英語文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史及名篇選讀-English-Literature-in-the-Old-ages

SelectedReadingsinEnglishLiterature英語文學(xué)選讀TextbookChapter1EnglishLiteratureintheOldAgesGeneralIntroduction:OldEnglishliterature,orAnglo-Saxonliterature,beganintheperiodafterthesettlementoftheTeutonictribesofAngles,SaxonsandJutesabout449ADandendedaftertheNormanConquestin1066.TheAnglessettledinthecentralpartoftheisland,callingtheirnewhomeAngle-land,thenshortenedintoEngland.IOldEnglishliteratureEarlyHistoryGeneralIntroduction:OldEnglishliterature,orAnglo-Saxonliterature,beganintheperiodafterthesettlementoftheTeutonictribesofAngles,SaxonsandJutesabout449ADandendedaftertheNormanConquestin1066.TheAnglessettledinthecentralpartoftheisland,callingtheirnewhomeAngle-land,thenshortenedintoEngland.ThegreatestandthefirstEnglishepicisBeowulf.OldEnglishliteratureAlongnarrativepoemthatrecordstheadventuresofahero,whoseexploitsareimportanttothehistoryofanation.Characteristicsoftheepicpoem:(1)

Greathero(2)

Vastsetting(3)

Actionofgreatdeeds(4)

Supernaturalforces(5)

Grandstyle(6)

ObjectivityEpicForm:

poetryAuthor:anonymousType:EnglishepicTime:about6th-7thcenturyPlace:inDenmarkBeowulf《貝奧武夫》MainCharactersofBeowulfBeowulf:aprinceoftheGeats基特人(SouthernSweden)Hrothgar

赫羅斯加:KingofDenmarkGrendel

格倫德爾:anevilmonsterGrendel’smother:anotherevilmonsterAfire-breathingdragonThepoemcanbedividedintothreeparts:-ThefightagainstGrendel-ThefightagainstGrendel'smother-ThefightagainsttheDragonPlotofBeowulfPlotofBeowulf(part1)BeowulfopensinDenmark,whereKingHrothgarhasasplendidhallknownasHeorot,aplaceofcelebrationandmuchmerriment.However,thejoyousnoiseangersGrendel,anevilmonsterlivinginanearbyswamp.For12yearsthecreatureterrorizesHeorotwithnightlyvisitsinwhichhecarriesoffHrothgar’swarriorsanddevoursthem.HeorotAfterlearningoftheHrothgar’strouble,BeowulfarriveswithasmallbandofwarriorstoridHeorotofitsmonster.Duringthenight,Grendelcomesfromthemoors,ripsopentheheavydoors,anddevoursoneofthesleepingGeats.HethengrappleswithBeowulf,whorefusestouseaweapon.BeowulfgripsoneofGrendel’shandswithsuchforcethatthemonsterfinallywrencheshimselffreeonlywhenhisarmistornoffattheshoulder.Mortallywounded,Grendelreturnstohisswampanddies.Beowulfthendisplaysthemonster’sarminHeorotforalltosee.PlotofBeowulf(part1)PlotofBeowulf(part2)ThenextdayisoneofrejoicinginHeorot,andafeastisthrowninBeowulf’shonour.However,asthewarriorssleepthatnight,Grendel’smother,anotherswampmonster,comestoavengeherson’sdeath,andshekillsoneofHrothgar’smen.InthemorningBeowulfdivesintoherlaketosearchforher,andsheattackshim.Theystruggleinherdrycaveatthelake’sbottom,andBeowulffinallykillsherwithasword.Inthecave,BeowulfdiscoversGrendel’scorpse,whoseheadhecutsoffandtakesbacktoHeorot.TheDanesrejoiceoncemore.Hrothgarmakesafarewellspeechaboutthecharacterofthetruehero,andBeowulf,enrichedwithhonoursandprincelygifts,returnshome.PlotofBeowulf

(part2)BeowulfcutsGrendel’sheadoffBeowulffightswithGrendel’smotherPlotofBeowulf(Part3)AfterBeowulfreturnedtohishome,hesucceedtothekingshipandruledthekingdompeacefullyover50years.However,thepeaceendswhenafire-breathingdragonbecomesenragedafteramanstealsfromitstreasure-filledlair.ThecreaturebeginsravagingGeatland,andthebravebutagingBeowulfdecidestoengageit,despiteknowingthathewilllikelydie.Thefightislongandterrible,withthehelpofhisyoungkinsmanWiglaf,Beowulfultimatelykilledthevenomousdragon,butBeowulfismortallywoundedfromabiteintheneck.Beforehedies,henamedWiglafhissuccessor.ThepoemendswiththesorrowfulfuneralofBeowulf.BeowulfkillsthedragonThemeofBeowulfItgivesusaninterestingpictureoflifeinthoseolddays.Ittellsusoffiercefightsandbravedeedsoftheleaderandthesufferingsofhismen.Ithaspraisedthebravery,keepingpromise,andloyalty.Itreflectsancientpeople’slongingforacourageousherowhocanfightagainsttheunknownandterriblenatureandprotectthemfromthethreatsfromnature.First:AlliterationTherepetitionsofthesameconsonantsoundsinline,especiallyatthebeginningofwords.firstandforemost（首先）saintsandsinners（圣人與罪人）InBeowulf:Ofmenhewasthemildestandmostbeloved,Tohiskinthekindest,keenesttopraise.ArtisticfeaturesofBeowulfNowBeowulfbodeintheburgoftheScyldings,1

leaderbeloved,andlongheruled2

infamewithallfolk,sincehisfatherhadgone3

awayfromtheworld,tillawokeanheir,4

haughtyHealfdene,whoheldthroughlife,5

sageandsturdy,theScyldingsglad.6

Then,oneafterone,therewoketohim,7

tothechieftainofclansmen,childrenfour:8

Heorogar,thenHrothgar,thenHalgabrave;9

andIheardthat--was--'squeen,10

theHeathoscylfing'shelpmatedear.11

ToHrothgarwasgivensuchgloryofwar,12Pairwork:Pleasepointouttheuseofalliterationineachlineoftheabovestanza.NowBeowulfbodeintheburgoftheScyldings,1

leaderbeloved,andlongheruled2

infamewithallfolk,sincehisfatherhadgone3

awayfromtheworld,tillawokeanheir,4

haughtyHealfdene,whoheldthroughlife,5

sageandsturdy,theScyldingsglad.6

Then,oneafterone,therewoketohim,7

tothechieftainofclansmen,childrenfour:8

Heorogar,thenHrothgar,thenHalgabrave;9

andIheardthat--was--'squeen,10

theHeathoscylfing'shelpmatedear.11

ToHrothgarwasgivensuchgloryofwar,12AlliterationinChinese:

漢語的很多連綿詞(聯(lián)綿詞）也是頭韻:蜘蛛[zhizhu]伶俐[lingli]惆悵[chouchang]躊躇[chouchu]參差[cenci]倉(cāng)促[cangcu]討論：琵琶，尷尬，崎嶇,嘍啰，慷慨，吩咐，忐忑，澎湃玲瓏，踴躍，仿佛，彌漫，琉璃，唏噓，踟躕，乒乓Second:metaphorsandunderstatementsUsingalotofmetaphorsandunderstatementsinthepoeminwhichthingsaredescribedindirectlyandincombinationsofwords.InBeowulf:Aship:asea-goer,asea-boat,asea-wood,awave-floaterArtisticfeaturesofBeowulfBattleofHastingsIIEnglishLiteratureinMiddleAgesIn1066,asignificanteventoccurredinEnglishhistoryknownastheNormanConquest.ItmarkedtheinvasionandsuccessfulconquestofEnglandbyWilliamtheConqueror,DukeofNormandy.TheNormanforces,ledbyWilliam,defeatedtheEnglisharmyunderKingHaroldIIattheBattleofHastingsonOctober14th,1066.TheInfluenceoftheNormanConquest1.TheNormanConquest:thebeginningoftheMiddleEnglishorAnglo-Normanperiod

2.Influenceonsocialsystem:theestablishmentoftheFeudalsystem,acentralizedgovernment3.TheintroductionofmedievalFrenchculture,andafreshwaveofMediterraneancivilization:Greekculture,RomanlawandtheChristianreligion.4.InfluenceonLanguage(OldEnglish–MiddleEnglish)IfyouliveintheMedievalEnglish,whatlanguagedoyouspeak?LatinFrenchOldEnglishMedievalEnglishLiterature(1066-1500)Theprevailingliteraryform:theromance（傳奇故事；冒險(xiǎn)故事）Romancewasalongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.Centralcharacter:knights(amanofnoblebirthskilledintheuseofweapons)Theknightswascommonlydescribedasridingforthtoseekadventures,orfightingforhislordinbattle.Hewasdevotedtothechurchandtheking.Subjects:mainlydealwiththreetypesofhistoricalmaterial:thematterofRomeandGreece:AlexandertheGreatandsoForth亞歷山大大帝thematterofFrance:EmperorCharlemagneandHisPeers查理曼大帝thematterofBritain:Adventuresof