2024版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法：主謂一致課件北師大版

語法專題突破第2講主謂一致英語內(nèi)容索引情境導(dǎo)入考點解讀技法圖解情境導(dǎo)入My

deskmate,James,whose

parents

have

been

teaching①EnglishinGuangzhoufortenyears,comesfromtheUnitedStates,whichisoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.He

as

well

as

his

parents

enjoys②livinginGuangzhoubecauseneither

James

nor

his

parents

find③itdifficulttoadapttothelifeinChina.Intheiropinion,many

a

custom

here

is④easytounderstandandten

years

is⑤enoughforthemtogetusedtoallthecustoms.用法感悟1.以上黑體部分遵循語法一致原則的是:

。

2.以上黑體部分遵循意義一致原則的是:

3.以上黑體部分遵循就近一致原則的是:

①②④

⑤

③

考點解讀一、語法一致原則1.動詞-ing形式、動詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。Listening

to

music

makesmerelaxedafterabusyday.忙碌一天之后,聽音樂使我感到很放松。[名師點津]what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式,但如果從句表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What

he

says

and

does

doesnotconcernme.他的言行與我無關(guān)。What

he

says

and

does

donotagree.他言行不一致。2.主語后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引起的短語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。The

teacher

as

well

as

his

students

wasveryexcited.老師和學(xué)生們都非常激動。3.“manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。each,every,no所修飾的名詞作主語時,即使由and連接,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。Many

a

parent

hashadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.很多父母不得不經(jīng)歷同樣痛苦的過程。二、意義一致原則1.集體名詞作主語時,若被看作一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;若被看作構(gòu)成集體的一個個成員,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有:family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。The

class

consistsof25boysand20girls.這個班由25個男生和20個女生組成。The

class

aredoinganexperiment.全班學(xué)生都在做實驗。2.“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/themajority+of+名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義;all,some,half,most,therest等作主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語實際表達(dá)的意義。Aboutone

third

of

the

books

areworthreading.這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。3.表示時間、距離、重量、金額等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。Three

thousand

dollars

isquitealotofmoneyforaboy.對于一個男孩來說,3000美元是一筆大數(shù)目。三、就近一致原則1.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等連接的短語作主語,謂語動詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語保持一致。Either

you

or

one

of

your

students

istoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.或者你,或者你學(xué)生中的一位要去參加定于明天的會議。2.由there,here引起的主語不止一個時,謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。There

arethreebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有三本書和一支鋼筆。小題快練

單句語法填空1.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,

(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.

2.Allweneed

(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.

wasgiven

考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。主語為單數(shù),盡管其后有as

well

as引起的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式;由時間狀語last

week可知,應(yīng)用一般過去時。此外,由于主語Amy與動詞give之間是被動關(guān)系,故需用被動語態(tài)。

is

考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)表語a

small

piece

of

land可知謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,而根據(jù)從句的時態(tài)可知所填詞用一般現(xiàn)在時。3.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse

(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.

4.Onethirdofthecountry

(be)coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens

(be)blackpeople.

is

being

built考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。that從句中的主語是house,為單數(shù),many

a

new是修飾語,所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;由at

present可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。此外,由于house與動詞build之間為被動關(guān)系,故此處還需用被動語態(tài)。isare考查主謂一致。由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語及“the

majority

of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語,其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中of后面名詞的數(shù)而定。技法圖解【例1】It

(go)likethis:“Lastlanternfestival,theflowerfairdecoratedwithlightswasdaylightbright.Wemetafterduskwhenthemoonrosebehindwillowtrees.Thisyearthemoonandlanternsarestillthesame,yetyouarenothereanymore.Iamsad,withtearsshedonthesleevesofmyspringcoat.”

分析:解本題時要根據(jù)主語的人稱。It為第三人稱單數(shù),根據(jù)語法一致原則可知謂語