2023版高考英語一輪總復習檢測十主旨要義

專題十主旨要義

Passage1

Unicyclesareone-wheeledvehiclesthatdevelopedfromtheoriginalbicycle,

thePennyFarthing,whichconsistedofalargefrontwheelandamuchsmallerback

wheel.Whenthisbikehitbumps（凸塊）orsuddenlysloweddown,thebackwheelcame

offtheground,somanyriderslearnedtobalanceonjustthefrontwheel.Thus,

bicyclemakersbeganmakingvehicleswithjustonewheel.

Someofthebenefitsofridingaunicycleincludeburningcalories,and

increasingyourlevelsofcoordination（協(xié)調），concentrationandbalance.Because

unicyclesdonthaveanyhandlebars,ridersmustbalanceusingonlytheirabdominal

（腹部的）musclesandlegmuscles.ThiShelpsyoubuildahealthiercore.Longcycling

sessionsalsoincreaseyourheartrate,whichcanleadtoahealthiercardiovascular

（心血管的）system.Ridingaunicycleisaneffectivewaytogetinalow-impact

workoutforthosewithdamagedkneesandlegs.

Unicyclingisafunactivityregardlessofyourabilitylevel.Ridingaunicycle

isself-motivatingandpsychologicallystimulatingbecauseyouwillnotice

improvementseachtimeyouride.Somepeoplefindthatitgivesthemfeelingsof

controlwhentheycanachievebalancingandridingonjustonewheel.

Someridersusetheirunicyclesastheirprimarymodeoftransportationforwork

orschool.Becauseunicyclesdontrequireanytypeoffuel,youcansavemoney

atthepump.Unicyclesalsohaveonlyafewmovingpartsthatmightbreak.Thismeans

thatyoutypicallydonthavetospendmuchmoneyonrepairs.Youalsowontneed

tospendmoneyonstoringortransportingyourunicycle.

Unicyclingisasomewhatuncommonactivity.Becauseofthis,asenseofunity

tendstogrowamongunicycleriders.Manyriderstravelsignificantdistancesjust

togoonridesandspendtimewithotherunicyclists.Unicyclingisoftenafamily

activity,andridingtogethercanbringfamilymemberscloser.

1.Whywastheone-wheeledvehiclecreated?

A.BecauseitwasmorebeneficialtooneShealth.

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B.Becauseitwasmorelikelytoavoidroadbumps.

C.Becausethefrontwheelonlycouldalsobeusedforbalancing.

D.Becauseabicyclesbackwheelwasntfixedwell.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"This"inParagraph2referto?

Λ.Havingahandlebar.B.Stoppingaunicycle.

C.Increasingstrength.D.Balancingaunicycle.

3.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Typicalfeaturesofcycling.

B.Basicmodesoftransportation.

C.Economicbenefitsofunicycling.

D.Waystostoreandtransportunicycles.

4.Thetextismainlywrittento.

?.introducebenefitsofunicycling

B.showhowunicyclesarespread

C.displayvarietiesofunicycles

D.advocateteenagerscycling

答案

[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。主題語境為人與社會,主題語境內容為科學與進步。本文介紹

了獨輪車的發(fā)明及其益處。

[?rrμ獨輪車的開發(fā)過程

burningcalories,andincreasing

[Para,2）-yourlevelsofc∞rdination,

concentrationandbalance

騎輪

獨

車來

帶

的處

益JPara.3}—SeIf-motivatingandpsychologically

'stimulating

[p*4?~savemoney

?（Para.51—asenseofunitytendstogrow

1.C細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:為什么發(fā)明獨輪車？根據(jù)第1段中的“Thus,bicycle

makersbeganmakingvehicleswithjustoneWheeL"（因此,自行車制造廠家開始制造

獨輪車）可知本句前面的句子“Whenthisbikehitbumps...,?gjjg嘆工jj?g???gg??蟻?g

balanceor?jqstthefrQntWhee1”（......所以許多騎手學會了只靠前輪保持平衡）為解本

題的關鍵句，故答案為C項（因為只有前輪也可被用來保持平衡）。

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2.D猜測詞義題。本題題干意為:第2段中畫線詞“This”指的是什么？根據(jù)前一句（因為

獨輪車沒有車把,所以騎手必須只用腹部肌肉和腿部肌肉來保持平衡。）可知答案為D項（平

衡獨輪車）。

3.C主旨要義題。本題題干意為:第4段的中心意思是什么？第4段主要講的是獨輪車在使

用、維修方面經濟實惠,不需要花許多錢,故答案為C項（騎獨輪車的經濟利益）O

4.Λ主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的主要寫作目的是o本文主要介紹了騎獨輪

車在健康、社交及經濟等方面的益處,故選A（介紹騎獨輪車的益處）。

Passage2

Chinesecuisineiswidelyknownandenjoyedallaroundtheworld.Whodoesnt

longforafavoriteChinesedish?Butthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerning

ChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofintheWest,andwhichisbecoming

increasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—theancientcustomof“tonicfood”.

Tonicfoodisfoodwhichisconsumedtoimproveoneswell-beingoravoid

sickness.Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesameoil

（麻油）hotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelieved

thatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,

stimulatesweating,andwarmthebody.Somefoods,suchasgoatmeatandspinach,

areseenas"hot",whileothers,suchasChinesecabbageandradish,areseenas

“cold”.Oneshouldbecarefulnottoeattoomuchofeither"hot"or“cold”

food.However,howmuch“hot"or"cold"foodoneshouldeatdependsonthetime

oftheyear,howthefoodispreparedandwhatitispreparedwith,andthe

individualshealth.

Thecustomofemployingtonicfoodsforahealthierlifealsoinfluencesthe

Cateringindustry.Chineseherbalmedicine,suchaswolfberry（枸杞），canbefound

onmanyarestaurantmenu,eitheraddedtofruitteaorasabeneficialaddition

toadish.Theseherbsattractcustomers,suchasover-workedofficestaff,inneed

ofamodestpick-me-up.

So,whetheryouneedtoboostyourstrengthwithalargehelpingofchickensoup,

orincreaseyourmentalpowerswithaservingofpigsbrainsoup,youmayfind

thatthisancientChinesecustomcouldbejustthetonicyouwerelookingfor.

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1.Whatisthepresentsituationoftonicfood?

A.Itiscatchinglessattention.

B.Itisenjoyedbymanyyoungpeople.

C.Itiswellknownworldwide.

D.Itisbecomingincreasinglypopular.

2.Whatisbelievedtobenefitnewmothers?

A.Chinesecabbage.B.Fruittea.

C.Asesameoilhotpot.D.Pigsbrainsoup.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“catering“underlinedinParagraph3?

A.Medicine.B.Restaurant.C.Education.D.Fashion.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheCharmofChineseCuisine

B.ThePopularityofTonicFood

C.AnIntroductiontoChineseTonicFood

D.DifferencesbetweenHotFoodandColdFood

答案

［語篇解讀］這是一篇說明文。主題語境為人與社會,主題語境內容為中國傳統(tǒng)飲食文化。

文章介紹了中國古老的“食補”習俗的現(xiàn)狀、功效以及滋補食品對現(xiàn)代餐飲業(yè)的影響。

―(PHmI中國滋補食品的現(xiàn)狀

(Chinz］(para??中國滋補食品的功效

啜；仙.—恒己一中國滋補食品對現(xiàn)代餐飲業(yè)的影晌

TPara.4：倡導人們食用滋補食品

1.A細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:滋補食品的現(xiàn)狀是怎樣的?根據(jù)第一段中BUtthereis

oneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofinthe

West,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—the

ancientcustomofαtonicfood”.(但關于中國食品有一個有趣的觀念---古老的“食補”

習俗,它在西方幾乎是聞所未聞,在東方也越來越被年輕人忽略。)可知：“食補”習俗如今越

來越不受關注了，故選A項。

2.C細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:人們認為什么對產婦有益?根據(jù)第二段中Forinstance,

itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesameoilhotpoteverydayfor

thefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelievedthatthisdishwouldbenefit

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themuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatesweating,andwarmthe

body.（例如,在過去產婦在生完孩子第一個月里,每天都要吃麻油火鍋,這是一種習俗。人們

認為這道菜對肌肉有益,減少疼痛,促進血液循環(huán),刺激出汗,使身體暖和。）可知：人們認為麻

油火鍋對產婦有益,故選C項。

3.B猜測詞義題。本題題干意為:下列哪一項能最好解釋第三段中的畫線詞“catering”？

根據(jù)后文Chineseherbalmedicine,suchaswolfberry,canbefoundonmanya

restaurantmenu,eitheraddedtofruitteaorasabeneficialadditiontoadish.（中

草藥,如枸杞,可以在許多餐館的菜單上找到。枸杞可以添加到果茶中，也可以作為菜肴有益

的添加物。）可知：thecateringinduStry意為“餐飲業(yè)”，故選B項。

4.C主旨要義題o本題題干意為:本文的合適的題目是什么？文章第一段介紹了中國滋補食

品的現(xiàn)狀,第二段介紹了中國滋補食品的功效;第三段介紹了中國滋補食品對現(xiàn)代餐飲業(yè)的

影響;第四段倡導人們食用滋補食品。由此可推知本文是對中國滋補食品的介紹，故答案為C

項。

Passage3

FromthemoontoMars,scientistshavebeenhuntingforalienlifeinthesolar

systemfordecades.However,Venuswasnotregardedasanidealplacebecauseof

itshottemperatureanddryatmosphere.Butarecentdiscoveryoftracesofagas

inthecloudsofVenushasexcitedastronomers,asitmayserveasapotentialsign

oflife.

OnSept.14,theRoyalAstronomicalSocietyofCanadaannouncedthatscientists

havedetectedphosphine（磷化氫）inthecloudsofVenus.Phosphineisacolorless,

toxicgasthathasasmellofgarlic.Thoughitcontainspoison,itisviewedas

apossiblesignoflifebecauseonEarththegasismadebymicro-OrganiSmS（微生

物）thatliveinoxygen-freeenvironments.

“Iwasverysurprised—stunned,infact,“astronomerJaneGreavesofCardiff

UniversityinWalesandleadauthoroftheresearchtoldMSN."Thereisachance

thatwehavedetectedsomekindoflivingorganisminthecloudsofVenus.”

Thislayerofcloudsisabout48kilometersabovetheVenussurfacewithits

temperaturerangingfrom30to200degreesFahrenheit（about-1to93oC）.Scientists

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haveassumedthatiflifeexistsonVenus,thisclouddeck（云蓋）islikelytheonly

placewhereitwouldsurvive.

Scientistswentthrougheverypossibilitythatcouldhaveledtotheformation

ofphosphinegasinVenusclouds,includingvolcanoes,lightningstrikes,andsmall

meteorites（隕石）fallingintotheatmosphere.Buttheyruledallofthemout.It

wasconcludedthatthereisnoexplanationfortheexistenceofthisgasinVenus

clouds,otherthanthepresenceoflife,USATodayreported.Althoughthedetection

ofphosphineisnotstrongevidenceforlife,thisfindingisgreatenoughtochange

scientistsviewonVenus,whichisthoughttobeacompletelyinhospitable

適合居住的）planet.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“toxic“inParagraph2mean?

A.Waste.B.Poisonous.

C.Useful.D.Clean.

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Theclouddeckisrichinphosphine.

B.ThehigherthecloudisaboveVenus,thewarmeritis.

C.VariouslivingorganismshavebeendetectedonVenus.

D.IflifeexistsonVenus,itislikelyintheclouddeck.

3.WhatdidscientistsconcludeaboutthephosphinegasdetectedonVenus?

A.Itcouldbeformedasaresultofthefallingofmeteorites.

B.ItcouldbeasignthatthereislifeinVenusclouds.

C.Itcouldbecausedbyvolcanoesandlightningstrikes.

D.ItprovesthatVenusisanotherhospitableplanet.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.AnewlydetectedgasmayindicatepossibleexistenceoflifeonVenus.

B.ScientistsfoundthemosthospitableplaceonVenus.

C.PhosphinethathasbeenformedonVenusmeansalienlifeispresent.

D.TheenvironmentonVenuschangedinfavoroflife.

答案

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［語篇解讀］本文是一篇新聞報道。主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內容為宇宙探索?？茖W

家們在金星的云層中檢測到了磷化氫,這表明金星上可能存在生命。

1.B猜測詞義題。本題題干意為:第二段中畫線詞“toxic”是什么意思?根據(jù)第二段中的

“ThoughitisviewedasapossiblesignoflifebecauseonEarth

thegasismadebymicro-organismsthatliveinoxygen-freeenvironments.“（盡管

它含有有毒物質,但它被視為可能存在生命的跡象,因為在地球上,這種氣體是由生活在無氧

環(huán)境中的微生物產生的。）可知畫線詞toxic意為“有毒的”，故答案為B項。

2.D細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:從本文中我們可以了解什么？根據(jù)第四段中的

“Scientistshaveassumedthat］￡其￡殳里］區(qū)"ff?YwRjj?…±?WJ?9Udj?±KJ?JJK?IY

SWj?n］y-衛(wèi)LaCW~??ιwmL^L?里奧I（LEUI?lY??”（科學家們認為,如果金星上存在生命,那么這

個云蓋可能是生命存活的唯一地方。）可知本題答案為D項。

3.B推理判斷題。本題題干意為:關于在金星上探測到的磷化氫氣體,科學家得出了什么結

論？根據(jù)第四段中的uScientistshaveassumedthatiflifeexistsonVenus,thiscloud

deckislikelytheonlyplacewhereitwouldSUrViVe.”（科學家們認為，如果金星上

存在生命,那么這個云蓋可能是生命存活的唯一地方。）及最后一段中的“Itwasconcluded

thatthereisnoexplanationfortheexistenceofthisgasinVenusclouds,other

thanthepresenceoflife,USATodayreported.”（據(jù)《今日美國》報道，得出的結論是，

除了生命的存在,無法解釋金星云層中這種氣體的存在。）可知:關于在金星上探測到的磷化

氫氣體,科學家認為這可能是金星云層中存在生命的跡象。故答案為B項。

4.A主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文主要是關于什么內容的?根據(jù)第一段中的“Buta

recentdiscoveryoftracesofagasinthecloudsofVenushasexcitedastronomers,

asitmayserveasapotentialsignoflife."（但最近在金星云層中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種氣體

令天文學家們興奮不已,因為它可能是生命的潛在跡象。）以及第二段中的“OnSept.14,the

RoyalAstronomicalSocietyofCanadaannouncedthatscientistshavedetected

phosphineinthecloudsofVenUS.”（9月14日，加拿大皇家天文學會宣布,科學家們在

金星的云層中檢測到了磷化氫。）可知:本文主要講述了一種新探測到的氣體（磷化氫）表明金

星上可能存在生命。故答案為A項。

Passage4

Ittakesjustfourminutesforbraincellstobepermanentlydamagedduetoa

severelackofoxygenincasesofsuddencardiacarrest（心臟停搏）,Ifmedicalworkers

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donotarriveatthesceneofsuchemergencieswithin10minutes,thechancesof

avictimsurvivingareminimal.

InSeptember,a45-year-oldmanfellunconsciousatHuoyingStationonLine13

oftheBeijingSubway.Hediedlaterinthehospital,despiteattemptsbytwo

passengerstorevivehimbyusingcardiopulmonaryresuscitation,orCPR.However,

ifanautomatedexternaldefibrillator,orAED,hadbeenavailableatthescene,

themanschancesofsurvivalwouldhavebeengreatlyimproved.

AnAEDcanrecognizeanabnormalheartrhythmandquicklycorrectitthrough

anelectricshock.Thedevicesareviewedinmedicalcirclesasamoreefficient

andeffectivemethodofsavinglivesinemergenciesthanusingCPR.Afterabrief

trainingperiod,peoplewithnomedicalknowledgecanmasterthebasicskillsneeded

touseanAED.

InMaylastyear,astudentatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijingfaintedina

dormitoryafterexperiencingheadsweats.SeveralstudentsbegantoperformCPRand

alsousedanewlyinstalledAEDtohelpthestrickenfreshman.Aftertwoelectric

shockswereadministered,thestudentsheartbeatwasrestoredandhewassent

tothehospitalforfurthertreatment.Anemergencydoctorfromthehospitalwho

attendedthescenesaiditwashighlylikelythestudentwouldhavedied,hadnot

aseriesofthecorrectfirst-aidmeasuresbeenapplied,alongwiththeAED.

PeiZheng,astaffmemberfromTsinghuaUniversitysPolicyResearchOffice,

saiditwasurealIycool,,thatAEDswereavailableattheinstitution."Its

sogoodthatwehavetheselife-savingmachinesoncampus,otherwisewewouldhave

heardtragicnews,“shesaid.Thedeviceshavebeeninstalledaroundthecampus

instages.

1.WhatcanweinferabouttheAED?

A.Itisquiteeasytolearntouseit.

B.Itisavailablenationwide.

C.Ithassavedmanylives.

D.Itisinventedbymedicalworkers.

2.?45-year-oldmanandastudentarementionedinthetextto.

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?.makecomparisonsinage

B.stressthefunctionofCPR

C.showtheefficiencyoftheAED

D.raisetheawarenessofheartattacks

3.WhyhaveAEDsbeeninstalledaroundthecampusofTsinghuaUniversity?

Λ.Tosafeguardstudentshealth.

B.Tomakethecampusmorebeautiful.

C.Toapplyknowledgetopractice.

D.TomakeitconvenienttolearntouseΛEDs.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Heartattackscanbeprevented.

B.Firstaidshouldbelearnedwidely.

C.Universitiesareequippedwithnewdevices.

D.Life-savingdevicescometotherescue.

答案

［語篇解讀］這是一篇說明文。主題語境為人與社會,主題語境內容為科技發(fā)展。本文介紹

了新的急救裝置一一自動體外除顫器（AED）,它能在心臟停搏時起到救命的作用。

1.Λ推理判斷題。本題題干意為：對于自動體外除顫器,我們可以推斷出什么？根據(jù)文章第

三段中的“Afterabrieftrainingperiod,peoplewithnomedicalknowledgecanmaster

thebasicskillsneededtouseanAED.”（沒有醫(yī)學知識的人只要通過簡單的培訓就會

掌握使用自動體外除顫器的基本技能）可推斷出很容易學會使用AED,故答案為A項。

2.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:文中提及一名45歲的男性和一名學生是為了o根

據(jù)文章第二段中的uHowever,ifanautomatedexternaldefibrillator,orAED,hadbeen

availableatthescene,themanSchancesofsurvivalwouldhavebeengreatly

improved."（然而,如果現(xiàn)場有一個自動體外除顫器,這個人的生存機會就會大大提高。）和

第四段中的"itwashighlylikelythestudentwouldhavedied,hadnotaseriesof

thecorrectfirst-aidmeasuresbeenapplied,alongwiththeAED,,（如果沒有采取一

系列正確的急救措施和使用自動體外除顫器,這名學生很可能已經死亡）可知在急救過程中

有沒有自動體外除顫器,急救的結果是截然不同的，由此可推知文中提及一名45歲的男性和

一名學生的目的是表明自動體外除顫器的功效，故答案為C項。

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3.Λ推理判斷題O本題題干意為:為什么在清華大學校園安裝自動體外除顫器?根據(jù)文章最

后一段中的“Itssogoodthatwehavetheselife-savingmachinesoncampus,

otherwisewewouldhaveheardtragicnews,,可推斷出清華大學校園里安裝自動體外除

顫器是為了保障學生們的健康。故選A項。

4.D主旨要義題。本題題干意為：本文的主旨是什么？通讀整篇文章可知文章通過兩個例

子來講述自動體外除顫器的功能和在緊急情況下能救命的作用，故選D項。

Passage5

SarahMoorerushedhertwo-year-olddaughterLacieMooretohospitalaftershe

washurt.TheworriedmumfromMorecambe,Lancashire,lefthercaronadoubleyellow

lineoutsidetheLancasterhospitalandracedinsidewithherdaughter.WhenSarah

returnedtohercar,ratherthanfindingaparkingticket,shesurprisedlydiscovered

ahand-writtennote,sayingthattheyhad“SWent-talked“thetrafficwarden（交

通管理員）intonotgivingheraticket.

“Theydidnthavetodothat-itmadethingsaloteasier,“thegratefulmum

said,aIwasfu11yexpectingtocomeoutofthehospitalandtohaveaparkingticket,

andIhadcometotermswiththat.”

ThedramaticeveningbeganontheeveningofJuly2whenLaciesplitherhead

openonthehinge（較鏈）ofadoor.Lacierippedonthecarpetandhitthehinge.

WhenSarahpickedheruptherewasbloodeverywhere.ItterrifiedSarah,whoquickly

switchedtoactionmode.TherewasnotimetocallforanambulancesoSarahjust

putherinthecarandgothertherein15minutes.Itwasscary.

WhenshearrivedatthehospitalSarahignoredthewarningsofambulancestaff

aboutpotentialtrafficwardensandracedinside.Thenoteshefoundonhercarwhen

shereturnedmadesureadifficultdaywasmadejustalittlebiteasier.Itread:

“Goodafternoon,wenoticedyouleftyourcarhereasyourushedyourchildinto

A&E,（Wetriedtowarnyouaboutgettingaticket.）Wespokewiththetrafficwarden

andtoldhimaboutyoursituationandmanagedtosweet-talkhimintolettingyou

offunderthecircumstances.Hewantedustoletyouknowthatyoucanleaveitin

theambulancebayacrosstheroad.Wehopeyourlittleoneisokay.Kindestregards.”

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordusweet-talked^inParagraph1mean?

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?.Tricksomebodywithsomesweets.

B.Persuadesomebodyinapleasantway.

C.Confusesomebodywithsweetwords.

D.Convincesomebodywithsolidevidence.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutSarah?

Λ.Sheinjuredherdaughterathome.

B.Shewaspunishedforbreakingtrafficrules.

C.Shethoughtshewouldpayaparkingfine.

D.Noonenoticedherwhensheparkedhercar.

3.WhowrotethenoteforSarah?

A.Passers-by.B.Trafficwardens.

C.DoctorsinA&E.D.Ambulancestaff.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthistext?

Λ.ASweetSurprise

B.ALuckyMother

C.AGenerousWarden

D.AThoughtfulParkingTicket

答案

［語篇解讀］這是一篇記敘文。主題語境為人與社會,主題語境內容為社會交往。Sarah

MOOre在帶孩子到醫(yī)院就醫(yī)時，因孩子傷情緊急而違規(guī)停車，目睹此情形的急救人員為她向

交通管理員求情,從而為她免去了罰單。

1.B猜測詞義題。本題題干意為:第一段中的畫線詞“sweet-talked”是什么意思?根據(jù)第

一段內容可知,SarahMoore把車停在了雙黃線上,違反了交通規(guī)則,但讓她吃驚的是她回來

后看到車上沒有貼罰單,而是有一張手寫的便條;再結合第四段中提到的便條內容“Wespoke

withthetrafficwardenandtoldhimaboutyoursituationandmanagedtosweet-talk

himintolettingyouoffundertheCirCUmStanCeS.（我們和交通管理員談了談,告訴了

他關于你的情況,并設法用甜言蜜語說服他在這種情況下放了你。）”可以推測，

“sweet-talked”指用甜言蜜語說服了交通管理員不要給Sarah開罰單。選項B“用令人愉

快的方式說服某人”與之意義相近,故選B項。

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2.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:對于Sarah我們知道什么？根據(jù)第二段中“Iwasfully

expectingtocomeoutofthehospitalandtohaveaparkingticket,andIhadcome

totermswiththat."（我滿心期待著從醫(yī)院出來,并等著收到一張違規(guī)停車罰單,我是會接

受的。）可知，SarahMOore清楚自己違規(guī)停車并且預料自己會因此被罰款。故選C項。

3.D細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:是誰給Sarah寫了那張便條?根據(jù)第四段中"Whenshe

arrivedatthehospitalSarahignoredthewarningsofambulancestaffaboutpotential

trafficwardensandracedinside.,,可得知，寫便條的人是曾經提醒過SarahMoore的救

護人員。故選D項。

4.Λ主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的最佳題目是什么？全文圍繞SarahMOore意外收到

的善意便條展開,介紹了她因急著帶孩子就醫(yī)而違規(guī)停車以及急救人員說服交通管理員免開

罰單的事。選項A"ASweetSuprise（甜蜜的驚喜）”最能概括文章的主旨大意。故選A項。

Passage6

Mostofushavesomethingaboutusthatwerenot100%inlovewith,suchas

animpulsivestreakorashorttemper.Whatifthosepersonalitytraits（個性特

征）couldbeimprovedwithdailyuseofasmartphoneapp?Thatwasthefocusofa

newstudyfromaninternationalresearchteamledbytheUniversityofZurich.

"Personalitytraitspredictseveralimportantaspectsoflifesuchassuccess

atwork,healthandevenalonglife,“saysfirstauthorMirjamStieger,PhD,of

BrandeisUniversityinWaltham,Massachusetts."Sowewantedtotestwhetherpeople

canactivelyshapetheirpersonalitytraitswiththehelpofadigital

intervention（干預）withinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.”

Around1,500participantswereprovidedwithaspeciallydevelopedsmartphone

appcalledPEACHforthreemonths.Ontheapp,avirtualcompanioncommunicatedwith

theparticipantsdailyandprovidedsupporttohelpthemmakethechangesthey

desired.Andparticipantsweredividedintotwogroups—aninterventiongroupand

awaitlistcontrolgroup.Participantsinthewaitlistcontrolgroupselectedand

indicatedtheirchangegoalsbeforeaone-monthwaitingperiod,andthenthey

receivedthesamethree-monthinterventionastheinterventiongroup.

Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantsinthewaitlistcontrolgroupdidnt

changetheirpersonalitytraitsduringtheone-monthwaitingperiod,but

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participantswhoreceivedtheinterventionreportedchangesinthedesireddirection.

“Wealsofoundthatfriendsandfamilymemberswereabletodetectpersonality

changes,“Stiegersays."Anothersurprisingfindingwasthatmostparticipants

wereabletomaintain（維持）theirpersonalitytraitchangesuntilthreemonthsafter

theendoftheintervention.”

Whileappscouldbeusedtopromotepersonalitychange,mentalhealthexpert

KarenPeterswarns,itsimportanttoremembertheyarethereforsupportandnot

asasubstituteforanindividualschange."Theuseofanappitselfisntgoing

toinfluencechange-changeisinfluencedbyinternalmotivation,“shesays."The

newstudydemonstratesthispointbydeterminingthatchangeoutcomeswerein

agreementwiththeindividualsdesiretochange.”

1.WhydoestheauthoraskthequestioninParagraph1?

A.Toputforwardaproblem.

B.Torecommendamethod.

C.Toleadintherecentstudy.

D.Tocomeupwithanewconcept.

2.Whatwereparticipantsaskedtodointhenewstudy?

Λ.Settheirchangegoals.B.Detectotherschanges.

C.Helptheircompanions.D.Getridofdailyapps.

3.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?

A.Mostoftheparticipantspersonalitieswereunstable.

B.Digitalinterventionmadenodifferencetopersonalities.

C.Theuseofanappalonecouldshapepersonalitytraits.

D.Theparticipantspersonalitychangeswerenoticeable.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

Λ.AreYourPersonalityTraitsOutofControl?

B.AreYouinLovewithYourPersonalityTraits?

C.CanaSmartphoneAppChangeYourPersonality?

D.CanDigitalInterventionDeterminePersonalDesire?

答案

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［語篇解讀］本文為說明文。主題語境為人與社會,主題語境內容為科技發(fā)展。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，

人們可以通過使用智能手機應用程序改變他們的個性特征。

1.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:在第一段作者為什么提出一個問題?根據(jù)第一段中“That

wasthefocusofanewstudyfromaninternationalresearchteamledbytheUniversity

OfZUrich."（那是蘇黎世大學領導的一個國際研究小組的一項新研究的重點。）可推知提問

的目的是引入最新的研究，故答案為C項。

2.A細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:在這項新研究中，參與者被要求做什么事情?根據(jù)第三段

中''…tohelpthemmaket.3,她國超理工My照ife.d.n及uParticipantsinthewaitlist

controlgroupSeIeCtedandindicatedtheir.Changegoalsbeforeaone-monthwaiting

PeriOd”（參加對照組的人員在一個月的等待期之前選擇并表明他們的改變目標）可知在此項

研究中,參與者被要求預先確定自己的變化目標,故答案為A項。

3.D細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:這項新研究有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)?根據(jù)第四段內容（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，

對照組的參與者在一個月的等待期間其性格特征沒有發(fā)生變化,但接受干預的參與者報告了

他們在預期方向上有所變化。接受干預的參與者的朋友和家人也能夠察覺到他們人格的變化。

另外一個令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)是,大多數(shù)參與者能夠保持他們性格特征的變化,直到干預結束的

三個月后）可知答案為D項。

4.C主旨要義題。本題題干意為:本文的合適題目是什么?通讀全文，尤其是文章第一段中

的rtWhatifthosepersonalitytraitscouldbeimprovedwithdailyuseofasmartphone

app?”（如果那些性格特征可以通過日常使用智能手機應用程序得到改善,會怎么樣呢?）及第

二段中的“SoWe