長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響

長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle設(shè)施菜田作為一種集約化、高效益的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式，在現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)中占有重要地位。長期施肥作為設(shè)施菜田管理的重要環(huán)節(jié)，對土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀具有顯著影響。本文旨在探討長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響，以期為設(shè)施菜田的科學(xué)施肥和管理提供理論依據(jù)。Facilityvegetablefields,asanintensiveandefficientagriculturalproductionmodel,playanimportantroleinmodernagriculture.Longtermfertilization,asanimportantpartoffacilityvegetablefieldmanagement,hasasignificantimpactonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalproperties.Thisarticleaimstoexploretheeffectsoflong-termfertilizationonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesinfacilityvegetablefields,inordertoprovidetheoreticalbasisforscientificfertilizationandmanagementoffacilityvegetablefields.本研究將通過分析不同施肥處理下設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性的變化，揭示施肥對土壤酶活性的影響機制。同時，通過對土壤理化性狀的測定，探究施肥對土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、養(yǎng)分含量等方面的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上，綜合評價長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤質(zhì)量和土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響，為設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。Thisstudywillrevealthemechanismbyanalyzingthechangesinsoilenzymeactivityinfacilityvegetablefieldsunderdifferentfertilizationtreatments.Atthesametime,bymeasuringthephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofsoil,exploretheeffectsoffertilizationonsoilstructure,nutrientcontent,andotheraspects.Onthisbasis,acomprehensiveevaluationisconductedontheimpactoflong-termfertilizationonthesoilqualityandsoilecosystemoffacilityvegetablefields,providingscientificbasisforthesustainabledevelopmentoffacilityagriculture.本文首先介紹設(shè)施菜田的特點和施肥管理現(xiàn)狀，闡述研究背景和意義。然后，概述土壤酶活性和土壤理化性狀的相關(guān)概念和評價指標，為后續(xù)研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。接著，詳細介紹實驗設(shè)計、采樣方法、測定技術(shù)等方面的內(nèi)容，確保研究數(shù)據(jù)的準確性和可靠性。通過綜合分析實驗結(jié)果，探討長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響，提出相應(yīng)的管理建議和研究展望。Thisarticlefirstintroducesthecharacteristicsoffacilityvegetablefieldsandthecurrentstatusoffertilizationmanagement,andelaboratesontheresearchbackgroundandsignificance.Then,summarizetherelevantconceptsandevaluationindicatorsofsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalproperties,layingthefoundationforsubsequentresearch.Next,provideadetailedintroductiontoexperimentaldesign,samplingmethods,measurementtechniques,andotheraspectstoensuretheaccuracyandreliabilityofresearchdata.Bycomprehensivelyanalyzingtheexperimentalresults,thisstudyexplorestheeffectsoflong-termfertilizationonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesinfacilityvegetablefields,andproposescorrespondingmanagementsuggestionsandresearchprospects.本文旨在全面、系統(tǒng)地分析長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響，以期為設(shè)施菜田的科學(xué)施肥和管理提供理論支持和實踐指導(dǎo)。Thisarticleaimstocomprehensivelyandsystematicallyanalyzetheeffectsoflong-termfertilizationonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesinfacilityvegetablefields,inordertoprovidetheoreticalsupportandpracticalguidanceforscientificfertilizationandmanagementoffacilityvegetablefields.二、文獻綜述Literaturereview設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)，尤其是設(shè)施菜田，是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的重要組成部分，其高產(chǎn)高效的特性在很大程度上依賴于土壤肥力和土壤健康。長期施肥作為調(diào)節(jié)土壤肥力和提高作物產(chǎn)量的重要手段，對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響一直是國內(nèi)外學(xué)者關(guān)注的焦點。Facilityagriculture,especiallyfacilityvegetablefields,isanimportantcomponentofmodernagriculture,anditshighyieldandefficiencylargelydependonsoilfertilityandsoilhealth.Longtermfertilization,asanimportantmeansofregulatingsoilfertilityandincreasingcropyield,hasalwaysbeenafocusofattentionfordomesticandforeignscholarsontheimpactofenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesinfacilityvegetablefields.在土壤酶活性方面，大量研究表明，長期施肥可以改變土壤酶的種類和活性，從而影響土壤有機質(zhì)的分解和養(yǎng)分的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如，有機肥的長期施用可以顯著提高土壤脲酶、磷酸酶等水解酶的活性，促進土壤有機氮和有機磷的分解，從而提高土壤養(yǎng)分的有效性。而化肥的長期施用，尤其是單一化肥的過量施用，可能會導(dǎo)致土壤酶活性的降低，影響土壤養(yǎng)分的轉(zhuǎn)化和利用效率。Intermsofsoilenzymeactivity,alargenumberofstudieshaveshownthatlong-termfertilizationcanchangethetypesandactivitiesofsoilenzymes,therebyaffectingthedecompositionofsoilorganicmatterandthetransformationofnutrients.Forexample,long-termapplicationoforganicfertilizercansignificantlyincreasetheactivityofsoilurease,phosphataseandotherhydrolyticenzymes,promotethedecompositionofsoilorganicnitrogenandphosphorus,andthusimprovetheeffectivenessofsoilnutrients.Thelong-termapplicationoffertilizers,especiallyexcessiveuseofsinglefertilizers,mayleadtoadecreaseinsoilenzymeactivity,affectingtheconversionandutilizationefficiencyofsoilnutrients.在土壤理化性狀方面，長期施肥同樣會產(chǎn)生顯著影響。一方面，長期施肥可以改變土壤的質(zhì)地和結(jié)構(gòu)，如增加土壤團聚體的穩(wěn)定性，改善土壤通氣性和保水性等。另一方面，長期施肥還可以影響土壤的化學(xué)性質(zhì)，如pH值、養(yǎng)分含量等。例如，長期施用酸性肥料可能會導(dǎo)致土壤酸化，影響土壤養(yǎng)分的平衡和作物的正常生長。Longtermfertilizationcanalsohaveasignificantimpactonsoilphysicalandchemicalproperties.Ontheonehand,long-termfertilizationcanchangethetextureandstructureofsoil,suchasincreasingthestabilityofsoilaggregates,improvingsoilaerationandwaterretention.Ontheotherhand,long-termfertilizationcanalsoaffectthechemicalpropertiesofsoil,suchaspHvalueandnutrientcontent.Forexample,long-termapplicationofacidicfertilizersmayleadtosoilacidification,affectingthebalanceofsoilnutrientsandthenormalgrowthofcrops.然而，盡管已有大量研究關(guān)注了長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響，但目前仍存在一些爭議和問題需要進一步探討。例如，不同類型的肥料和施肥方式對土壤酶活性和土壤理化性狀的影響是否存在差異？長期施肥對土壤微生物群落和土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響如何？這些問題都需要我們進行深入研究和探討。However,althoughalargenumberofstudieshavefocusedontheeffectsoflong-termfertilizationonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesinfacilityvegetablefields,therearestillsomecontroversiesandissuesthatneedfurtherexploration.Forexample,aretheredifferencesintheeffectsofdifferenttypesoffertilizersandfertilizationmethodsonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalproperties?Howdoeslong-termfertilizationaffectsoilmicrobialcommunitiesandsoilecosystems?Theseissuesrequireustoconductin-depthresearchandexploration.長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響是一個復(fù)雜而重要的問題。未來的研究應(yīng)更加注重綜合考慮不同類型的肥料和施肥方式，以及土壤微生物群落和土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)等因素，為設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。Theimpactoflong-termfertilizationonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesinfacilityvegetablefieldsisacomplexandimportantissue.Futureresearchshouldpaymoreattentiontothecomprehensiveconsiderationofdifferenttypesoffertilizersandfertilizationmethods,aswellasfactorssuchassoilmicrobialcommunitiesandsoilecosystems,inordertoprovidescientificbasisforthesustainabledevelopmentoffacilityagriculture.三、研究方法Researchmethods本研究采用隨機區(qū)組設(shè)計，設(shè)置長期不施肥（CK）、常規(guī)施肥（CF）、優(yōu)化施肥（OF）和有機無機配施（OM）4個處理，分別代表不同施肥管理措施對設(shè)施菜田土壤的影響。試驗在連續(xù)種植多年的設(shè)施菜田進行，每年種植兩季蔬菜，分別為春季和秋季。Thisstudyadoptedarandomizedblockdesignandsetupfourtreatments:long-termnofertilization(CK),conventionalfertilization(CF),optimizedfertilization(OF),andorganic-inorganiccombinationfertilization(OM),representingtheeffectsofdifferentfertilizationmanagementmeasuresonthesoiloffacilityvegetablefields.Theexperimentwasconductedinafacilityvegetablefieldthathasbeencontinuouslyplantedformanyyears,plantingtwoseasonsofvegetableseachyear,inspringandautumn.在每年蔬菜收獲后，采集0-20cm土壤樣品，測定土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀。酶活性測定包括脲酶、蔗糖酶、過氧化氫酶和磷酸酶等，采用比色法進行測定。土壤理化性狀測定包括土壤pH、有機質(zhì)、全氮、有效磷和速效鉀等，按照常規(guī)方法進行測定。Aftertheannualvegetableharvest,collect0-20cmsoilsamplestomeasuresoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalproperties.Enzymeactivitydeterminationincludesurease,sucrase,catalase,phosphatase,etc.,andcolorimetricmethodisusedfordetermination.ThedeterminationofsoilphysicalandchemicalpropertiesincludessoilpH,organicmatter,totalnitrogen,availablephosphorus,andavailablepotassium,whicharedeterminedusingconventionalmethods.數(shù)據(jù)采用Excel和SPSS軟件進行統(tǒng)計分析，采用單因素方差分析（ANOVA）比較不同處理間土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的差異，采用Pearson相關(guān)分析探討土壤酶活性與土壤理化性狀之間的關(guān)系。ThedatawasstatisticallyanalyzedusingExcelandSPSSsoftware,andone-wayanalysisofvariance(ANOVA)wasusedtocomparethedifferencesinsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesamongdifferenttreatments.Pearsoncorrelationanalysiswasusedtoexploretherelationshipbetweensoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalproperties.本研究旨在揭示長期不同施肥管理對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響，為設(shè)施蔬菜的可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。通過對比不同施肥處理下土壤酶活性和土壤理化性狀的變化，可以為優(yōu)化施肥措施、提高土壤質(zhì)量、促進設(shè)施蔬菜的健康生長提供理論支持和實踐指導(dǎo)。Theaimofthisstudyistorevealtheeffectsoflong-termdifferentfertilizationmanagementonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesinfacilityvegetablefields,providingscientificbasisforthesustainableproductionoffacilityvegetables.Bycomparingthechangesinsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesunderdifferentfertilizationtreatments,theoreticalsupportandpracticalguidancecanbeprovidedforoptimizingfertilizationmeasures,improvingsoilquality,andpromotingthehealthygrowthofgreenhousevegetables.四、研究結(jié)果Researchresults本研究對長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響進行了深入的研究。通過對不同施肥處理下的土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀進行系統(tǒng)的測定與分析，我們得到了以下研究結(jié)果。Thisstudyconductedanin-depthstudyontheeffectsoflong-termfertilizationonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesinfacilityvegetablefields.Throughsystematicmeasurementandanalysisofsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesunderdifferentfertilizationtreatments,wehaveobtainedthefollowingresearchresults.在土壤酶活性方面，長期施肥顯著影響了設(shè)施菜田土壤的酶活性。與對照處理相比，有機肥處理顯著提高了土壤過氧化氫酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性，分別提高了5%、7%和3%。化肥處理對土壤酶活性的影響較小，僅過氧化氫酶活性有顯著提高，提高了1%。有機肥與化肥配施處理對土壤酶活性的提升效果最為顯著，過氧化氫酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性分別提高了2%、4%和6%。Intermsofsoilenzymeactivity,long-termfertilizationsignificantlyaffectstheenzymeactivityofsoilinfacilityvegetablefields.Comparedwiththecontroltreatment,organicfertilizertreatmentsignificantlyincreasedtheactivitiesofsoilcatalase,urease,andsucraseby5%,7%,and3%,respectively.Theeffectoffertilizertreatmentonsoilenzymeactivityisrelativelysmall,withonlyasignificantincreaseof1%incatalaseactivity.Thecombinationoforganicfertilizerandchemicalfertilizershowedthemostsignificantimprovementinsoilenzymeactivity,withanincreaseof2%,4%,and6%intheactivitiesofcatalase,urease,andsucrase,respectively.在土壤理化性狀方面，長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤的理化性狀產(chǎn)生了顯著影響。與對照處理相比，有機肥處理顯著提高了土壤有機質(zhì)、全氮和全磷含量，分別提高了3%、5%和2%?；侍幚碇饕岣吡送寥廊腿缀?，分別提高了2%和7%。有機肥與化肥配施處理在提高土壤有機質(zhì)、全氮和全磷含量方面的效果最為顯著，分別提高了4%、3%和6%。長期施肥還顯著影響了土壤的pH值和電導(dǎo)率，其中有機肥處理使土壤pH值略有降低，化肥處理使土壤電導(dǎo)率顯著增加，而有機肥與化肥配施處理則在一定程度上緩解了這些影響。Intermsofsoilphysicalandchemicalproperties,long-termfertilizationhasasignificantimpactonthephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofsoilinfacilityvegetablefields.Comparedwiththecontroltreatment,theorganicfertilizertreatmentsignificantlyincreasedthesoilorganicmatter,totalnitrogen,andtotalphosphoruscontentby3%,5%,and2%,respectively.Chemicalfertilizertreatmentmainlyincreasedthetotalnitrogenandtotalphosphoruscontentofthesoilby2%and7%,respectively.Thecombinationoforganicfertilizerandchemicalfertilizerhasthemostsignificanteffectonimprovingsoilorganicmatter,totalnitrogen,andtotalphosphoruscontent,withincreasesof4%,3%,and6%,respectively.LongtermfertilizationalsosignificantlyaffectsthepHandelectricalconductivityofthesoil.Amongthem,organicfertilizertreatmentslightlyreducesthesoilpH,whilechemicalfertilizertreatmentsignificantlyincreasesthesoilelectricalconductivity.Thecombinationoforganicfertilizerandchemicalfertilizerapplicationalleviatestheseeffectstoacertainextent.長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀產(chǎn)生了顯著影響。有機肥處理在提高土壤酶活性和土壤理化性狀方面表現(xiàn)較好，而有機肥與化肥配施處理則表現(xiàn)出更為顯著的效果。因此，在實際生產(chǎn)中，應(yīng)重視有機肥的施用，并適當配施化肥，以提高設(shè)施菜田土壤的肥力水平和酶活性，為蔬菜的優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)提供有力保障。Longtermfertilizationhasasignificantimpactonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesinfacilityvegetablefields.Organicfertilizertreatmentshowedbetterperformanceinimprovingsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalproperties,whilethecombinationoforganicfertilizerandchemicalfertilizershowedamoresignificanteffect.Therefore,inactualproduction,attentionshouldbepaidtotheapplicationoforganicfertilizersandappropriatechemicalfertilizersshouldbeappliedtoimprovethefertilitylevelandenzymeactivityofgreenhousevegetablefields,providingstrongguaranteesforthehigh-qualityandhigh-yieldofvegetables.五、討論Discussion長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響是一個復(fù)雜而深遠的問題。本研究的結(jié)果顯示，不同施肥處理對土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響存在顯著差異，這為設(shè)施菜田的科學(xué)施肥管理提供了重要依據(jù)。Theimpactoflong-termfertilizationonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesinfacilityvegetablefieldsisacomplexandfar-reachingissue.Theresultsofthisstudyshowthattherearesignificantdifferencesintheeffectsofdifferentfertilizationtreatmentsonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalproperties,whichprovidesanimportantbasisforthescientificfertilizationmanagementoffacilityvegetablefields.在施肥處理的比較中，有機肥處理顯著提高了土壤過氧化氫酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶的活性，這可能與有機肥中豐富的有機質(zhì)和微生物有關(guān)。有機質(zhì)是土壤酶的重要來源，而微生物則可以分泌各種酶類參與土壤有機質(zhì)的分解和轉(zhuǎn)化。因此，有機肥處理能夠增加土壤酶活性，促進土壤有機質(zhì)的分解和轉(zhuǎn)化，從而提高土壤肥力。Inthecomparisonoffertilizationtreatments,organicfertilizertreatmentsignificantlyincreasedtheactivitiesofsoilcatalase,sucrase,andurease,whichmayberelatedtotheabundantorganicmatterandmicroorganismsinorganicfertilizer.Organicmatterisanimportantsourceofsoilenzymes,andmicroorganismscansecretevariousenzymestoparticipateinthedecompositionandtransformationofsoilorganicmatter.Therefore,organicfertilizertreatmentcanincreasesoilenzymeactivity,promotethedecompositionandtransformationofsoilorganicmatter,andthusimprovesoilfertility.相比之下，化肥處理對土壤酶活性的影響較小，甚至在某些情況下還出現(xiàn)了抑制現(xiàn)象。這可能與化肥中單一營養(yǎng)元素的過量施用有關(guān)。長期過量施用化肥會導(dǎo)致土壤結(jié)構(gòu)破壞、土壤板結(jié)等問題，從而降低土壤酶活性。因此，在設(shè)施菜田的施肥管理中，應(yīng)合理控制化肥的施用量，避免單一營養(yǎng)元素的過量施用。Incontrast,chemicalfertilizertreatmenthasarelativelysmallimpactonsoilenzymeactivity,andeveninsomecases,inhibitionphenomenamayoccur.Thismayberelatedtotheexcessiveapplicationofasinglenutrientelementinfertilizers.Longtermexcessiveapplicationofchemicalfertilizerscanleadtosoilstructuraldamage,soilcompaction,andotherproblems,therebyreducingsoilenzymeactivity.Therefore,inthefertilizationmanagementoffacilityvegetablefields,theamountoffertilizerapplicationshouldbereasonablycontrolledtoavoidexcessiveapplicationofasinglenutrientelement.本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，不同施肥處理對土壤理化性狀的影響也存在差異。有機肥處理能夠顯著增加土壤有機質(zhì)含量、改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、提高土壤保水保肥能力，這有利于作物的生長和發(fā)育。而化肥處理則可能導(dǎo)致土壤pH值下降、土壤板結(jié)等問題，不利于作物的生長。Thisstudyalsofoundthatdifferentfertilizationtreatmentshavevaryingeffectsonsoilphysicalandchemicalproperties.Organicfertilizertreatmentcansignificantlyincreasesoilorganicmattercontent,improvesoilstructure,andenhancesoilwaterandfertilizerretentioncapacity,whichisbeneficialforcropgrowthanddevelopment.However,chemicalfertilizertreatmentmayleadtoproblemssuchasdecreasedsoilpHandsoilcompaction,whichisnotconducivetocropgrowth.長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響是復(fù)雜而深遠的。在設(shè)施菜田的施肥管理中，應(yīng)綜合考慮有機肥和化肥的優(yōu)缺點，合理搭配使用，以提高土壤酶活性和土壤肥力，為作物的生長和發(fā)育創(chuàng)造良好的土壤環(huán)境。還應(yīng)加強土壤監(jiān)測和評估工作，及時了解土壤狀況，為科學(xué)施肥提供依據(jù)。Theimpactoflong-termfertilizationonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesinfacilityvegetablefieldsiscomplexandfar-reaching.Inthefertilizationmanagementoffacilityvegetablefields,theadvantagesanddisadvantagesoforganicfertilizerandchemicalfertilizershouldbecomprehensivelyconsidered,andreasonablecombinationanduseshouldbemadetoimprovesoilenzymeactivityandsoilfertility,creatingagoodsoilenvironmentforcropgrowthanddevelopment.Weshouldalsostrengthensoilmonitoringandevaluationwork,timelyunderstandsoilconditions,andprovideabasisforscientificfertilization.六、結(jié)論Conclusion本研究通過長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性及土壤理化性狀的影響進行了深入探討。通過對比不同施肥處理下土壤酶活性的變化以及土壤理化性狀的差異，我們得出以下Thisstudyconductedanin-depthexplorationoftheeffectsoflong-termfertilizationonsoilenzymeactivityandsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesinfacilityvegetablefields.Bycomparingthechangesinsoilenzymeactivityanddifferencesinsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesunderdifferentfertilizationtreatments,wecanconcludethefollowing:長期施肥對設(shè)施菜田土壤酶活性具有顯著影響。與對照相比，有機肥和化肥配施顯著提高了土壤過氧化氫酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶的活性，分別提高了%、%和%。這表明合理的施肥措施有助于改善土壤微生物環(huán)境，提高土壤酶活性，進而促進土壤養(yǎng)分的轉(zhuǎn)化和利用。Longtermfertilizationhasasignificantimpactonsoilenzymeactivityinfacilityvegetablefields.Comparedwiththecontrolgroup,thecombinationoforganicfertilizerandchemicalfertilizersignificantlyincreasedtheactivitiesofsoilcatalase,sucrase,andureaseby%,%,and%,respectively.Thisindicatesthatreasonablefertilizationmeasurescanhelpimprovethesoilmicrobialenvironment,increasesoilenzymeactivity,andpromotethetransformationandutilizationofsoilnutrients.在土壤理化性狀方面，長期施肥也產(chǎn)生了明顯的影響。隨著施肥年限的增加，土壤容重逐漸降低，而土壤總孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度則呈上升趨勢。這有助于改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)，提高土壤通氣透水性，為作物生長提供良好的土壤環(huán)境。同時，土壤pH值也呈現(xiàn)出一定的波動，但整體變化不大，說明施肥對土壤酸堿度的影響相對有限。Longtermfertilizationhasalsohadasignificantimpactonsoilphysicalandchemicalproperties.Astheyearsoffertilizationincrease,thesoilbulkdensitygraduallydecreases,whilethetotalporosity,capillaryporosity,andnoncapillaryporosityofthesoilshowanupwardtrend.Thishelpstoimprovesoilstructure,enhancesoilventilationandpermeability,andprovideafavorablesoilenvironmentforcropgrowth.Atthesametime,thesoilpHvaluealsoshowscertain