故填extremely。4.consultation/consultations考查名詞。根據(jù)并列連詞and前面的surveys可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞。名詞consultation既可作不可數(shù)名詞，又可作可數(shù)名詞。故填consultation(s)。5.preserving考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處為狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)詞preserve和主句主語thelocalgovernment之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填preserving。6.weregiven考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)上文可知，本句用一般過去時(shí)；且主語theresidents和動(dòng)詞give之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填weregiven。7.while/and考查連詞?？崭袂暗腡hosewhochosetoleave...和空格后的thosewhostayed...之間為并列關(guān)系，用and；也可以理解為兩種情況作對(duì)比，用while。故填and/while。8.based考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。base和plan之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作后置定語。故填based。9.whose考查定語從句。此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞aculturalsquare和從句中的stage之間為所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用whose引導(dǎo)。故填whose。10.hasbecome考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)上一句時(shí)態(tài)可知，本句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語theneighbourhood是單數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填hasbecome。B(2023廣東部分學(xué)校聯(lián)考)WhoownstheEnglishlanguage?Theanswerisnolonger“theBritish”.Accordingtothelatestfigures,English

11

(speak)byabout1.75billionpeopleworldwide.InOxfordUniversityPress'sGiftofWordscampaign,peoplespeakingmorethanonelanguagewereaskedto“gift”awordfromtheirfirsttotheirsecondlanguage,andviceversa(反之亦然).Theresponseshighlighteven

12

(many)wordsthatmultilingual(多種語言的)EnglishspeakersfelttheyhadtoborrowfromtheirotherlanguagesforlackofthesamethinginEnglish.Whilemanyvalue

13

(pure)overdiversityinlanguage,callingborrowedwords“gifts”is

14

importantwayofexpressionandtheborrowingofwordsispartofthenaturalevolutionofalllivinglanguages.Contrary

15

popularbelief,itismultilingualismratherthanmonolingualism(單一語言制)thatisthenorm,withvariousreports

16

(estimate)thatbetween60%and75%oftheglobalpopulationcanspeakmorethanonelanguage.Andinsuchamultilingual,digitallyinterconnectedworld,

17

moreandmorepeoplearebroughttogetherby

18

(share)interestsandgoals,theinterchangeofwordsbetweenlanguagesandcultureshasaccelerated.Changingourattitudestowardslanguagevariationisvitaltofightthelinguisticprejudicethatcausespeople

19

(discriminate)againstfornotusingthe“right”wordsorforspeakinginthe“wrong”accent.OnlywhenweshareownershipofEnglishandembracethelanguageinallitsdiversitycanit

20

(true)beagiftthateveryonecanbenefitfrom.【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了作者對(duì)語言多樣性的看法?！窘馕觥?1.isspoken考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：根據(jù)最新數(shù)據(jù)，全世界大約有17.5億人說英語。English與speak構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處描述客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語為English，謂語用單數(shù)。故填isspoken。12.more考查比較級(jí)。句意：這些回答突出地反映了，由于英語中缺乏對(duì)應(yīng)的詞匯，這些會(huì)說多種語言的人不得不從其他語言中借用詞匯的情況要多于他們將英語詞匯輸出到其他語言的情況。even用以加強(qiáng)比較，后常接比較級(jí)。故填more。13.purity考查名詞。此處用名詞作動(dòng)詞value的賓語。故填purity。14.an考查冠詞。此處泛指“一個(gè)重要的方式”，且important的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭。故填an。15.to考查介詞。contraryto意為“與……相反”。故填to。16.estimating考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處是“with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，且reports與estimate構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填estimating。17.where考查定語從句。先行詞是world，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。18.shared考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處表示“共同的興趣和目標(biāo)”，用過去分詞作定語。故填shared。19.tobediscriminated考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。causesb.todosth.表示“導(dǎo)致某人做某事”，且people與discriminate構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填tobediscriminated。20.truly考查副詞。句意：只有當(dāng)我們共同擁有英語，并接受這門語言的多樣性時(shí)，它才能真正成為每個(gè)人都能從中受益的禮物。此處用副詞truly修飾動(dòng)詞be。故填truly。C(2023山東德州三模)Harmonious,elegantandemotional,theseromanticfeaturesmakeKunquOperaoneofthemostlovedartformsinChina.BorninSuzhou,EastChina'sJiangsuProvince,KunquOperadistinguished

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(it)bythesuperbtechniquesofitsrhythmicpatternsand

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(become)widelypopularduringtheMingDynasty.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestivalinMingandQingdynasties,operatoursoftengatheredinSuzhou,

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(stage)theatricalperformancesinancientChina.CombiningsongsperformedintheSuzhoudialect,

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(grace)bodymovements,martialartsanddance,KunquOperausesa

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(vary)ofmovementstoexpressspecificemotions.Italsopayscarefulattentiontoeachdetail.Wonderfulmovementsenliventhefingertipsandunique

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(tune)producearichandpoeticworld.KunquOperahadadominantinfluenceonmanyformsofoperainChinathereafter,includingPekingOpera,

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isabout200yearsold.Itishenceknown

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themotherofallChineseoperas.AsatypicalexampleofChineseculture,storiesperformedinKunquOperahavetranscendedtimeandspace.

The

Peony

Pavilion,

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(write)byplaywrightTangXianzu,whoisoftencomparedtoShakespeare,isstilllovedbyfansfromaroundtheworld.Alivingheritageis

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endlessdialoguebetweenthepresentandthepast,andKunquOperaisacarriertopassthatlegacyon.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于昆曲的一些知識(shí)，包括它的起源、發(fā)展以及對(duì)中國戲曲形式產(chǎn)生的影響等。【解析】21.itself考查反身代詞。句意：昆曲誕生于中國東部江蘇省蘇州市，以其精致的韻律模式而著稱，并在明代廣受歡迎。動(dòng)詞distinguished的主語和賓語都是昆曲，故用反身代詞itself。22.became考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語duringtheMingDynasty可知，用一般過去時(shí)。故填became。23.staging考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。stage作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“上演，舉辦”，且stage和operatours之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填staging。24.graceful考查形容詞。此處用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞短語bodymovements。故填graceful。25.variety考查固定搭配。avarietyof意為“各種各樣的……”。故填variety。26.tunes考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)空后的謂語動(dòng)詞produce可知，主語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且tune(曲調(diào))為可數(shù)名詞。故填tunes。27.which考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為PekingOpera，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語。故填which。28.as考查介詞。句意：因此它被認(rèn)為是中國所有戲曲之母。beknownas意為“被認(rèn)為是”。故填as。29.written考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：由經(jīng)常被比作莎士比亞的劇作家湯顯祖創(chuàng)作的《牡丹亭》，至今仍受到世界各地曲迷的喜愛。write與其邏