Unit4HistoryandTraditions詞匯講解課件高中英語人教版

Unit4HistoryAndTraditionskeywords&phrasesSection1拓展詞匯1．individualadj.單獨的；個別的

n．個人→______________adv.分別地；

單獨地；個別地2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高級別的

n．(公司或機構(gòu)的)首領(lǐng)；酋長→_________adv.主要地；

首要地3．puzzlen．謎；智力游戲；疑問

vt.迷惑；使困惑→_________adj.迷惑的→__________adj.令人迷惑的

individually

chiefly

puzzled

puzzling

Section14．belongvi.應(yīng)在(某處)；適應(yīng)→____________n．財產(chǎn)，所有物；行李5．defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)→________vt.防護；防衛(wèi)6．legaladj.法律的；合法的→_________adv.合法地→___________adv.違法地；非法地→_________adj.非法的7．surroundvt.圍繞；包圍→_____________adj.周圍的→______________n．環(huán)境8．evidencen．證據(jù)；證明→_________adj.明顯的

belongings

defend

legally

illegally

illegal

surrounding

surroundings

evident

Section19．a(chǎn)chievementn．成就；成績；達到→_________vt.完成；達到10．locationn．地方；地點；位置→_________adj.位于→________vt.使坐落于vi.定位；定居11．a(chǎn)nnouncevt.宣布；通知；聲稱→______________n．聲明；宣告→___________n．廣播員，告知者12．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的→____________adv.慷慨地；寬大地；豐盛地→____________n．慷慨

achieve

located

locate

announcement

announcer

generously

generosity

Section2重點詞匯講解1.★defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)

①Itisourdutytodefendourmotherland.保衛(wèi)祖國是我們的職責(zé)。[歸納拓展](1)indefence(of)

保衛(wèi)(……)(2)defendvt. 防御；保衛(wèi)；保護；辯護defendoneself 自衛(wèi)；為自己辯護defendagainst 抵御defendsb.from/against 保護某人免受……

defend的賓語是保護的對象，而against后接的是防御的對象。[對點訓(xùn)練]

②Mostcountrieshavearmiesfortheir_______(defend)．(2)完成句子③Hegavehislife_____________hiscountry.他為保衛(wèi)祖國而獻出了生命。④Hemadealongspeech__________________________________________ objection.他作了長篇演講來保護他的觀點不遭反對。defencein

defence

ofdefending/to

defend

his

views

from/against2．

eager★eageradj.熱切的；渴望的

beeagertodosth.

渴望做某事beeagerforsth. 求某事物beeagerin

衷于[辨析]

eager,anxious單詞釋義eager強調(diào)“對成功的期望”或“進取的熱情”，含有積極向上的意思anxious強調(diào)“焦急；擔(dān)心”，表示對結(jié)果感到不安[對點訓(xùn)練]

(1)單句語法填空②Thelittlegirl,whoishelpedbytheProjectHope,iseager_____knowledge andeager_______(make)progress,sosheiseager____herstudyandis alwayspraisedbyherteachers.(2)選詞填空：eager/anxious③Sheis______togotocollege,but________aboutnotpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.她渴望上大學(xué)，但擔(dān)心無法通過高考。forto

makeineageranxious

3．★puzzlen．迷；智力游戲；疑問vt.迷惑；使困惑①Iaminapuzzleaboutthematter.＝Iampuzzledwiththematter.我對這事大惑不解。[對點訓(xùn)練]

②Thisletter________(puzzle)me,asweallknow.③Ifindthequestion_________(puzzle)．④Helooked________(puzzle)soIrepeatedthequestion.puzzles

puzzling

puzzled[歸納拓展](1)beinapuzzle(about) 對(……)感到困惑不解apuzzletosb. 對某人來說是個謎(2)puzzlingadj. 令人迷惑的puzzledadj. 感到困惑的bepuzzledwith/about 對……困惑不解4．

brokeawayfrom

★breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脫離；背叛；逃脫

①Hehasbrokenawayfromthehabitofbeinglate.他已經(jīng)改掉了遲到的習(xí)慣。[歸納拓展]breakin

打斷；插嘴；強行闖入(不及物動詞短語)breakinto 突然開始；強行闖入(及物動詞短語)breakout (戰(zhàn)爭)爆發(fā)；(火災(zāi))突然發(fā)生breakup 分解；解散；(關(guān)系)破裂[對點訓(xùn)練]

②Theboywassoangrythathebrokeaway______hismotherandranaway.③AsthePresident'scararrived,thecrowdbroke______loudapplause.④Whenthenewscamethatthewarbroke_______hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.from

into

out5．

belongto

★belongvi.應(yīng)在(某處)；適應(yīng)①Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.學(xué)生們覺得他們屬于一個特殊的群體。②Wearelookingforthepersontowhomthebookbelongs.

我們正在尋找這本書的主人。[名師點津]

belongto中的to是介詞，該短語既不能用于被動語態(tài)，也不能用于進行時態(tài)；作后置定語時，形式為“...belongingto”。[對點訓(xùn)練]

Nomatterwhathappens,thisislandbelongs____China.④Asisknowntous,Chinaisacountry_________(belong)totheThirdWorld.⑤Thetaxidriveroftenremindspassengerstotaketheir__________(belong)whentheyleavethecar.tobelongingbelongings

[歸納拓展](1)aswellas常在句中連接兩個并列的句子成分(若連接主語及其附屬成分時，謂語動詞與前面的主語保持一致)；(2)aswell“除……之外；也；還”，常位于肯定句句末，無需用逗號與句子分開；(3)may/mightaswelldosth.只好做某事；做某事倒也無妨[對點訓(xùn)練]

②IcanspeakfluentEnglishandIcanspeakFrench_____well.③ManystudentsaswellasTom______(be)presentatthemeeting.④Nowthatyouhaveagoodchance,youmay/might____wellmakefulluseof it.aswereas8．★surroundvt.圍繞；包圍

①Onceuponatime,akingwhowaspolitetosurroundingcountrieslivedinacastlesurroundedbyalargeforestandhavingwonderfulsurroundings.

從前，在一個綠樹環(huán)繞、環(huán)境優(yōu)美的城堡里住著一位國王，他對鄰邦十分友好。with/by

surrounded

9evidence

(1)Thereissome/noevidencethat...有/沒有證據(jù)證明……inevidence 顯眼；顯而易見(2)evidentadj. 明顯的；明白的It‘sevidentthat... 很明顯……evidentlyadv. 顯然；明顯地；清楚地that

evidenceItin10．

achievements

★achievementn．[C]成就；成績；達到[

歸納拓展](1)asenseofachievement

成就感(2)achievevt. 完成；達到vi. 成功achieveone‘ssuccess 獲得成功achieveone‘sgoal 達到目標(biāo)senseofachievementachieve

the

final

successachieve

her

goal10．Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?那么如果這些名稱有區(qū)別的話，區(qū)別何在？

句中的ifany是ifthereisanydifference的省略形式。ifany為省略句式，意為“如果有的話”，if用作連詞。if的其他省略結(jié)構(gòu)：ifnecessary

如果有必要的話ifpossible

如果有可能的話ifnot 如果不這樣的話ifso 如果這樣的話ifever

如果曾經(jīng)有的話[對點訓(xùn)練]

①Willyougetafreeeveningnextweek?____let'shaveadinner.下周你會有一個晚上的空嗎？如果有，讓我們一起吃頓飯吧。②Iseverybodyfeelingcold?________let'sopenthewindow.

大家感到冷嗎？如果不，讓我們把窗戶打開吧。③______________youcanturntome.

如果有必要的話，你可以向我求助。④Pleasetrytofindoutthedifferencesbetweenthetwowords.________speakitout.試著找出這兩個單詞的不同點。如果有，請大聲說出來。If

so,

If

not,

If

necessary,

If

any,

12．Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:“theUnitedKingdom”or“the UK”．大多數(shù)人只是使用簡稱：“聯(lián)合王國”。句中shortened是過去分詞作前置定語。過去分詞還可作后置定語和賓語補足語。①Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesame currencyandmilitarydefence.(過去分詞短語作后置定語)

像擁有同樣的貨幣和國防一樣，他們也使用同一面國旗。②TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegal system.(過去分詞作賓語補足語)在英國周圍，他們四處修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。13．AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedbyevidence offourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimes throughouthistory.英國歷史上有四個不同民族在不同歷史時期執(zhí)掌這個國家。無論你身處英國何方，這些民族的遺跡都隨處可見。everywhere用作連詞，意為“無論哪里”，引導(dǎo)狀語從句。Fires

broke

out

everywhere,

Everywhere

she

goes,

14．TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage,andchangedthe waypeoplebuilthouses.他們引入了英語的雛形，并改變了人們建造房屋的方式。定語從句peoplebuilthouses修飾先行詞theway，其前省略了關(guān)系詞that/inwhich，此時關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作方式狀語。theway作先行詞時，若關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則關(guān)系詞用that/which；作賓語時，還可省略。[對點訓(xùn)練]

①Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut__________________.使我吃驚的不是他說的話而是他說話的方式。②Idon'tlikethewayshespeakstoyou.

＝Idon'tliketheway________shespeakstoyou.＝Idon'tliketheway____shespeakstoyou.我不喜歡她跟你講話的方式。the

way

he

said

itin

whichthat③Theway__________cameupatthemeetingwasunpractical.

在會議上提出來的方法是不切實際的。④Thereisanotherway___________________________tosolvetheproblem.有另外一個你能夠選擇的方法來解決這個問題。that/which

(that/which)

you

can

choose

15．Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.

用心去觀察，英國的過去與現(xiàn)在都將展示在你面前，令你嘆為觀止。keepyoureyesopen中的open是形容詞，作賓語補足語，修飾youreyes。(1)“keep＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種形式：(2)“make＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種形式：[對點訓(xùn)練]

①Thatshehadn'tkepthermind____herworkresultedinthefailure.②Theotherstudentsintheclasskeeptheireyes_____(close)．③Youshouldmakeyourviews_______(know)．④Everydaymyparentsmakemehaveanegg. →EverydayIammade_________aneggbymyparents.

我父母每天要我吃一個雞蛋。onclosed

known

to

have16．★chargen．收費；指控；主管vt.收費；控告；充電①Youarenotinchargeoftheuniverse;youareinchargeofyourself.你不是宇宙的主宰；但你可以主宰你自己。[歸納拓展](1)charge(sb.)forsth. 為……(向某人)收費/要價chargesb.withsth.

指控某人某事(2)incharge(of...) 主管/看管/負(fù)責(zé)(……)takechargeof... 負(fù)責(zé)/看管……in/underthechargeofsb.＝inone'scharge在某人的掌管之下freeofcharge 免費charged

the

thief

with

took

charge

of

in

the

charge

ofin

charge

of17．★announcevt.宣布；通知；聲稱①Theannouncermadeanannouncementthatallthedetailsshouldbeannouncedthroughthebroadcast.廣播員宣布所有的細節(jié)都應(yīng)通過廣播公布出來。[

歸納拓展](1)announcesth.(tosb.) (向某人)宣布、通告某事announcethat... 宣布……；通知……Itis/wasannouncedthat... 據(jù)宣布……(2)announcementn. 通知；通告makeanannouncement

宣布；下通知(3)announcern. 廣播員；播音員

★★

動詞announce后不跟雙賓語，表示“向某人宣布某事”時應(yīng)該說announcesth.tosb.或announcetosb.sth.。類似用法的單詞還有suggest,explain,report,say等。[

對點訓(xùn)練]

②Hesaidtheluckywoman________________________________andthetripwillbesharedonline.他說這位幸運的女士將在網(wǎng)站上公布出來，整個旅行也會在線分享。③Onedaywithabasketofvegetables,he_____________hewasgoingtocookadeliciousdish.一天他帶著一籃子的蔬菜，向我們宣布他將烹飪一道佳肴。④Attheendofthemeeting,it__________________anagreementhadbeenreached.會議最后宣布已達成一項協(xié)議。will

be

announced

on

the

website

announced

to

us

that

was

announced

that

18．★amountn．金額；數(shù)量①Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.今天8美元或10美元似乎是一個小數(shù)目的錢，但在當(dāng)時這些數(shù)額對大多數(shù)公民是禁止的。[歸納拓展](1)“alargeamountof＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(2)“l(fā)argeamountsof＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“大量的”短語還有alargenumberof,agreatdealof,plentyof,alargequantityof等。①agreatdealof只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞；②alargenumberof只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；③alotof,plentyof,alargequantityof既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。[對點訓(xùn)練]

②Alargeamountofdamage_____________(do)tothecityinaveryshorttime.③Peopleindisasterareashavehad______________________frompeopleallovertheworld.災(zāi)區(qū)人民得到了全世界人們的大量幫助。has

been

done

a

large

amount

of

help

19．★approachn．方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近①Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.她還接觸了牙醫(yī)，學(xué)習(xí)更多有關(guān)清潔牙齒的知識。[

歸納拓展](1)anapproachto(doing)sth.

(做)某事的方法/途徑attheapproachof 在快到……的時候makeapproachestosb. 想接近某人；想與某人打交道(2)approachableadj. 可接近的；友好的[應(yīng)用融會](1)單句語法填空②Yesterdayweheldameetingandmadeanapproach__thelow-carbonlife.③Wefoundhimvery____________(approach)andeasytotalkwith.(2)完成句子④Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,__________________from behind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.不幸的是，正當(dāng)我拿出相機的時候，一位女士從后面走了過來，站在了我

眼前，擋住了我的視線。⑤__________________thecinema,hestoppedandwaitedforhisfriends.在快到電影院時，他停下來等他的朋友。toapproachablea

woman

approached

At

the

approach

of

20．★generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的①Theyoungmanisverygenerouswithhistimeinhelpingothers.這個年輕人在幫助別人方面很慷慨。[

歸納拓展](1)begeneroustosb.

對某人慷慨begenerouswithsth. 在某方面大方；不吝嗇某物It'sgenerousofsb.todosth. 某人做某事真是慷慨(2)generouslyadv. 慷慨地；大方地generosityn. 慷慨；大方[對點訓(xùn)練]

②Thesevolunteersareverygenerous____theoldmen.③Itisgenerousofyou_________(lend)yoursmartphonetome.④Sheiswell-knownforher____________(generous)．toto

lendgenerosity

[歸納拓展](1)afeastfor

對……大飽眼福/耳福aweddingfeast 婚宴(2)feaston/uponsth. 盡情享用某物feastyoureyes(onsb./sth.) 盡情欣賞；大飽眼福；賞心悅目21.★feastn．盛宴；宴會；節(jié)日[對點訓(xùn)練]

①Theeveningpartywas____________formusiclovers.這個晚會真是讓音樂愛好者大飽耳福。②We__________chickenandroastpotatoes.我們飽餐了一頓雞肉和烤土豆。③Ifyoulikeluxurycars,__________________these.要是你喜歡豪華轎車的話，就好好欣賞這些吧。a

real

feast

feasted

onfeast

your

eyes

on

22.★rollvi.&vt.(使)翻滾；(使)滾動n.卷(軸)；翻滾[歸納拓展](1)rollup

卷起；(轉(zhuǎn)動把手)關(guān)閉；到達rollover 翻身；翻滾；翻轉(zhuǎn)rollback 擊退；降低rollin 大量涌來(2)arollof 一卷rockandroll 搖滾樂[對點訓(xùn)練]

①Rollingthewindow__

hegavethemanasumofmoney.②Irolledthebaby____ontoitsstomach.③Thecarbegantoroll____downthehill.④Hetookoutaroll__newspapersfromunderhisarm.upoverback

of

23★greetvt.問候；迎候[歸納拓展](1)greetsb.

迎接/問候某人greetsb.with... 用……迎接某人begreetedwith/bysth. 對某事做出某種反應(yīng)(2)greetingn. 問候；招呼；祝賀agreetingcard 賀卡(3)greetern. 迎賓；門迎[對點訓(xùn)練]

②He______________________warmlyastheyarrived.客人到達時他都熱情接待。③They___________________andsatdowntolunch.他們相互致意后便坐下吃午飯。④He_______histeacher____“goodmorning”．他向老師說了句“早安”。greeted

all

the

guests

exchanged

greetings

greetedwith

24．★custom