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原題
Weallknowthatunpleasantfeelingwhenwe,retalkingaboutsomethinginterestingandhalfwaythroughour
sentencewe,reinterrupted.Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,accordingto
newresearchledbyKatherineHiltonfromStanfordUniversity.
Usingasetofcontrolledaudioclips(錄音片段),Hiltonsurveyed5,OOOAmericanEnglishspeakerstobetter
understandwhataffectspeople,sperceptionsofinterruptions.Shehadparticipantslistentoaudioclipsandthen
answerquestionsaboutwhetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingto
interrupt.
HiltonfoundthatAmericanEnglishspeakershavedifferentconversationalstyles.Sheidentifiedtwodistinct
groups:highandlowintensityspeakers.Highintensityspeakersaregenerallyuncomfortablewithmomentsof
silenceinconversationandconsidertalkingatthesametimeasignofengagement.Lowintensityspeakersfindit
rudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeoplespeakoneafteranotherinconversation.
Thedifferencesinconversationalstylesbecameevidentwhenparticipantslistenedtoaudioclipsinwhichtwo
peoplespokeatthesametimebutwereagreeingwitheachotherandstayedontopic,Hiltonsaid.Thehighintensity
groupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenot
inteπ*uptivebutengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns,?n
contrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneous(同時)chatasarudeinterruption,regardless
ofwhatthespeakersweresaying.
??Peoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhaveamassiveeffectontheoverall
communication,,,Hiltonsaid.''Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialifwewanttounderstandhow
humansinteractwitheachother.”
1.WhatdoesHilton,sresearchfocuson?
A.Whatinteιτuptionsmeantopeople.
B.Whetherinteπuptionisgoodornot.
C.Howtoavoidgettinginterrupted.
D.Whyspeakersinterrupteachother.
2.Whatdoparticipantsofthestudyneedtodo?
A.Recordanaudioclip.B.Answersomequestions.
C.Listentooneanother.D.Haveachatwithafriend.
3.Whatdolowintensityspeakersthinkofsimultaneouschat?
A.It,simportant.B.It,sinteresting.
C.Ifsinefficient.D.It,simpolite.
4.WhatcanweIeamfromHilton,sresearch?
A.Humaninteractioniscomplex.
B.Communicationisthebasisoflife.
C.Interruptionspromotethinking.
D.Languagebarrierswillalwaysexist.
【答案】LA2.B3.D4.A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。研究表明,在談話中被打斷是否會帶來不愉快,因人而異。
【1題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句"Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,
accordingtonewresearchledbyKalherineHiltonfromStanfordUniVerSity.(但這真的是打擾嗎?根據(jù)斯坦福大
學(xué)凱瑟琳?希爾頓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項新研究,答案取決于你問誰)"和第四段第二、三句"Thehighintensitygroup
reportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenotinterruptive
butengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns.Incontrast,the
lowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneouschatasarudeinterruption,regardlessofwhatthespeakers
wereSaying.(高強度組報告說,人們在表達同意的同時說話的對話不會被打斷,而是比在說話之間保持沉默
的對話更投入、更友好。相比之下,低強度組認為任何數(shù)量的同時聊天都是粗魯?shù)拇驍?,不管說話人在說
什么)”可知,文章主要說明了“打斷”對不同的人來說,意義不同,即“打斷”對人們意味著什么。故選
A項。
【2題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句"Shehadparticipantslistentoaudioclipsandthenanswerquestionsabout
whetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingtointerrupt.(她讓參與者
聽一些音頻片段,然后回答一些問題,比如說話者看起來是否友好、投入、彼此傾聽,還是試圖打斷)”可
知,參與者們需要在聽完音頻后回答一些問題。故選B項。
【3題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句uLowintensityspeakersfinditrudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeople
speakoneafteranotherinConVerSation.(低強度說話者覺得同時說話很不禮貌,他們更喜歡人們在談話中一個
接一個地說話)”可推知,對于低強度聊天者來說,同時聊天是粗魯?shù)?,不禮貌的。故選D項。
4題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“"Peoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhavea
massiveeffectontheoverallcommunication,,,Hiltonsaid.''Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialif
wewanttounderstandhowhumansinteractwitheachother.,,(α人們很在意被打斷,而這些小的干擾會對整體
交流產(chǎn)生巨大影響,”希爾頓說。“如果我們想了解人類之間是如何互動的,就必須分解中斷的含義。
可推知,人類的交流是復(fù)雜的。故選A項。
變式基礎(chǔ)題1
Asayoungchild,?waspainfullyshy.Γdwatchotherchildrenplayinthepark,wishingICouldjointhem,butI
wastooscaredtoapproach.Eventually,mymotherwouldcometotherescue.She,dasktheotherkidsif?couldplay,
too.Today,?feelcomfortablegivingpubliclecturesinlargehallsandhavingconversationsinsmallgroups,but?still
tendtoavoidsituationsinwhichI,mexpectedtospendtimewitharoomfulofstrangers.
Therecouldbemanyreasons.Foronething,Imightbecarryingsomechildhoodfearofrejection.Butbeyond
thatpossibility,onelikelyelementisthat1tendtounderestimatehowmuchpeoplelikemeafter?meetthem,asmost
ofusdo.
Anewresearchpaperreportsthatthecommonconcernthatnewpeoplemaynotlikeus,orthattheymaynot
enjoyourcompany,islargelyUnfoUndcd.
EricaBoothbyofCornellUniversityandhercolleaguesconductedaseriesofstudiestofindoutwhatour
conversationpartnersreallythinkofus.Indoingso,theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion(認知錯覺)theycall
“thelikinggap":ourfailuretorealizehowmuchstrangersappreciateourcompanyafterabitofconversation.
Theresearchersobservedthegapinavarietyofsituations:strangersgettingacquaintedintheresearch
laboratoryfirst-yearcollegestudentsgettingtoknowtheirdormitorymatesoverthecourseofmanymonths,and
communitymembersmeetingfellowparticipantsinpersonaldevelopmentworkshops.Ineachcircumstance,people
consistentlyunderestimatedhowmuchotherslikedthem.Formuchoftheacademicyear,asdormitorymatesgotto
knoweachotherandevenstartedtodevelopenduringfriendships,thelikinggappersisted.
Thedataalsorevealedsomeofthepotentialreasonsfortheillusion:weareoftenmoreseverewithourselves
thanwithothers,andourinnercriticpreventsusfromappreciatinghowpositivelyotherpeopleevaluateus.Not
knowingwhatourconversationpartnersreallythinkofus,weuseourownthoughtsasaproxy(代理人).Thisisa
mistake,becauseourthoughtstendtobemorenegativethanreality.
5.Whydoestheauthormentionhischildhoodexperience?
A.Toshowhowhischaracterchanged.
B.Toexplainwhathewaslikewhenhewasyoung.
C.Toshowanexampleofwhypeopleareshyofcommunication.
D.Toemphasizetheimportantroleofamotherinone,schildhood.
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unfbunded''probablymean?
A.Careless.B.Baseless.C.Selfless.D.Meaningless.
7.WhatdoWeknowaboutthelikinggapfromthetext?
A.Itindicateswhatstrangersreallythinkofus.
B.Itbeginsandendsquicklyamongstrangers.
C.Itdisappearswhenstrangersgettoknoweachother.
D.Itstatesourmisunderstandingofhowmuchotherslikeus.
8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?
A.PeopleLikeYouMorethanYouKnow
B.HowtoGetAlongWellwithStrangers
C.TheWaytoKnowWhatOthersThinkofUs
D.HavingConversationswithStrangersBenefitsUs
【答案】5.C6.B7.D8.A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),由于“喜歡差距”,我們往往會低估別人對我們的喜愛程度,事實
上,人們比你認為的更喜歡你。
【5題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句"Asayoungchild,Iwaspainfullyshy.I,dwatchotherchildrenplayinthepark,
wishingIcouldjointhem,butIwastooscaredtoapproach.,,(小時候,我非常害羞。我會看著其他孩子在公
園里玩耍,希望我能加入他們,但我太害怕了,不敢靠近。)和第二段內(nèi)容“Therecouldbemanyreasons.For
onething,Imightbecarryingsomechildhoodfearofrejection.Butbeyondthatpossibility,onelikelyelementisthat
ItendtounderestimatehowmuchpeoplelikemeafterImeetthem,asmostofusdo.”(可能有很多原因。首先,
我可能從小就害怕被拒絕。但除此之外,一個可能的因素是,我和我們大多數(shù)人一樣,在遇到別人之后,
往往會低估他們對我的喜愛程度。)可知,文中列舉了作者童年時不愿意與其他人交流的經(jīng)歷,并解釋了這
種情況產(chǎn)生的原因,由此可知,作者提到他的童年經(jīng)歷是為了舉一個例子,說明人們?yōu)槭裁床辉敢饨涣鳌?/p>
故選C項。
【6題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句"Indoingso,theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion(認知錯覺)theycall”the
likinggap”:ourfailuretorealizehowmuchstrangersappreciateourcompanyafterabitofconversation.,,(在這
樣做過程中,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的認知錯覺,他們稱之為“喜歡差距”:經(jīng)過一番交談后,我們沒有意
識到陌生人有多么欣賞我們的陪伴。)可知,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),認知錯覺讓我們沒有意識到陌生人有多么喜歡我們,
由此可知,人們擔(dān)心新人可能不喜歡我們,或者他們可能不喜歡和我們在一起,這在很大程度上是沒有根
據(jù)的,是一種認知錯覺,“Baseless”意為“沒有根據(jù)的”,能表達畫線單詞在句中所要表達的意思。故選
B項。
【7題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句"Indoingso,theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion(認知錯覺)theycall“the
likinggap":ourfailuretorealizehowmuchstrangersappreciateourcompanyafterabitofconversation.,,(在這
樣做的過程中,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的認知錯覺,他們稱之為“喜歡差距”:經(jīng)過一番交談后,我們沒有意
識到陌生人有多么欣賞我們的陪伴。)可知,“喜歡差距”指的是經(jīng)過一番交談后,我們沒有意識到陌生人
有多么喜歡我們,由此可知,“喜歡差距”表明了我們對別人有多喜歡我們的誤解。故選D項。
【8題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文,結(jié)合第二段關(guān)鍵句uButbeyondthatpossibility,onelikelyelementisthatItendto
underestimatehowmuchpeoplelikemeafter?meetthem,asmostofusdo."(但除此之外,一個可能的因素是,
我和我們大多數(shù)人一樣,在遇到別人之后,往往會低估他們對我的喜愛程度。)和第四段關(guān)鍵句uIndoingso,
theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion(認矢口車昔覺)theycall“thelikinggap”:ourfailuretorealizehowmuch
strangersappreciateourcompanyafterabitofconversation√,(在這樣做的過程中,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的認知
錯覺,他們稱之為“喜歡差距”:經(jīng)過一番交談后,我們沒有意識到陌生人有多么欣賞我們的陪伴。)可知,
由于“喜歡差距”,我們往往會低估別人對我們的喜愛程度,事實上,人們比你認為的更喜歡你,"People
LikeYouMorethanYouKnow"意為"人們比你知道的更喜歡你”,選項能夠概括文章主要內(nèi)容。故選A項。
變式基礎(chǔ)題2
Wearenaturallydrawntofriendsandcolleagueswithfamiliarvoices,scientistshavefound.Peoplepreferthose
whohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered.
Previousresearchhasfocusedonhowamaleorfemalevoicesounds.Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwith
slightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosoundmoreattractive.
Butthenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism(^?i^)atplay.
Dr.MollyBabel,fromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiainCanada,said,“Thevoiceisanamazinglyflexibletool
thatweusetoconstructouridentity.Veryfewthingsinourvoicesarechangeless,soWefeltthatourpreferencehad
tobeaboutmorethanaperson,Sshapeandsize.”
Sherecorded30volunteers,voicesandaskedeachtoratetheothersattractivenessonascaleofonetonine.Each
participantwasfromWesternAmerica,withsimilaraccents.ThepeopleWeassessedwereallinthesamedialect
group,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees.
“Weseemtolikepeoplewhosevoicesarelikeourvoices,andwelikepeoplewhofitwithinwhatWeknow,"Dr.
Babelsaid.Shealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen一typifiedbythefamousAmericanactressMarilynMonroe
—wereseenasmoreattractive.
Thebreathytone,causedbyyoungerandthinnervocalCoMS(聲帶),impliedyouthfulnessandhealth.Acreaky
voice,suggestingapersonhasacoldoristired,wasseenasunattractive.Theparticipantpreferredmenwhospoke
withashorteraveragewordlengthanddeepervoices.
9.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.
A.comparemalevoiceswithfemalevoices
B.informreadersofthenewfindingsofvoices
C.encouragementousedeepervoicestospeak
D.ratepeople,svoicesonascaleofonetonine
10.Intermsofvoicepreferences,thenewfindingsstress.
A.bodysizeandshapeB.ashorterwordlength
C.thesamesocialgroupsD.thickervocalcords
1?.Dr.MollyBabelmentionsMarilynMonroeinorderto.
A.introduceapopularfilmstarB.explainabreathyvoice
C.questionpreviousresearchD.convincepeopleofhercharm
12.Whosevoicemaybeattractiveaccordingtothepassage?
A.Ayoungladywiththinvoice.B.Anoldladywiththickvoice.
C.Adeep-voicedmanwithadrythroat.D.Alittlemanwithaquietandgentlevoice.
【答案】9.B10.C11.B12.A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這這是一篇說明文,文章主要講了科學(xué)研究表明我們會很自然地被熟悉的嗓音所吸引,人們更傾
向于類似的口音,而語言學(xué)家也表明其中有更復(fù)雜的機制在里面。
【9題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段uPeoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoiceto
themselves,theydiscovered.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn),人們更喜歡那些口音、語調(diào)和語調(diào)與自己相似的人)"和第三段"But
thenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism(?fLΦlJ)atplay.(但力口
拿大一位語言學(xué)家發(fā)表的這項新研究表明,其中有一個更復(fù)雜的機制在起作用)”可知,這篇文章的寫作目
的主要是為了讓讀者了解到一項關(guān)于人的嗓音的最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),故選B項。
【10題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoiceto
themselves,theydiscovered.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn),人們更喜歡那些口音、語調(diào)和語調(diào)與自己相似的人)”和第四段“The
peopleWeassessedwereallinthesamedialectgroup,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees.(我們評估的人都處于同
一方言群體,但他們表現(xiàn)出不同的程度)”可知,關(guān)于人們對嗓音的偏好,新研究強調(diào)對使用同一種方言的
社會群體進行評價,故選C項。
【II題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段aShealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen—typifiedbythefamousAmerican
actressMarilynMonroe—wereseenasmoreattractive.(她還發(fā)現(xiàn)女性帶氣音的說話聲,如美國著名女演員瑪
麗蓮?夢露為代表的女性,被認為更有吸引力)”可知,以瑪麗蓮夢露這位人們耳熟能詳?shù)拿餍菫槔?/p>
象生動地向讀者解釋什么是帶有氣音的說話聲,故選B項。
【12題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwithslightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosound
moreattractive.(人們認為聲音低沉的男性和聲音稍高的女性聽起來更有吸引力)”可知,一位年輕的女士如果
嗓音比較尖細,那人們會認為她的聲音很迷人,故選A項。
變式鞏固題1
Silenceisunnaturaltoman.Hebeginslifewithacryandendsitinstillness.Inbetweenhedoesallhecantomakea
noiseintheworld,andhefearssilencemorethananythingelse.Evenhisconversationisanattempttopreventa
fearfulsilence.Ifheisintroducedtoanotherperson,andanumberofpausesoccurintheconversation,heregards
himselfasafailure,aworthlessperson,andisfullofenvyoftheemptiestheadedchatterbox(喋喋不休的人).He
knowsthatninety-ninepercentofhumanconversationmeansnomorethanthebuzzingofafly,butheisanxiousto
joininthebuzzandtoprovethatheisamanandnotawaxworkfigure(蠟塑人像)?
Theaimofconversationisnot,forthemostpart,tocommunicateideas;itistokeepupthebuzzingsound.Thereare,
itmustbeadmitted,differentqualitiesofbuzz;thereisevenabuzzthatisasannoyingasthecontinuousnoisemade
byamosquito(蚊子).Butatadinnerpartyonewouldratherbeamosquitothanaquietperson.Mostbuzzing,
fortunately,ispleasanttotheear,andsomeofitispleasanteventothemind.Hewouldbeafoolishmanifhewaited
untilhehadawisethoughttotakepartinthebuzzing-withhisneighbors.
Thosewhohatetopickuptheweatherasaconversationalopeningseemtomenottoknowthereasonwhyhuman
beingswish1:()talk.Veryfewhumanbeingsjoininaconversationinthehopeoflearninganythingnew.Someof
themarecontent,iftheyaremerelyallowedtogoonmakinganoiseintootherpeople,sears,thoughtheyhave
nothingtotellthemexceptthattheyhaveseentwoorthreenew,playsorthattheyhadfoodinaSwisshotel.Atthe
endofaneveningduringwhichtheyhavesaidnothingmeaningfulforalongtime,theyjustprovethemselvestobe
successfulconservationists.
13.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplemakeconversationto.
A.exchangeideasB.provetheirvalue
C.achievesuccessmlifeD.overcometheirfearofsilence
14.By"thebuzzingofafly”(Para.1),theauthormeans44''.
A.thenoiseofaninsectB.alowwhisperingsound
C.meaninglesstalksD.thevoiceofachatterbox
15.Accordingtothepassage,peopleusuallytalktotheirneighbors.
A.aboutwhatevertheyhaveprepared
B.aboutwhatevertheywantto
C.inthehopeoflearningsomethingnew
D.inthehopeofgettingonwell
16.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?
A.Todiscusswhypeopleliketalkingaboutweather.
B.Toencouragepeopletojoininconversations.
C.Topersuadepeopletostopmakingnoises.
D.Toexplainwhypeoplekeeptalking.
【答案】13.D14.C15.B16.D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章作者主要解釋了人為什么會不停的交談。
【13題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的第一段"EvenhisconversationisanattempttopreventafearfulSiIenCe.(甚至他的談話
都是為了避免可怕的沉默。)”可知,交談是克服沉默的恐懼。故選D。
【14題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段"butheisanxioustojoininthebuzzandtoprovethatheisamanandnotawaxwork
f?ure(但他急于加入這一行列,證明自己是一個人,而不是一個蠟塑人像)”可知,人類百分之九十九的談
話只不過是無意義的交談,thebuzzingofafly意為“無意義的交談”。故選C。
【15題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句"Hewouldbeafoolishmanifhewaitedunlilhehadawisethoughtto
takepartinthebuzzing-withhisneighbors.(如果他等到有了一個明智的想法,才參與到與鄰居們的喧鬧中來,
那他就是一個愚蠢的人。)”可知,根據(jù)這篇文章,人們通常和他們的鄰居談?wù)撍麄兿胍務(wù)摰娜魏问虑椤?/p>
故選B。
【16題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Theaimofconversationisnot,forthemostpart,tocommunicateideas;itisto
keepupthebuzzingsound.(大多數(shù)情況下,談話的目的不是為了交流思想;這是為了保持嗡嗡聲。)”可知,
文章作者主要解釋了人為什么會不停的交談。故選D。
變式鞏固題2
Whenromanticpartnersargueoverthingslikefinances,jealousy,orotherinterpersonalissues,theytendto
employtheircurrentfeelingsasfuelforaheatedargument.Butthinkingaboutthefuturehelpsovercomerelationship
conflicts,accordingtoaUniversityofWaterlooStudyjustpublishedonlineinSocialPsychologicalandPersonality
Science.AlexHuynh,adoctoralcandidateinpsychologyistheleadauthorofthestudy,whichhepublishedwithIgor
GrossmannfromtheUniversityofWaterloo,andDanielYangfromYaleUniversity.
Previousresearchhasshownthatthird-perspectivereasoningcanbeapositivestrategyforreconciliation調(diào)解)
ofinterpersonalstruggles.Huynhandhiscollaboratorsinvestigatedwhethersimilarbenefitcanbeinducedby
simplythinkingaboutthefuture.Studyparticipantswereinstructedtoreflectonarecentconflictwitharomantic
partneroraclosefriend.Onegroupofparticipantswerethenaskedtodescribehowtheywouldfeelabouttheconflict
oneyearinthefuture,whileanothergroupwasaskedtodescribehowtheyfeelinthepresent.
Theteamexaminedparticipants,writtenresponsesthroughatext-analysisprogramfortheiruseofpronouns一
suchasI,me,she,he.Thesechoicesofpronounswereusedtocaptureparticipants9focusonthefeelingsand
behaviourofthoseinvolvedintheconflict.Writtenresponseswerealsoexaminedforforgivenessandreinterpreting
theconflictmorepositively,bothofwhichimpliedtheparticipants,useofreasoningstrategies.
Theresearchersfoundthatenvisioningfuturerelationshipaffectedbothparticipants5focusontheirfeelings,and
theirreasoningstrategies.Asaresult,participantsreportedmorepositivityabouttheirrelationshipaltogether,
especiallywhenstudyparticipantsextendedtheirthinkingabouttherelationshipayearintothefuture.
??0urstudydemonstratesthatadoptingafuture-orientedperspectiveinthecontextofarelationshipconflict一
reflectingonhowonemightfeelayearfromnow-maybeavaluablecopingtoolforone,spsychologicalhappiness
andrelationshipwell-being,,,saidHuynh.
17.Whatdoromanticpartnersdoinfaceofmostdisagreements?
A.Theylosefaithintheirfuture.B.Theyfocusontheirpresentfeelings.
C.Theylookforwardtoafierceconflict.D.Theycaremoreaboutfinancialproblems.
18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“induced“inParagraph2mostprobablymean?
A.Caused.B.Explained.
C.Reduced.D.Improved.
19.WhatdoWeknowaboutthestudy?
A.Allthestudyparticipantsdescribedhowtheyfeltbothinthepresentandinthefuture.
B.Studyparticipantsdescribedtheirrecentrelationshipwiththeirromancepartnersorfriends.
C.Atext-analysisprogramwasemployedtoexamineparticipants'useofnegativewords.
D.Thereasoningstrategiesinparticipants,writtenresponseswerewellworthyofnote.
20.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?
A.Youhaveayeartosolveyourinterpersonalproblems!
B.Thinkingaboutfutureisessentialforrelationshipmaintenance!
C.Yourcurrentfeelingsaretherealcauseofyourheatedarguments!
D.Beneficialreasoningisapositivestrategyforreconciliation!
【答案】17.B18.A19.D20.B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文,文章主要介紹一項研究結(jié)果,思考未來關(guān)系有助于克服人際關(guān)系沖突,目光長
遠才是維持人際關(guān)系的好方法。
【17題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的aWhenromanticpartnersargueoverthingslikefinances,jealousy,orother
interpersonalissues,theytendtoemploytheircurrentfeelingsasfuelforaheatedargument」當(dāng)戀人們就關(guān)于諸如
財政、嫉妒、或其他人際問題進行爭論時,他們傾向于以他們當(dāng)前的情緒為基礎(chǔ)從而加劇爭論)”可知,在面
對分歧時,大部分戀人注重當(dāng)時的感受。故選B項。
【18題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Previousresearchhasshownthatthird-perspectivereasoningcanbeapositive
strategyforreconciliation調(diào)解)ofinterpersonalStrUggIeS.(先前的研究已經(jīng)表明,從第三視角的推理是積極的
人際斗爭戰(zhàn)略調(diào)節(jié)解方法)”可知,先前的研究已經(jīng)表明理性思維是積極的人際斗爭戰(zhàn)略調(diào)解方法,結(jié)合倒
數(shù)第二段描述的研究結(jié)果“Asaresult,participantsreportedmorepositivityabouttheirrelationshipaltogether(結(jié)
果,參與者對他們的關(guān)系表現(xiàn)出了更積極的態(tài)度)”可推知,劃線詞所在句意為:黃齊和他的合作者研究類
似益處是否僅僅能夠依靠簡單地思考未來去達成。induced意為“導(dǎo)致,引起"。故選A項。
【19題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Writtenresponseswerealsoexaminedforforgivenessandreinterpretingtheconflict
morepositively,bothofwhichimpliedtheparticipants,useofreasoningStrategieS.(通過書面回答,也檢查了有益
的推理策略——例如,寬恕和更積極地闡釋沖突)”可知,參與者書面回答中的推理策略很值得注意。故選
D項。
【20題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Butthinkingaboutthefuturehelpsovercomerelationshipconflicts,according
toaUniversityofWaterlooStudyjustpublishedonlineinSocialPsychologicalandPersonalitySCienCe.(但是根據(jù)
滑鐵盧大學(xué)的一項剛剛發(fā)表在《社會心理和人格科學(xué)》上的研究,思考未來關(guān)系有助于克服人際關(guān)系沖突)”
和最后一段中的uOurstudydemonstratesthatadoptingafuture-orientedperspectiveinthecontextofa
relationshipconflict-reflectingonhowonemightfeelayearfromnow—maybeavaluablecopingtoolforone,s
psychologicalhappinessandrelationshipWen-being(我們的研究表明,在關(guān)系沖突的背景下采用一種面向未來
的視角——反思一年后感受會如何一一對于一個人心理幸福感和良好的人際關(guān)系來說可能是一個有價值的
處理方法)”可知,文章主要介紹一項研究結(jié)果,思考未來關(guān)系有助于克服人際關(guān)系沖突。B項“考慮未來
對維持關(guān)系至關(guān)重要”適合作為文章標題。故選B項。
變式提高題1
Somepeoplecanwalkintoaroomandinstantlyputeveryoneatease.OthersseemtomaketeethClenChandeyes
rollnomatterwhattheydo.Asmallbodyofpsychologyresearchsupportstheideathatthewayapersontendsto
makeothersfeelisaconsistentandmeasurablepartofhispersonality.Researcherscallit''effectivepresence.^^
Thisconceptwasfirstdescribednearly10yearsagoinastudyledbyNoahEisenkraft,abusinessprofessorat
WashingtonUniversity.Heputbusiness-schoolstudentsintogroups,hadthemregisterforailthesameclassesfora
semester,anddoeverygroupprojecttogether.Thenthemembersofeachgroupratedhowmucheveryothermember
madethemfeeleightdifferentemotions:stressed,bored,angry,sad,calm,relaxed,happy,andenthusiastic.The
researchersfoundthatasignificantportionofgroupmembers4emotionscouldbeaccountedforbytheeffective
presenceoftheirpeers.
Itseemsthat"ourownwayofbeinghasanemotionalsignature.^saysElfenbein.
It,sbeenknownforsometimethatemotionsareinfectious.Buteffectivepresenceisaneffectonehasregardless
ofone,sownfeelings—thosewithpositiveeffectivepresencemakeotherpeoplefeelgoodeveniftheypersonallyare
anxiousorsad,andtheoppositeistrueforthosewithnegativeeffectivepresence
Unsuiprisingly,peoplewhoconsistentlymakeothersfeelgoodaremorncentraltotheirsocialnetworks一in
Elfenbein,sstudy,moreoftheirclassmateconsideredthemtobefriends.SectorMadrid,anorganizational-behavior
professor,hasfoundthatleaderswithpositiveaffectivepresencehaveteamsthatarebetteratsharinginformation,
whichleadstocreativity.Inferiorsaremorelikelytovoicetheirideas,too.
However,Elfenbeinnotesthatpositiveeflectivepresenceisn,tnaturallygood.PSyChOPathS(精神變態(tài)者)are
infamouslycharmingandnaywellusetheirpositiveeffectivepresenceforcalculatingends.Neitherisnegative
effectivepresencenecessarilyalwaysabadthinginaleader-thinkofafootballcoachyellingattheteamathalf
time,motivatingthemtomakeacomeback.Shesuspectsthateffectivepresenceiscloselyrelatedtoemotional
intelligencewhichonecanusetocurecancerortobeacriminalmastermind.
21.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“maketeethcleπchninParagraph1mean?
A.Makepeopleupsetorangry.B.Makepeoplegladorrefreshed.
C.Makepeoplecomfortableorrelaxed.D.Makepeopleamazedorthrilled.
22.WhydoestheauthormentionElfenbein,sstudyinParagraph5?
A.Tosuggestleadersarebetteratsharinginformation.
B.Toproveleadersalsohavenegativeeffectivepresence
C.Toindicatepositiveeffectivepresencehasagreaterinfluence,
D.Toshowpositiveeffectivepresencecanpromotesocialinteraction.
23.Whatdoyouknowabouteffectivepresenceaccordingtothetext?
A.Itisforcalculatingends.B.Itisadouble-edgedsword.
C.Itisaffectedbyone,sownemotion,D.Itisthepositiveemotionalinfluenceonothers.
24.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
AEffectivePresence:HowYouMakePeopleFeel
B.EmotionalSignature:WhyEmotionsareInfectious
C.EffectivePresence:NegativePartofYourPersonalities
D.EmotionalIntelligence:BigPartofeffectivePresence
【答案】21.A22.D23.B24.A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了什么是“情感存在”并介紹了“情感存在”在社交中的作用。
[21題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后的"eyesrollnomatterwhattheydo”(無論他們做什么,你都會翻白眼)可知,
劃線詞所在句中“Others”這類人的出現(xiàn)會令人不愉快,
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