北京市朝陽區(qū)高三上學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量檢測英語試題

北京市朝陽區(qū)2020～2021學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量檢測高三英語試卷(考試時(shí)間90分鐘滿分100分)本試卷共10頁?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分:知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，25分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題；每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。OneMothertoAnotherOnWednesdayevening,ourdaughter,whowasataboardingschoolover200kilometersaway,toldusthatshehadlostherphonewhenshetookpartinanactivityoffcampus.Werealizedthatwehadlittlechanceoffindingit.Thenextmorning,myphonebeeped(嗶嗶響)loudly.Akindvoiceannouncedthatshehadsomethingthatbelongedtomydaughter.I___1___thatIlivedathreehourdriveaway,andtoldherIwouldaskafriendtofetchthephone.Mydaughterhadwrittenmynumberontheinsideofherphone’scase—goodthinking!AftercontactingthepeopleIknowwholivedneartheschool,Iwasoutof___2___—noonecouldgoand___3___thephone,notsurprisinglyasitwastheworkingdayandeveryonewasbusy.Idecidedtoasktheladytopostthephonetomydaughter.ButwhenIsentheratexttoaskifthiswouldbeOK,shereplied,“Wewill___4___itandwe’regoingtodrivedowntotheboardingschooltonight.”Tomy___5___,thiswonderfulcouple,whohadalreadyspentabusydayatwork,wasmakingaroundtriponthenight,___6___forreturningaphonetoapletestranger.Howtouchingitwas!Igavethemdirectionsandthey___7___thephoneintothehandsofmydaughteratherboardinghouse.Theonlywordofanexplanationwas,“I’vegotchildrenofmyown,andIknowhowamother___8___.”Wehadthoughtthatthechanceofgettingbackthephonewas___9___,butwegotitbackinsuchashorttime.Itwasawonderfulreminderofthegoodintheworldandhowtheactionsofonepersoncan_____10_____theworldtoanother.1.A.suggested B.reported C.explained D.argued2.A.date B.luck C.work D.control3.A.pickup B.carryout C.handin D.giveaway4.A.find B.show C.miss D.take5.A.regret B.surprise C.amusement D.disappointment6.A.especially B.certainly C.definitely D.probably7.A.conducted B.arranged C.delivered D.identified8.A.doubts B.interests C.predicts D.worries9.A.free B.slim C.hard D.fair10.A.tell B.face C.mean D.join【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D5.B6.A7.C8.D9.B10.C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了遠(yuǎn)在寄宿學(xué)校的女兒丟了，一對(duì)好心的陌生夫婦特地來回奔波給她送的事情。作者從此事中感受到，人的善行能夠影響到別人?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我解釋道我住在三小時(shí)的車程開外，并且告訴她我會(huì)讓一個(gè)朋友去拿這個(gè)。A.suggested建議；B.reported報(bào)道；C.explained解釋；D.argued爭論。根據(jù)語境可知，此處母親“我”接到來自對(duì)方的，應(yīng)該是與對(duì)方解釋自己路程較遠(yuǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在聯(lián)系了住在學(xué)校附近的熟人后，我很不走運(yùn)——沒人能去接，這并不奇怪，因?yàn)槟翘焓枪ぷ魅?，大家都很忙。A.date日期，B.luck運(yùn)氣；C.work工作；D.control控制。根據(jù)下文“notsurprisinglyasitwastheworkingdayandeveryonewasbusy”推測，因?yàn)槟翘焓枪ぷ魅?，大家都很忙，“我”并沒有找到可以拿的人，應(yīng)該是不走運(yùn)的。outofluck“不走運(yùn)的”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意同上。A.pickup撿起，獲得；B.carryout執(zhí)行；C.handin上交；D.giveaway捐贈(zèng)。根據(jù)上文語境可知，此處“我”找不到可以拿的人，pickupthephone“拿”，符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但當(dāng)我給她發(fā)短信問她這樣行不行時(shí)，她回答：“我們將會(huì)帶上它，并且我們今天晚上將會(huì)開車去寄宿學(xué)校?！盇.find找到；B.show展示；C.miss錯(cuò)過，想念；D.take帶。根據(jù)下文“drivedowntotheboardingschool”判斷，陌生人應(yīng)該是要帶上去找“我”的女兒，將還給她。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令我驚訝的是，這對(duì)完美的夫婦，已經(jīng)忙了一天的工作，卻要在晚上來回奔波，尤其是為了把還給一個(gè)完全陌生的人。A.regret遺憾；B.surprise驚訝；C.amusement娛樂；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)本句句意推測，“我”應(yīng)該對(duì)于這對(duì)陌生夫婦的表現(xiàn)非常吃驚。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.especially尤其；B.certainly當(dāng)然；C.definitely肯定。根據(jù)語境判斷，“我”認(rèn)為陌生夫婦的行為是讓人驚訝的，尤其是為了陌生人。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我給了他們方向，他們將遞到了在公寓里的我女兒的手上。A.conducted執(zhí)行；B.arranged安排；C.delivered遞送；D.identified識(shí)別。根據(jù)上文可知，此處陌生夫婦將送到了“我”的女兒的手上。故選C項(xiàng)。【8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我有我自己的孩子，我知道一個(gè)媽媽有多擔(dān)心。A.doubts懷疑；B.interests感興趣；C.predicts預(yù)測；D.worries擔(dān)心。根據(jù)“I’vegotmychildrenofmyown”可知，這位送的也是一位母親，也能體會(huì)到作為一個(gè)母親的擔(dān)心。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們原以為拿回的機(jī)會(huì)很渺茫，但是我們在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)就把它拿了回來。A.free空閑的；B.slim小的，少的；C.hard困難的；D.fair公平的。根據(jù)后半句句意推測，原來對(duì)于拿回這件事已經(jīng)不抱希望了，即希望很小。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它很好地提醒我們世界上有善，并且一個(gè)人的行為對(duì)另一個(gè)人意味著整個(gè)世界。A.tell告訴；B.face面對(duì)；C.mean意味；D.join加入。根據(jù)語境判斷，“我”從陌生夫婦的行為中知道了人的善行對(duì)于另外一個(gè)人的影響是如此之大，meantheworldtoanother“對(duì)另外一個(gè)人意味著世界”，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Ilovemycampusverymuch.IthasalotofbuildingstraditionalinChinesestylebutmoderninequipment.Havingclassesinthemalways___11___(make)mefeelexcitedwiththebusyworldandrelaxedaboutthelonghistoryofournation.Outofthehousesarebeautifulgardens___12___(surround)bytrees.Inthemorning,wereadaloudbythelakeorbehindthehill.TheairissofreshandsweetthatveryoftenIthinkhow___13___(luck)Iamtostudyinsuchabeautifulcampus.【答案】11.makes12.surrounded13.lucky【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者在文章中介紹和贊美了自己的母校?！?1題詳解】考查主謂一致。句意：在里面上課總是讓我對(duì)繁忙的世界感到興奮和對(duì)我們國家的悠久歷史感到放松。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知make作句子的謂語，主語為動(dòng)名詞Havingclasses(上課)，根據(jù)主謂一致原則，動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，根據(jù)狀語“always(總是)”以及句子內(nèi)容在陳述客觀事實(shí)可知，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填makes?！?2題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：房子外面是美麗的花園，周圍都是樹。根據(jù)句子中使用了系動(dòng)詞are可知，surround在句子中作非謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)介詞by和句意可知，surround與邏輯主語gardens(花園)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過去分詞，表示被動(dòng)，作gardens的后置定語。故填surrounded?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：空氣是如此的新鮮和甜蜜，我經(jīng)常想我是多么幸運(yùn)能在這樣一個(gè)美麗的校園學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)“Iam”可知，需要使用形容詞作表語，luck(幸運(yùn))的形容詞為lucky。故填lucky。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Whalesusesoundtogetinformationaroundthem.Byconstantly___14___(send)outsoundsthathitunderwaterobjectsandeback,whalesreceiveinformation.Thiswayofusingsoundiscalledsonar.Recently,scientistshavefoundthatwhales___15___(harm)bythepowerfulsonaringfromships.Thisproblemisbeingstudied,andpeople’slevelofawarenessoftheproblemis___16___(high)thaneverbefore.Nowshipsaroundtheworldaretryingtobemorecarefulwhenusingsonar.【答案】14.sending15.areharmed/arebeingharmed16.higher【解析】本文是一篇說明文。講述了由于船只強(qiáng)大聲吶的干擾，鯨魚受到了傷害。人類正在提升意識(shí)，盡量避免這一事件的發(fā)生?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：通過不斷發(fā)出聲音，撞擊水下物體，然后返回，鯨魚可以接收到信息。by為介詞，意思為“通過”，后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞形式。故填sending?！?5題詳解】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：最近，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)鯨魚（正）受到來自船只的強(qiáng)大聲納的傷害。本句是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，空格處為賓語從句的謂語部分，根據(jù)by“被”可推測，句子為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處可以表示“鯨魚被船只的聲吶傷害”這件事，也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)這件事正在發(fā)生，因此，時(shí)態(tài)可以是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。主語whales為復(fù)數(shù)，故填areharmed或arebeingharmed【16題詳解】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：這一問題正在得到研究，人們對(duì)這一問題的認(rèn)識(shí)程度比以往任何時(shí)候都高。根據(jù)than可知，句子為比較級(jí)句型，放在is后面為形容詞比較級(jí)，故填higher。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Ruleshelpuslivetogetherinamunity.Atmylocalpark,thereisasignthatreads,“Keepoffthegrass.”Becauseourmunityhasaneedforanicegreenspace___17___(relax),weareexpectedtokeepourparkcleanandingoodconditionforeveryone’senjoyment.Ifonepersonbreakstherules,morepeople___18___(follow)himanddowhattheywant.Inamunity,rulesareinplacetoprotecteveryone.Whatwedoand___19___weactaffecteveryone,notjustourselves.Weneedrulesinordertolive___20___(safe).【答案】17.torelax18.willfollow19.how20.safely【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。論述了按照規(guī)則生活的重要性。【詳解】1.考查todo不定式作目的狀語。句意：因?yàn)槲覀兊纳鐓^(qū)需要一個(gè)好的綠色空間來放松……需要綠色空間的目的是為了放松，表目的用todo不定式。故填torelax。2.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：如果一個(gè)人打破了規(guī)則，更多的人會(huì)效仿他，做他們想做的事。在條件狀語從句中，主將從現(xiàn)。根據(jù)if條件句中使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可知，主句中使用一般將來時(shí)，故填willfollow。3.考查名詞性從句。句意：我們做的事情和我們做事的方式會(huì)影響每個(gè)人而不是只有我們自己。動(dòng)詞affect前缺少主語，所以空格處引導(dǎo)主語從句。從句中不缺少主語、賓語或表語，根據(jù)句意，表示“如何”用how。故填how。4.考查副詞。句意：我們需要規(guī)則來安全地生活。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞，故填safely。第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，共30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AArbeiaRomanFort(城堡)andMuseumLocationandHistoryArbeiaRomanFortissituatedonHadrian’sWall.ItwasthemostimportantstructurebuiltbytheRomansinBritain,andnowithasbeenaWorldHeritage(遺產(chǎn))Site.BuiltaroundAD160,ArbeiaRomanFortwasthemilitarysupplybaseforthesoldierswhowerestationedalongHadrian’sWall.Theforthasbeengraduallyuncoveredandsomeoriginalpartshavebeenrevealed.TherearereconstructionsthatshowhowArbeiaRomanFortwouldhavelooked.TheReconstructionsThereconstructionsofthemandingOfficer’shouseandsoldiers’quartersarestrikinglydifferent.Theacmodationforsoldiersisdarkandunfortable,whilethemandingOfficer’shouseisspaciousandluxurious,withcourtyardswithfountainsforhimandhisfamilytoenjoy.TheMuseumVisitthemuseumandseemanyobjectsthatwerefoundatArbeia.Theyarehistoricallyimportantandshowwhatdailylifewasreallylikeatthattime.Youwillseeweapons,tools,jewellery,andsoon.YoucanalsodiscoverhowtheRomansburiedtheirdeadandseetombstones(墓碑)whichsurvivetothisday.Thereisa“handson”areaallowingvisitorstodigonacertainsiteandstudytheirfindingswiththehelpofmuseumstaff.Youcanpiecetogetherpottery(陶器),ortrywritingjustastheRomanswouldhavedone.Forchildren,theycanbuildthisancientRomanfortwithbuildingblocksbythemselves.OpeningTimesandGettingThereApril1October31:MondaytoSaturday10:00am5:00pm,Sunday2:00pm5:00pm.November1March31:MondaytoSaturday11:00am4:00pm,closedSunday.(ClosedDecember2526andJanuary1)Entryisfree.ArbeiaisonlyatenminutewalkfromthebusstationatSouthShields.Freecarparknearby.Website:21.Accordingtothepassage,ArbeiaRomanFort______.A.wasrelatedtothemilitary B.gotreconstructionsaroundAD160C.wasbuiltinasmallareainRome D.providedafortablelifeforsoldiers22.Whatcanvisitorsdointhemuseum?A.Seehistoricalobjects. B.Buildtombstonesforthedead.C.WritetoancientRomans. D.Tryusingoldtoolsandweapons.23.WhattimedoesArbeiaRomanFortclose?A.OnApril1. B.OnOctober31. C.OnNovember1. D.OnDecember26.【答案】21.A22.A23.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了旅游景點(diǎn)ArbeiaRomanFortandMuseum的位置、歷史、重建及開放時(shí)間等信息?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第三句“…ArbeiaRomanFortwasthemilitarysupplybaseforthesoldiers…”可知，ArbeiaRomanFort城堡以前是一個(gè)為士兵們提供物資的軍事供應(yīng)基地，說明它以前與軍事有關(guān)聯(lián)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段前兩句“VisitthemuseumandseemanyobjectsthatwerefoundatArbeia.Theyarehistoricallyimportantandshowwhatdailylifewasreallylikeatthattime(參觀博物館，看看許多在阿貝亞發(fā)現(xiàn)的物體。它們在歷史上是重要的，并展示了當(dāng)時(shí)的日常生活是什么樣子)”可知，博物館里展出的物件都是些歷史文物。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。關(guān)于參觀時(shí)間介紹的最后一句“ClosedDecember2526andJanuary1”可得出12月26日是關(guān)門的。故選D項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】

BLearningtosay“yes,and”WhenIfirstheardabouttheimprovisation(即興交流)classIwashesitating.Asaquietandshygirl,Ifearedimprovisinginfrontofstrangers.However,IknewIwantedtoworkasasciencemunicatorafterfinishingmyPh.D.,soitseemedlikeaperfectopportunitytolearnhowtospeakandmunicatewithotherseffectively.Isignedup,knowingtheexperiencewouldgivemehelp.Duringourfirstclass,welearnedanimportantconceptofimprovisation:“yes,and.”Itmeansthat,asimprovisers,we’dbetteracceptwhatfellowperformerssay.Ifsomeonesaysthatrhinos(犀牛)arelibrarians,forexample,thenrhinosarelibrarians.Wedonotquestionthelogic;wesay“yes”andthencontinuewiththesceneasifnothingiswrong.Thefirstfewsceneswerehard,butasweeksturnedintomonths,Ibecamemorefortableandevenstartedtoenjoyourclasses.Ibecamebetteratlistening,relatingtomyconversationpartners,andmunicatingclearlyinthemoment.OncewhenIwasgivingapresentationaboutmyscience,anaudiencemembersurprisedmewithaquestionthatdidn’tgrowoutoftheinformationI’dpresented.Insteadofgettingconfusedandnervous,Itookthe“yes,and”approach—acceptingthequestionandlettingmymindfocusonwhyitwasasked.Thathelpedmefindanappropriateanswer.Igotprettyexcitedaboutit.Thebenefitsofimprovisationgobeyondmunication.Beforeattendingtheclass,Iwouldgetstuckwhenmyexperimentsproducedunexpecteddata,thinkingthatIhadmadeamistake.Butnow,insteadofgettingdiscouraged,Iwillstayopentothepossibilitythattheresultsarereal,keepexploringthedataandendupidentifyinganewtypeofcell—onethatisn’tbehavingasexpected.Ithinkallscientistscanbenefitfromthislesson.Ifthedatasayrhinosarelibrarians,thenit’sworthfindingoutwhetherrhinosare,infact,librarians.Asscientists,ourjobisn’ttochallengedatathatsupportapreconceived(先入為主的)story,buttosay“yes,and.”24.Whydidtheauthorattendtheimprovisationclass?A.Togetadifferentexperience.B.TofinishherPh.D.atuniversity.C.Togiveupherjobasasciencemunicator.D.Toimproveherspeakingandmunicatingability.25.Whatwastheauthor’schangeafterattendingtheimprovisationclass?A.Sheformedherownideaquickly.B.Shecameupwithlotsofcreativeresponses.C.Shepaidmoreattentiontothelogicofanswers.D.Shebecameagoodlistenerbeforegivinganopinion26.Theauthormentionsapplyingthe“yes,and”approachtoherscientificexperimentsto______.A.explaintheprocessofusingthemethodB.provethebenefitsoftheimprovisationclassC.shareherownresearchexperienceswithreadersD.attractfellowscientiststoattendtheimprovisationclass27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutscientistsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theyshouldattendtheimprovisationclass.B.Theyshouldquestionallpreconceivedideas.C.Theyshouldcarryonresearchbyadmittingearlierdata.D.Theyshouldtrytoimprovetheirprofessionalknowledge.【答案】24.D25.D26.B27.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講敘了作者參加一門即興交流課程，想要提高自己的溝通能力，詳細(xì)描寫了參加課程后自身所發(fā)生的一些變化，以及這門課程帶給自己的積極影響。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Asaquietandshygirl,Ifearedimprovisinginfrontofstrangers.However,IknewIwantedtoworkasasciencemunicatorafterfinishingmyPh.D.,soitseemedlikeaperfectopportunitytolearnhowtospeakandmunicatewithotherseffectively.Isignedup,knowingtheexperiencewouldgivemehelp.”可知作為一個(gè)安靜害羞的女孩，我害怕在陌生人面前即興交流。然而，我知道我想在完成博士學(xué)位后從事科學(xué)傳播者的工作，所以這似乎是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)如何有效地說話和與他人溝通的完美機(jī)會(huì)。我報(bào)名參加了，因?yàn)槲抑肋@次經(jīng)歷會(huì)對(duì)我有所幫助。由此可知，作者參加即興交流課，是為了提高她的開口說話的溝通能力。故選D。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ibecamebetteratlistening,relatingtomyconversationpartners,andmunicatingclearlyinthemoment.”可知我變得更善于傾聽，與我的談話伙伴建立聯(lián)系，并在那一刻清晰地交流。由此可知，作者參加了即興交流課之后，所發(fā)生的變化是她在發(fā)表意見之前，先成為了一個(gè)好的傾聽者。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thebenefitsofimprovisationgobeyondmunication.Beforeattendingtheclass,Iwouldgetstuckwhenmyexperimentsproducedunexpecteddata,thinkingthatIhadmadeamistake.Butnow,insteadofgettingdiscouraged,Iwillstayopentothepossibilitythattheresultsarereal,keepexploringthedataandendupidentifyinganewtypeofcell—onethatisn’tbehavingasexpected.(即興交流的好處不僅僅體現(xiàn)在交流方面。在參加這門課之前，當(dāng)我的實(shí)驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生了意想不到的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，我會(huì)卡住，認(rèn)為自己犯了錯(cuò)誤。但現(xiàn)在，我不會(huì)氣餒，而是會(huì)保持開放的態(tài)度，相信結(jié)果是真實(shí)的，繼續(xù)探索數(shù)據(jù)，最終確定一種新的細(xì)胞類型——一種沒有按照預(yù)期表現(xiàn)的細(xì)胞)”由此可推知，作者提到在她的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中運(yùn)用“yes,and”的方法，是為了證明即興交流課的好處。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ithinkallscientistscanbenefitfromthislesson.Ifthedatasayrhinosarelibrarians,thenit’sworthfindingoutwhetherrhinosare,infact,librarians.Asscientists,ourjobisn’ttochallengedatathatsupportapreconceived(先入為主的)story,buttosay‘yes,and.’”可知我想所有的科學(xué)家都能從這一門課程中受益。如果數(shù)據(jù)顯示犀牛是圖書管理員，那么就值得去了解犀牛是否真的是圖書管理員。作為科學(xué)家，我們的工作不是挑戰(zhàn)支持先入為主故事的數(shù)據(jù)，而是說“是的，而且”。由此可推知，科學(xué)家應(yīng)該通過承認(rèn)早期數(shù)據(jù)來進(jìn)行研究。故選C。CSuccessandRiskinExtremeSportsWhatisitthatdrivessometotakeextremerisks,whiletherestofushurryforthesafetyofthesidelines?LesterKeller,sportspsychologyexpert,saysthatnoteveryonehasthementalmakeuptodowellinextremesports.Henotesthatmostofushitanaturalceilingthatlimitsourappetiteforextremeriskintrickyconditions.Butothershaveamuchhighertoleranceforrisk.Kellerpointstoatopskiracer.HetoldKellerthat“thehighelementofriskmakesyoufeelalive,testswhatyouaremadeofandhowfaryoucantakeyourself”.Hesaidhewouldgetnervousonsomeofthecourses,butthatthiswouldjustmakehimfightmore.Psychologistsnotethatsomepeopleseemtohaveastrongdesireforadrenaline(腎上腺素)rushesasabehaviorseekingexcitedfeelings.Likemanyextremeathletes,EmilyCook’sappetiteforriskappearedatayoungage.“Iwasagymnast,”shesaid.“Iwasoneofthosekidswhoenjoyedanddidwellatanythingwhereyouwereupsidedown.”Asshestarteddoinghardertricks,shewasdrawntothechallenge.“Therearemomentswhenyou’reuptheredoinganewtrickanditseemslikeanimpossiblething.Butoveringthatisjustthecoolestfeelingintheworld.”ShaneMurphy,sportsprofessor,hasworkedwithgroupsclimbingEverest.“Tome,thatjustseemsliketheheightofrisk,”hesaid.“Buttothemitwasthenextstepinanactivitythatthey’vepreparedforyears.”Murphysaidtheviewofextremeathletesisdifferentfromourown.“Welookatariskysituationandknowthatifwewereinthatsituationwewouldbeoutofcontrol.Butfromtheathletes’view,theyhavealotofcontrol,andtherearemanythingsthattheydotominimizerisk.”Anotheraspectofriskperception(認(rèn)知)maybesomethingreferredtoas“theflow”,astateinwhichmanyathletesbeeabsorbedintheactsthatfocusthemindpletelyonthepresent.“Somethingthatmakesyoutrydoingatougherclimbthanusual,perhaps,isthatyouradrenalineflowsandyoubeeveryconcentratedonwhatyou’redoing,”Murphysays.“Afterit’sover,there’sgreatexcitement.”Peopleofdifferentskilllevelsexperiencetheflowatdifferenttimes.Somemayalwaysbedriventoadventuresthatothersconsiderextreme.“Icanenjoyhittingatennisballaround,becausethat’smyskilllevel,”Murphysays.“ButothersmightneedthechallengeofOlympicpetition.”28.Byusingtheterm“naturalceiling”inParagraph2,LesterKellerpointsoutthat______.A.extremeathletesmustlearnspecialskillsB.extremeathleteshavechancestotakerisksC.manypeopledon’twanttodoextremesportsD.manypeoplecan’tlimitdesireforextremesports29.WhatdoesShaneMurphythinkaboutthemountainclimbershementions?A.Theyputinlotsofpreparationforchallenges.B.Theyaremorefortunatethanothersportspeople.C.Theycarrylittleriskwhenfacingbigchallenges.D.Theyhavespecialreasonsthatotherscan’teasilyunderstand.30.WhatmainpointismadeinParagraph5?A.Extremeathletesusetechniquesotherpeopledon’tuse.B.Nonathletesareprobablywisenottotryextremesports.C.Mostpeoplelackthefocusrequiredtotakebiggerrisks.D.Acertainstateofmindmakesattemptinganactivitymorelikely.31.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.risktakingissomethingyoueithernaturallydooravoidB.thosewhotakerisksaremorelikelytobesuccessfulinlifeC.extremeathletesaredrivenbyaneedtobebetterthanothersD.takingpartinextremesportsisnotasdifficultaspeoplethink【答案】28.C29.A30.D31.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了極限運(yùn)動(dòng)的成功與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。分析文章第二段第二句“Henotesthatmostofushitanaturalceilingthatlimitsourappetiteforextremeriskintrickyconditions.”（他指出，我們中的大多數(shù)人達(dá)到了一個(gè)自然的上限，這個(gè)（自然上限）限制了我們在復(fù)雜條件下對(duì)極端風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的欲望。）可知，這里含有一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞為anaturalceiling，定語從句對(duì)anaturalceiling進(jìn)行修飾，“限制了我們在復(fù)雜條件下對(duì)極端風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的欲望”說明許多人不想做極限運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段開頭提到的“groupsclimbingEverest”（攀登珠穆朗瑪峰的團(tuán)體）和第二句“Tome,thatjustseemsliketheheightofrisk,”hesaid.“Buttothemitwasthenextstepinanactivitythatthey’vepreparedforyears.”（“在我看來，這似乎是最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，”他說?！暗珜?duì)他們來說，這是他們準(zhǔn)備多年的一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的下一步?！保┛芍?，登山者為挑戰(zhàn)做了大量的準(zhǔn)備。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Anotheraspectofriskperception(認(rèn)知)maybesomethingreferredtoas“theflow”,astateinwhichmanyathletesbeeabsorbedintheactsthatfocusthemindpletelyonthepresent.”（風(fēng)險(xiǎn)認(rèn)知的另一個(gè)方面可能是被稱之為“心流”的東西，在這種狀態(tài)下，許多運(yùn)動(dòng)員全神貫注于將精力完全集中在當(dāng)下的行為。）以及后面的進(jìn)一步解釋可知，本段要點(diǎn)就是“theflow”這種特定的精神狀態(tài)會(huì)使你更有可能去嘗試一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。故選D項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Peopleofdifferentskilllevelsexperiencetheflowatdifferenttimes.Somemayalwaysbedriventoadventuresthatothersconsiderextreme.”（不同技能水平的人在不同的時(shí)間體驗(yàn)這種流動(dòng)。一些人可能總是被驅(qū)使去冒險(xiǎn)，而另一些人則認(rèn)為是極端的。）以及后文所舉的事例可知，不同的技能水平的人有自己不同的選擇，所以冒險(xiǎn)是你可以選擇做或選擇避免的事情。故選A項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段開頭再看全文找主題句，若無明顯主題句，就通過關(guān)鍵詞句來概括(如議論文中尋找表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞句，記敘文尋找概括情節(jié)和中心的動(dòng)詞或反映人物特點(diǎn)的形容詞)。文中出現(xiàn)兩種或兩種以上的不同觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，務(wù)必牢記作者的觀點(diǎn)才是體現(xiàn)全文中心的。例如本文第3題，第五段的要點(diǎn)，就在段落第一句上，準(zhǔn)確理解了段落第一句，也就抓住了段落要點(diǎn)。DRoundandRoundTheyGoSpaceisbeingmorecrowded.QuiteafewlowEarthorbit(LEO)satelliteshavebeenlaunchedintothesky,whicharedesignedtomovearoundtheEarthonlyafewhundredkilometresaboveitssurface.SpaceXandOneWebplantolaunchLEOsatellitesintheirthousands,nothundreds,todoublethetotalnumberofsatellitesinorbit(軌道)by2027.ThatpromisestochangethingsonEarth.LEOsatellitescanbringInternetconnectivitytoplaceswhereitisstillunavailable.Thiswillalsobeasourceofnewdemandforthespaceeconomy.MorganStanley,abank,projectsthatthespaceindustrywillgrowfrom$350billionin2016tomorethan$1.1trillionby2040.NewInternetsatelliteswillaccountforhalfthisincrease.Forthattohappen,however,threeworriesmustbeovere.Debris(碎片)isthemostfamiliarconcern.WhenenoughsatelliteswerepackedintolowEarthorbits,anycollision(碰撞)couldcauseachainreactionwhichwouldeventuallydestroyallspaceships.OnesolutionistograbthesatelliteswithproblemsandpullthemdownintotheEarth’satmosphere.Anotheristomonitorspacemorecloselyfordebris.Buttechnologyisonlypartoftheanswer.RulesareneededtodealwitholdsatellitessafelyfromlowEarthorbits.Cyber(網(wǎng)絡(luò)的)securityisasecond,longstandingworry.Hackers(黑客)couldtakecontrolofasatelliteandstealintellectualproperty,redirectdataflowsorcauseacollision.Thesatelliteindustryhasbeenslowtorespondtosuchconcerns.Butasmoreoftheworld’spopulationestorelyonthespaceforaccesstotheInternet,theneedforactionwillintensify.Measureswillsurelybetakentoprotectnetworksecurity.Thethirdissuefollowsfromthefirsttwo.Ifthereisasimplemistakeoracyberattack,itmaycauseachainreactionwhichwipesouthundredsofbillionsofdollarsofinvestment.Whoisresponsibleforthat?Nowtheplansoffirmswishingtooperatelargenumbersofsatellitesarebeingstudied.Butthereisalongwaytogobeforetherisksarewellunderstood,letalonepriced.Asspacebeesmoremercializedmindbendingprospectsopenup:packagesmovedacrosstheplanetinminutesbyrocketratherthanbyplane,equipmentsenttoothersmallplanets,passengerslaunchedintoorbitandbeyond.Allthatandmoremaye,oneday.ButsuchactivitieswouldraisethesamequestionsasLEOsatellitesdo.Theymustbeansweredbeforethespaceeconomycantrulydevelop.32.WhatcanwelearnaboutLEOsatellitesfromthepassage?A.Theyaresupposedtolimitthespaceeconomy.B.Theyareexpectedtoincreaseinlargenumbers.C.TheyaredesignedtomovebeyondtheEarthasfaraspossible.D.TheyaremainlyintendedtobringInternetconnectivitytoremoteareas.33.Todealwithdebrisinspace,theauthorsuggests_______.A.dependingentirelyonthemoderntechnologyB.monitoringthemovementofspaceshipscarefullyC.strengtheningrulestoremoveoldsatellitessafelyD.destroyingallthesatelliteswithproblemsinstantly34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intensify”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Measure. B.Increase. C.Spread. D.Repeat.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthelaunchofLEOsatellites?A.Itshouldbefurtherconfirmedforitsownership.B.Itshouldbecontinuedbecauseofitsadvantages.C.Itshouldbedonecarefullytoavoidpotentialrisks.D.Itshouldbestoppedinfaceofthespaceeconomy.【答案】32.B33.C34.B35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。太空越來越擁擠，文章主要內(nèi)容為一家名為SpaceXandOneWeb的公司計(jì)劃在2027前發(fā)射數(shù)千上萬顆近地軌道衛(wèi)星之事，及對(duì)太空衛(wèi)星數(shù)量劇增而帶來的三個(gè)安全方面的擔(dān)憂。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句“SpaceXandOneWebplantolaunchLEOsatellitesintheirthousands,nothundreds,todoublethetotalnumberofsatellitesinorbit(軌道)by2027(SpaceXandOneWeb計(jì)劃發(fā)射數(shù)千上萬顆近地軌道衛(wèi)星將使軌道上衛(wèi)星總數(shù)量增加一倍。)”可知，LEO衛(wèi)星預(yù)計(jì)將大量增加。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句“RulesareneededtodealwitholdsatellitessafelyfromlowEarthorbits”可知，為了安全處理老舊的近地軌道衛(wèi)星，需要制定一些規(guī)則。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測題。由第四段中句子“Butasmoreoftheworld’spopulationestorelyonthespaceforaccesstotheInternet,theneedforactionwillintensify”可知，因?yàn)槭澜缟显絹碓蕉嗟娜艘蕾囂招l(wèi)星提供上因特網(wǎng)的通路，人們對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的需求將intensify。，可推斷，依賴太空衛(wèi)星的人數(shù)增多，因此對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的需求就增強(qiáng)了。故劃線詞與increase意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段最后一句“RulesareneededtodealwitholdsatellitessafelyfromlowEarthorbits.(需要有規(guī)則來安全地處理來自低地球軌道的舊衛(wèi)星)”、第四段最后一句“Measureswillsurelybetakentoprotectnetworksecurity(一定要采取措施保護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全)”及文末最后一句“Theymustbeansweredbeforethespaceeconomycantrulydevelop(在空間經(jīng)濟(jì)真正發(fā)展之前，必須回答這些問題)”可知，關(guān)于發(fā)射大量的近地軌道衛(wèi)星，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該小心慎行，避免潛在的危險(xiǎn)發(fā)生。故選C項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】詞義猜測題解題時(shí)往往借助上下文語境，有時(shí)也會(huì)運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法，大大提高詞義猜測的準(zhǔn)確性。本文中的intensify所在句前半句說“因?yàn)槭澜缟显絹碓蕉嗟娜艘蕾囂招l(wèi)星提供的上因特網(wǎng)的通路”，可知人們對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的需求將增強(qiáng)。Intense,adj.非常強(qiáng)烈的;緊張的;intensive,a.加強(qiáng)的;增強(qiáng)的;后綴fy是形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)后綴。結(jié)合前半句語意及構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，可推出intensify意為“使增強(qiáng)”。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。OurAmazingHandsThehandiswherethemindmeetstheworld.Weuseourhandstobuildfires,toflyairplanes,andtowrite.Thehumanbrain,withitsopenendedcreativity,maybethethingthatmakesthehumanraceunique.Butwithouthands,alltheideaswethinkupwouldetonothing.____36____Studyitcarefully,youwillfindsomethinginteresting.Thethumb(拇指)aloneiscontrolledbynineseparatemuscles.Thewristisagroupofbonesandmusclesconnectedwithnerves(神經(jīng)).Thenervessendbranchesintoeachfingertip,whichmakesthefingersextremelyflexible.____37____Earlyhandsseemedmoreunusualandinterestingthananyhandtoday.Someanimalshadsevenfingers.Othershadeight.Butbythetimevertebrates(脊椎動(dòng)物)appeared340millionyearsago,thehandhaddevelopedtoonlyfivefingers.____38____Nevertheless,therearestillmanydifferenttypesofhandsinlivinganimals.Afteryearsofresearch,scientistsarebeginningtounderstandthemolecular(分子的)changesinhands.____39____Thismakesthehandsofdifferentanimalsverysimilar.Thereisanetworkofmanygenes(基因)thatbuildsahand,andallhandsarebuiltonthatnetwork.Thediscoveryhasgivenscientistsadeeperunderstandingofthedevelopmentofhands.Abird’swingandalion’spaw(爪)mayappeartohavenothinginmon.____40____Itmayjustbealittlemoreofoneprotein(蛋白)here,alittlelessofanotherthere.Inthepast,scientistscouldrecognizeonlytheoutwardsignsthathandshaddevelopedfromamonancestor.Todayscientistsareuncoveringtheinwardsignsaswell.A.Handscanoftenbeusedforanumberofdifferentpurposes.B.Theyalsoseethatallhandsstartoutinmuchthesameway.C.Ithaskeptthatnumberforreasonsscientistsdon’tyetknow.D.Noonewoulddoubtthatthefivefingersaredifferentwitheachother.EButthedifferencebetweenthemmayedowntoatinychangeinform.F.Thereasonwecanuseourhandsforsomanythingsistheirspecialstructure.G.Soyoucanseeaskilledwatchmakerusehishandstosetspringsinplaceunderamicroscope.【答案】36.F37.G38.C39.B40.E【解析】本文是說明文。文章通過了分析科學(xué)家的研究介紹了我們神奇的手。手是心靈與世界相遇的地方。我們用手生火，飛飛機(jī)，寫字