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MedicalStatistics(醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué))智慧樹(shù)知到期末考試答案2024年MedicalStatistics(醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué))Inaclinicaltrialstudy,thecurativeeffectisdividedintofourlevels:"cured,markedlyeffective,effectiveandineffective".Now,tocomparethetreatmenteffectbetweenthetestgroupandthecontrolgroup,theappropriatestatisticalmethodis()

A:ChisquaretestforindependentfourfoldtableB:WilcoxonranksumtestC:FisherexacttestD:Contingencychisquaretest答案:chi-squaretestForgroupcomparisonofmedicalmetrologydata,comparedwithparametrictest,theadvantageofnonparametricranksumtestis()

A:highinspectionefficiencyB:wideapplicationrangeC:moreaccurateinspectionresultsD:makefulluseofdataandinformation答案:wideapplicationrangeThereisnodefinitevalueatthelargeendofasetofmedicaldata,andtheapplicablestatisticalindextodescribeitscentertendencyis()

A:MedianB:GeometricmeanC:PercentileD:Mean答案:MedianForthepopulationwithnormalskewdistribution,whenthesamplesizeislargeenough,thedistributionofthesamplemeanisapproximately()

A:normaldistributionB:negativeskewdistributionC:tdistributionD:positiveskewdistribution答案:normaldistributionWhichofthefollowingstatisticalchartthatordinatesmuststartfrom0()

A:scatterchartB:straightbarchartC:percentstraightbarchartD:Ordinarylinechart答案:barchartFordatawithapproximatenormaldistribution,theindextobeusedtodescribethedegreeofvariationis()

A:RangeB:Inter-quartilerangeC:StandarddeviationD:Coefficientofvariance答案:StandarddeviationWhendrawinganyfigure,thestartingscaleoftheverticalcoordinatemustbe"0".()

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)答案:對(duì)Intheexperimentaldesign,theestimatedsamplesizeshouldbeasmuchaspossibleiftheeconomyallows.()

A:正確B:錯(cuò)誤答案:正確Whenthemeanofthetwosamplesiscompared,ifP>0.05aftert-test,itindicatesthatthemeanofthetwopopulationsinthecomparisongroupisequal.()

A:錯(cuò)誤B:正確答案:正確The95%confidenceintervalofthedifferencebetweenthetwomeanscanalsoreflectwhetherthedifferencebetweenthetwomeansisstatisticallysignificant.()

A:錯(cuò)誤B:正確答案:正確Thesmallerthepvalue,thesmallertheprobabilityofrejectingtheH0.()

A:正確B:錯(cuò)誤答案:正確ToreflectthechangeofhepatitisAincidencerateinacityfor5consecutiveyears,whichtypeofgraphshouldweselect?()

A:linechartB:percentagebarchartC:histogramD:barchart答案:AI參考:正確答案是D:barchart(條形圖)。\n\n條形圖適合展示不同類別的數(shù)據(jù)之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系,可以直觀地反映出數(shù)據(jù)的增減變化趨勢(shì)。題目中描述的是連續(xù)5年的肝病A發(fā)病率的變化情況,所以應(yīng)該選擇條形圖來(lái)展示。選項(xiàng)A、B、C都不符合題意。因此,答案為D。'Whencomparisonofmeanvaluesoftwosamples,ifthetestresultsshowP>0.05,itmeans()

A:thedifferencebetweenthetwopopulationmeansislargeB:donotsupporttheconclusionthatthetwopopulationsaredifferentC:thedifferencebetweenthetwopopulationmeansissmallD:Supporttheconclusionthatthetwopopulationsarenotdifferent答案:AI參考:當(dāng)兩個(gè)樣本的均值進(jìn)行比較時(shí),如果測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示P>0.05,這意味著:D:支持兩個(gè)總體差異不大的結(jié)論。\n\n解釋:P值是用來(lái)衡量假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果可信度的統(tǒng)計(jì)量,P值越大,說(shuō)明原假設(shè)(即兩個(gè)總體之間沒(méi)有差異)的可信度越高。如果P值大于0.05,則說(shuō)明兩個(gè)總體之間的差異并不顯著,也就是說(shuō)不能支持原假設(shè)。因此,選項(xiàng)D“支持兩個(gè)總體差異不大的結(jié)論”是正確的。選項(xiàng)A和B都過(guò)于絕對(duì),選項(xiàng)C則與題目中的信息不符。'LetthevariableofpairedsamplesbeX1andX2,thentheranksumtestofpaireddatais()

A:sortX1andX2fromsmalltolargeB:sortthedifferencebetweenX1andX2fromsmalltolargeC:sortbyX1andX2fromsmalltolargerespectivelyD:sorttheabsolutevalueofthedifferencebetweenX1andX2fromsmalltolarge答案:AI參考:正確答案是D:sorttheabsolutevalueofthedifferencebetweenX1andX2fromsmalltolarge。\n對(duì)配對(duì)樣本變量X1和X2進(jìn)行秩和檢驗(yàn)時(shí),需要將X1和X2之間的差值的絕對(duì)值從小到大排序。因此,選項(xiàng)D是正確的。選項(xiàng)A、B和C都不正確,因?yàn)樗鼈儧](méi)有考慮到對(duì)差值進(jìn)行排序,而是分別對(duì)X1和X2進(jìn)行排序。'Randomerrorrefersto()

A:errorcausedbyimproperpopulationselectionB:errorcausedbyinaccuratemeasurementC:errorcausedbyaccidentalfactorsD:errorcausedbyoperationerror答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)是B:errorcausedbyinaccuratemeasurement。\n\n隨機(jī)誤差是指由于測(cè)量過(guò)程中不準(zhǔn)確、不精確等因素所引起的誤差,表現(xiàn)為在測(cè)量結(jié)果上呈現(xiàn)出某種程度的不一致或隨機(jī)性。隨機(jī)誤差是不受測(cè)量人員、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等因素影響的誤差,它是無(wú)法消除的,只能通過(guò)多次測(cè)量取平均值等方法來(lái)減小誤差。因此,選項(xiàng)B“errorcausedbyinaccuratemeasurement”是正確的答案。選項(xiàng)A、C、D都與隨機(jī)誤差的定義不符。'Theinevitableerrorindatacollectionis()

A:systematicerrorB:faulterrorC:recorderrorD:randomerror答案:AI參考:正確答案是D:randomerror,即“隨機(jī)誤差”。\n\n在數(shù)據(jù)收集過(guò)程中不可避免會(huì)出現(xiàn)誤差,其中隨機(jī)誤差是最常見(jiàn)的一種,它是由許多不可預(yù)測(cè)的因素引起的,如抽樣誤差、測(cè)量誤差、誤差累積等。系統(tǒng)誤差是有規(guī)律的誤差,而記錄誤差是由于記錄過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤,這些都是可以被分析和解決的。因此,根據(jù)題目描述,最合適的答案是D選項(xiàng):隨機(jī)誤差。'Theleastsquareestimationofregressioncoefficientis()

A:verticaldistancefromeachpointtoymeanstraightlineB:horizontaldistancefromeachpointtothex-meanstraightlineC:horizontaldistancefromeachpointtothex-axisD:verticaldistancefromeachpointtoregressionstraightline答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)是D:verticaldistancefromeachpointtoregressionstraightline,即回歸直線的垂直距離。最小二乘法估計(jì)回歸系數(shù),是將每個(gè)點(diǎn)與回歸直線之間的垂直距離作為最小化誤差的依據(jù),從而得到回歸系數(shù)。因此,選項(xiàng)D是正確的答案。其他選項(xiàng)A、B、C都與最小二乘法的原理不符。'Eachobservationvalueisadded(orsubtracted)bythesamenumbernotequalto0,then()

A:bothunchangedB:meanunchanged,standarddeviationchangedC:meanchanged,standarddeviationunchangedD:bothchanged答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)是【B:meanunchanged,standarddeviationchanged】。\n\n根據(jù)題目描述,每個(gè)觀測(cè)值都被加上(或減去)了相同的非零數(shù)字,因此平均值不變,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差改變。這是因?yàn)槠骄凳撬杏^測(cè)值之和除以觀測(cè)值的個(gè)數(shù),而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差則是所有觀測(cè)值與平均值的差的平方的平均值的平方根。當(dāng)觀測(cè)值被加上(或減去)非零數(shù)字時(shí),它們的絕對(duì)值會(huì)增加(或減少),但它們的相對(duì)大小不變,因此平均值不變。但是,這些絕對(duì)值的和會(huì)增加(或減少)總和,從而導(dǎo)致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差改變。因此,選項(xiàng)B是正確的。'Assumingthatthemeanheightofagroupof7-year-oldboysis110cm,thestandarddeviationis5cm,themeanweightofthesamegroupis25kg,andthestandarddeviationis3kg,theconclusionofcomparingvariationbetweenthetwovariableis()

A:theunitsaredifferentandcannotbecompared.B:thevariationdegreeofheightisequaltothatofweight.C:thevariationdegreeofheightislessthanthatofweight.D:thevariationdegreeofheightisgreaterthanthatofweight.答案:AI參考:正確答案是D:thevariationdegreeofheightisgreaterthanthatofweight.。\n\n根據(jù)題目中給出的身高平均值和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,可以得出身高變量的變化程度大于體重變量。因此,選項(xiàng)D是正確的結(jié)論。選項(xiàng)A和B都是錯(cuò)誤的,因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)變量的單位不同,不能直接進(jìn)行比較;選項(xiàng)C也是錯(cuò)誤的,因?yàn)轭}目中沒(méi)有給出身高和體重之間的具體關(guān)系,無(wú)法確定它們之間的變化程度大小。'Thepurposeofcalculatingstandardizedmortalityis()

A:facilitatethecomparisonofmortalityratesindifferentregionsB:reducingsamplingerrorsinmortalityestimatesC:eliminatetheimpactofdifferentinternalcompositionindifferentregionsD:reducingbiasinmortalityestimates答案:AI參考:正確答案是A:facilitatethecomparisonofmortalityratesindifferentregions。\n\n計(jì)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化死亡率的目的在于便于不同地區(qū)死亡率之間的比較,因此選項(xiàng)A是正確的。選項(xiàng)B、C、D雖然也與死亡率有關(guān),但不符合題目要求。'Comparedwiththemedian,thearithmeticmeanischaracterizedby()

A:moresuitableforskewdistributiondataB:largersamplingerrorC:notsusceptibletoextremevaluesD:beabletomakefulluseofdatainformation答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)是D:beabletomakefulluseofdatainformation\n\n算術(shù)平均數(shù)能夠充分利用數(shù)據(jù)信息,而中位數(shù)更適合于偏態(tài)分布數(shù)據(jù)。因此,算術(shù)平均數(shù)能夠更好地利用數(shù)據(jù)信息,而不是受到極端值的影響或具有更大的抽樣誤差。'Ifoneoftheactualnumbersinthefourgridtableis0,then()

A:Chisquaretestcorrectionisnotallowed.B:ItisnotyetpossibletodecidewhethertheChisquaretestcanbeperformedornot.C:ChisquaretestcorrectionmustbeusedD:ItiscertainthattheChisquaretestcorrectioncanbeperformed答案:AI參考:正確答案是【B:ItisnotyetpossibletodecidewhethertheChisquaretestcanbeperformedornot.】。\n\n原文中提到如果四格表中的實(shí)際數(shù)字之一為0,那么現(xiàn)在還不能決定是否可以進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn),因此選項(xiàng)B是正確的。選項(xiàng)A和D都是錯(cuò)誤的,因?yàn)槲闹胁](méi)有提到是否允許或確定進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn)的校正,而選項(xiàng)C也不正確,因?yàn)槲闹幸矝](méi)有提到必須使用卡方檢驗(yàn)校正。'Whichofthefollowingdatacanbefullydescribedbymeansofmeanandstandarddeviation?()

A:positiveskewdistributionB:normaldistributionandapproximatenormaldistributionC:symmetricdistributionD:negativeskewdistribution答案:AI參考:正確答案是B:normaldistributionandapproximatenormaldistribution。\n平均數(shù)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差可以全面描述正態(tài)分布和近似正態(tài)分布的數(shù)據(jù)。A選項(xiàng)描述的是正偏態(tài)分布,D選項(xiàng)描述的是負(fù)偏態(tài)分布,這兩者都需要結(jié)合偏態(tài)系數(shù)來(lái)分析。C選項(xiàng)對(duì)稱分布指的是左右兩側(cè)數(shù)值大致相等,并不涉及平均數(shù)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差。因此,只有B選項(xiàng)中的數(shù)據(jù)可以用平均數(shù)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差來(lái)全面描述。'InANOVA,whenp<0.05,()

A:ItcanbeconsideredthatthemeanofeachpopulationisnotequalB:ItcanbeconsideredthatthemeanvaluesofallpopulationsareunequalornotallequalC:ItcanbeconsideredthatthemeanofeachsampleisnotequalD:Theabovearenotcorrect答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng):【B:Itcanbeconsideredthatthemeanvaluesofallpopulationsareunequalornotallequal】\n\n在ANOVA中,當(dāng)p<0.05時(shí),可以考慮所有種群平均值不等或不全相等,所以選項(xiàng)B是正確的。選項(xiàng)A、C、D都不完全準(zhǔn)確。'Cured,markedlyeffective,improvedandineffectivebelongto()

A:noneoftheaboveB:measurementdataC:countdataD:gradedata答案:AI參考:答案:D\n推理過(guò)程:四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是描述數(shù)據(jù)的形式,而根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,有效、顯著有效、改善和無(wú)效是對(duì)治療效果的分級(jí),所以應(yīng)選D。\n答案D是最貼切的。題干所給選項(xiàng)是客觀事實(shí)。AC不考慮現(xiàn)實(shí)因素。B不恰當(dāng)。答案與預(yù)期完全吻合。故答案選D。\n這句話的意思是“無(wú)效、明顯有效、改善和無(wú)改變屬于評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)”,對(duì)應(yīng)的是治療效果的評(píng)估結(jié)果。\n而Noneoftheabove和上述都不屬于的情況是不符合常識(shí)的,應(yīng)該排除;而測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)(Measurementdata)指的是直接從測(cè)量?jī)x器得到的數(shù)字,沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)出分級(jí);計(jì)數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)(Countdata)是指觀察結(jié)果按性質(zhì)分類或排列順序,得到的分類數(shù)據(jù),也不符合語(yǔ)境。所以,正確答案只能是D:gradedata。'Whenthedifferencebetweenthetwosamplesisstatisticallysignificant,thegreaterthepvalueis,thegreaterthe()

A:themorereasontothinkthatthemeanvaluesofthetwopopulationsaredifferentB:thegreaterthedifferencebetweenthetwopopulationmeansC:ThemorereasontothinkthatthemeanvaluesofthetwosamplesaredifferentD:Thegreaterthedifferencebetweenthetwosamplemeans答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng):C:Themorereasontothinkthatthemeanvaluesofthetwosamplesaredifferent。\n\n根據(jù)題目描述,當(dāng)兩個(gè)樣本之間的差異在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上具有顯著性時(shí),p值越大,意味著認(rèn)為兩個(gè)樣本的均值不同的理由越多。因此,選項(xiàng)C是正確的。選項(xiàng)A和B與題目描述不符;選項(xiàng)D則將樣本均值混淆為總體均值,也是錯(cuò)誤的。'Thebasicideaoftheranksumtestforpairedsamplesisthatifthetesthypothesisistrue,()

A:theabsolutevaluesofpositiveandnegativeranksumsareequalB:theabsolutevaluesofpositiveranksumandnegativeranksumdiffergreatlyC:theaboveareallwrongD:theabsolutevaluesofpositiveandnegativeranksumsdonotdiffergreatly答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)是D:theabsolutevaluesofpositiveandnegativeranksumsdonotdiffergreatly。對(duì)配對(duì)樣本秩和檢驗(yàn)的基本思想是,如果原假設(shè)成立,則正負(fù)秩和的絕對(duì)值不會(huì)相差很大。因此,答案為D。'Correlationandregressionanalysiswerecarriedoutfortwonumericalvariablesatthesametime,correlationcoefficientRwasstatisticallysignificant(p<0.05),then()

A:RegressioncoefficientBstatisticallysignificantB:NotsureifRegressioncoefficientBisstatisticallysignificantC:NoneoftheaboveD:RegressioncoefficientBnotstatisticallysignificant答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)是【D:RegressioncoefficientBnotstatisticallysignificant】。\n\n根據(jù)題干描述,在進(jìn)行兩個(gè)數(shù)值變量的相關(guān)性和回歸分析時(shí),相關(guān)系數(shù)R具有統(tǒng)計(jì)顯著性(p<0.05),因此回歸系數(shù)B也應(yīng)該具有統(tǒng)計(jì)顯著性。但選項(xiàng)中只有D符合這一要求,因此D是正確答案。A和B選項(xiàng)都是錯(cuò)誤的,因?yàn)樗鼈兌及凳玖嘶貧w系數(shù)B具有統(tǒng)計(jì)顯著性,而C選項(xiàng)則完全錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)榛貧w系數(shù)B不具有統(tǒng)計(jì)顯著性是不正確的。'ToreducetheclassIIerrorofhypothesistest,themethodthatshouldbeusedis()

A:ReducetherandomerrorofmeasurementB:ReduceclassIerrorC:IncreasesamplesizeD:improvethetestbound答案:AI參考:正確答案是C:增加樣本量(Increasesamplesize)。\n為了減少假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)中的第二類錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)該采用的方法是增加樣本量,而不是減少隨機(jī)誤差、減少第一類錯(cuò)誤或改善測(cè)試邊界。因此,選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。'WhendoingtheANOVAofmultiplegroupmeancomparison.IfP<0.05,()

A:blockanalysisofvarianceB:t-testoftwomeansC:homogeneitytestofvarianceD:qtest答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)是【C:homogeneitytestofvariance】。\n\n當(dāng)進(jìn)行多組均值比較的ANOVA分析時(shí),如果P值小于0.05,則需要進(jìn)行方差齊性檢驗(yàn)(C選項(xiàng)),以確定各組數(shù)據(jù)是否具有相同的分布,這是進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步比較的前提。而選項(xiàng)A、B和D分別涉及了獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)、配對(duì)樣本t檢驗(yàn)和q檢驗(yàn),與題目要求不符。'Comparethefourpercentages,ifonetheoreticalnumberislessthan5,butgreaterthan1,andtheothersaregreaterthan5,then()

A:onlycorrectionChisquaretestcanbeperformedB:noChisquaretestcanbeperformedC:areasonablecombinationmustbemadefirstD:itisnotnecessarytocorrect答案:AI參考:正確答案是D:itisnotnecessarytocorrect。\n題目中給出的四個(gè)百分比中,其中一個(gè)理論數(shù)值小于5但大于1,而其他三個(gè)都大于5。在這種情況下,不需要進(jìn)行校正卡方檢驗(yàn),因?yàn)檫@四個(gè)百分比之間的差異不足以引起顯著性差異。因此,選項(xiàng)D是正確的。'Thebasicstepofmedicalstatisticsis()

A:Investigation,datacollection,dataprocessinganddataanalysisB:Statisticaldatacollection,dataprocessing,statisticaldescriptionandstatisticalinferenceC:Design,collect,processandanalyzedataD:Design,statisticaldescription,statisticalinference,statisticalchart答案:AI參考:正確答案是C:設(shè)計(jì),收集,處理和分析數(shù)據(jù)。\n\n醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)的基本步驟包括設(shè)計(jì)、數(shù)據(jù)收集、數(shù)據(jù)處理和數(shù)據(jù)分析。選項(xiàng)C中的“設(shè)計(jì),收集,處理和分析數(shù)據(jù)”恰好涵蓋了這些步驟,因此是正確答案。選項(xiàng)A中的“調(diào)查”和“數(shù)據(jù)分析”不是醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)的基本步驟;選項(xiàng)B中的“統(tǒng)計(jì)描述”和“統(tǒng)計(jì)推斷”是醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)中的重要步驟,但不是基本步驟;選項(xiàng)D中的“統(tǒng)計(jì)圖表”不是醫(yī)學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)的基本步驟。因此,選項(xiàng)C是唯一正確的答案。'Tocomparethepositivereactionratesofthetwogroups,ifthesamplesizeisverysmall(e.g.n1<10,n2<10),then()

A:FisherexacttestB:ChisquaretestcorrectionfortwoindependentsamplesfourfoldtableC:ChisquaretestforpairedsamplesD:Chisquaretestfortwoindependentsamplesfourfoldtable答案:AI參考:正確答案是D:Chisquaretestfortwoindependentsamplesfourfoldtable。\n\n這是一個(gè)關(guān)于兩組樣本陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)率比較的問(wèn)題,當(dāng)樣本量非常?。ɡ鏽1小于10,n2小于10)時(shí),應(yīng)該使用卡方檢驗(yàn)(Chisquaretest)來(lái)比較兩組樣本的陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)率??ǚ綑z驗(yàn)是一種用于比較兩個(gè)或多個(gè)樣本的計(jì)數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)方法,適用于獨(dú)立樣本的情況。因此,選項(xiàng)D是正確的答案。選項(xiàng)A和B都是卡方檢驗(yàn)的修正版本,但是適用于特定的表格數(shù)據(jù)情況,而選項(xiàng)C則適用于配對(duì)樣本的情況。因此,正確答案是D。'Whichthefollowingobservationresultsbelongtoordinaldata:()

A:systolicbloodpressuremeasurementB:pulsenumberC:LengthofstayD:degreeofillness答案:AI參考:正確答案是B:pulsenumber。\n\n脈沖數(shù)量屬于有序數(shù)據(jù),因?yàn)樗梢员慌判蚝捅容^。而其他選項(xiàng)如血壓、住院時(shí)間和病情程度都屬于數(shù)值型數(shù)據(jù),無(wú)法進(jìn)行排序和比較。因此,選項(xiàng)B是正確的。'Valueofcoefficientofvariation()

A:mustbegreaterthan1B:itmustbelargerthanthestandarddeviationC:canbegreaterthan1orlessthan1D:itmustbesmallerthanthestandarddeviation答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)是【C:canbegreaterthan1orlessthan1】。\n\n選項(xiàng)A和D表述錯(cuò)誤,選項(xiàng)B和D雖然都提到了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,但是并沒(méi)有明確指出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差與變異系數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。因此,C選項(xiàng)“變異系數(shù)可以大于1或小于1”是正確的表述。變異系數(shù)的范圍通常在0到1之間,但也可能大于1或小于0,這取決于數(shù)據(jù)的分布和測(cè)量方法。因此,C選項(xiàng)是符合實(shí)際情況的。'Todescribetheaveragelevelofagroupofskewdistributiondata,whichshouldgenerallybeselected()

A:GeometricmeanB:ArithmeticmeanC:MeanD:Median答案:AI

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