2022級高二第一學(xué)期期末考試試題

2022級高二第一學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷命題人:丘夏楊郭新敏審題人：黃曉潔本試卷共8頁，滿分120分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列四篇短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWhenThanksgivingisdrawingnear,manyfamiliesaregettingreadytoenjoyatraditionthatgoesbackhundredsofyears:bakingandeatingdeliciouspie.Twoclassicdessertswillbattleitoutatholidaytables.Ispumpkinpiebetterthanapplepie?Yes—pumpkinpieisperfectThreereasonswhypumpkinpieisbetterthanapplepie1.AsoneofAmerica’sfirstcrops,pumpkinhasbeefall’ssignatureflavorsincetheearly18thcentury.Even300yearsago,Americansknewitwasthebestpie.2.Withitswarm,fortingmixofcinnamon(肉桂),nutmeg(豆蔻),andotherspices,deliciouspumpkinpiegivesyouperfectbitesthatmeltinyourmouth,whichsimplycan’tbebeaten.3.Asabonus,pumpkinsarepackedfullofvitaminsandnutrientsthataregoodforyourbody.Socutaperfectlyshapedsliceofpumpkingoodnessanddigin.No—applepieallthewayThreereasonswhypumpkinpieisnotbetterthanapplepie1.ApplepieisjustaboutasoldasourcountryandevenappearedinAmerica’sfirstcookbook.Haveyouheardtheexpression“It’sasAmericanasapplepie”?Noonesaysthataboutpumpkinpie!2.Therearecountlessvariationsontheclassic,withdifferentspicesandflavorings,driedfruitsandnuts,anddifferentcrusts(酥皮).Applepieistheclearwinnerforpeoplewholovethebalanceoffruitandbutterypiecrust.3.Toquoteanotherexpression,“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.”Thatmeansapplesarenutritiousandhelpkeepushealthy.Nowthatyou’vereadabitmoreaboutthisissue,clickheretovoteinourdebate.VoteYESifyouthinkpumpkinpieisbetterthanapplepieorNOifyoudon’t.We’llpublishtheresultsnextweek.Whatdopumpkinpieandapplepiehaveinmon?a.Theyarefullofnutrients.b.Theyhavesimilarflavor.c.TheyhavedeeprootsinAmerica.A.abB.bcC.acD.abc22.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Onamenu.B.Onawebsite.C.Inamagazine.D.Inacookbook.23.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toinvitereaderstovoteinadebate.B.Todistinguishpumpkinpiefromapplepie.C.Toadvertisepumpkinpieisbetterthanapplepie.D.ToencouragebakingandeatingpieatThanksgiving.BEugeneNewmanParker,aleadingfigureinheliospheric(日球?qū)拥?physicsforthepasthalfcentury,passedawaypeacefullyathishomeinChicagoonMar.15.Hewas94.Hailed(譽(yù)為)asavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.NASAevenstatedthat“thefieldofheliophysicsexistsinlargepartbecauseofDr.EugeneParker.In2018,Parkerbecamethefirstlivingscientisttowitnessthelaunchofaspacecraftthatwasnamedinhishonor.Parkerisbestknownforhisgroundbreakingtheoryontheexistenceofaphenomenoncalled“solarwind”,acontinuousstreamofchargedparticles(粒子)thatflowoffthesun.Itcanbeeviolent,causingspaceweatherthatimpactstheEarth.WhenParker’sresearchwaspublishedin1958,histheorywasinitiallymetwithskepticismandridiculebythescientificmunity.Thegeneralviewatthetimewasthatthespacebetweenplanetswasanabsolutevacuum(真空),andwasthuspletelyemptyofanymatter.But,therewerenoerrorsinhisstudyorhiscalculations,andthetheorywaslaterproventobecorrectin1962,whenaNASAspacecraftmissiontoVenusrevealedtheconstantpresenceofasupersonicwind—exactlyasParkerhadpredicted.ThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:“Ifyoudosomethingneworinnovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou’rewrong,youwanttobethefirstonetoknowthat.”Parkernevercoauthoredapaperwithhisstudents,thusurgingthemtobeindependent.Parkerwashumble,straightforward,andwise.HissonEricsaid,“MysisterJoyceandIdidn’tgetarealfeelforwhata‘bigdog’ourdadwasinthefield.”TheygotanevenbettersensewhenamonthafterParker’sdeath,theytraveledtoLund,Sweden,toacceptonhisbehalftheCrafoordPrizeinAstronomy.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?AspacecraftwasnamedinmemoryofParker.ThesunhaslesseffectsonEarththanexpected.Parkerdeservedcreditforhisgreatcontributions.NASAprovidednewinsightsintothelunareffect.WhydidpeopleviewParker’stheoryof“solarwind”skepticallyatfirst?Itwentagainstthepopularopinionatthattime.Somemistakeswerefoundinhiscalculations.ThepresenceofasupersonicwindwasprovenbyNASA.Matterwasbelievedtoexistinthespacebetweenplanets.26.WhatdidParkersuggestyoungresearchersdo?A.seekclosecooperation B.learnbytrialanderror C.avoidhighexpectations D.peteagainstothers27.WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribeParkeraccordingtothepassage?A.straightforwardandgenerous B.responsibleandaccessibleC.intelligentyetmean D.distinguishedyetmodestCAccordingtobodylanguageexpertRobertPhipps,thewaypeoplesleepatnightactuallydeterminesalotaboutthetypeofpersonalitytheyhave.Phippshasidentifiedfoursleepingpositionsthataffectpersonality.Phippsfoundthatworriers,thosewhostressthemost,tendtosleepinthefetalposition.Hefoundthatthisisthemostmonbedtimeposition,withnearly58percentofpeoplesleepingontheirsidewithkneesupandheaddown.Themorewecurlup,themorefortweareseeking,accordingtoPhipps.Thesecondmostmonpositionisthelog.Sleepingwithastraightbody,witharmsateachside，asiftheyarestandingguardatBuckinghamPalace，indicatesstubbornness,andthesepeople(the28percentwhosleepthisway)oftenwakeupstifferthanwhentheywenttosleep.“Thelongeryousleeplikethis,themorerigidyourthinkingisandyoucanbeeinflexible,whichmeansyoumakethingsharderforyourself,”accordingtoPhipps.Yearner(向往型)sleepersarenextonthelist.About25percentofpeoplesleepinthisstyle—ontheirsidewitharmsstretchedoutinfront,lookingasiftheyareeitherchasingadreamorperhapsbeingchasedthemselves.Yearnersaretypicallytheirownworstcritics,alwaysexpectingthebestresults,explainedPhipps.Thesepeopleoftenwakeuprefreshedandeagertofacethechallengesofthedayahead.Perhapsthemostpeculiarofsleepstylesisthefreefallerposition.Thissleepstylemakesup17percentofthepopulation.Theysleepfacedownwitharmsstretchedout.Thesepeople,accordingtoPhipps,feelliketheyhavelittlecontrolovertheirlife.Notonlyisthisthestrangestofsleepstyles,butalsotheleastfortable,andpeoplemaywakeupfeelingtiredandhavenoenergy.Inconclusion,Phippshasonlyonemorethingtoadd,“Agoodnight’ssleepsetsyouupforthefollowingdayandoursleepingpositionscandeterminehowwefeelwhenwewake.”Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?AGoodNight'sSleepSetsYouUpfortheFollowingDayYourPersonalityDependsaLotonHowYouSleepatNightHowYouSleepatNightAffectsWhatYouDotheNextDayWhichSleepingPositionHelpsYouSleepfortablyWhichofthefollowingpicturesisthefetalposition?Theunderlinedword“rigid”isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.stubbornB.flexibleC.fortableD.strange31.Whichsleepingpositionindicatesthatthesleepertendstoseekperfection?A.Thefetalposition. B.Thelogposition.C.Thefreefallerposition. D.Theyearnerposition.DSupermarketshelvesarefilledwithplantbasedalternativestocowmilk,includingsoy,nut,andcoconutmilk.Theseproductsarepopularwithconsumerswhocannotdrinkcows’milkforhealthreasons,aswellaswiththoseconcernedaboutanimalwelfareandenvironmentalsustainability.Whilethedairyfreeoptionsworkwellwithcerealorincoffee,theyfailmiserablywhenitestomakingmilkbasedproductslikecheeseoryogurt.However,theseshortingsmaysoonbeathingofthepast,thankstoanewpanyinCalifornia,whichhasfiguredouthowtocreateanimalfreemilkinalaboratory!PerumalGandhiandRyanPandyafoundedthepanyin2014afterbeingincreasinglyannoyedwiththelackofcows’milkfreealternatives,particularlyforcheese.ForGandhi,whostoppedconsuminganimalproductsfiveyearsearlierduetoenvironmentalandanimalwelfareconcerns,themotivationtocreateabetteralternativestemmedfromhisloveofcheesypizza.Pandyawasspurredintotakingactionafterbeingforcedtoeatsome“reallybad”dairyfreecreamcheeseonhissandwich.ThetwoMITbiomedicalengineeringscientistsdecidedtojoinforcestocreateamorerealisticalternativetodairybasedproducts.Intheiruniversitylab,thepairspentninemonthsfirstisolatingcowDNAtheninsertingitintoyeast(酵母).Thisgeneticmodificationenabledtheyeasttoproducethenecessarymilkproteins.Thefinalstepoftheprocessinvolvedmixingtheproteinswithsomeplantnutrientsandfats.Thedairyfreemilknotonlytastesliketherealthingbutisalsohealthier,hasalongershelflifeand,mostimportantofall,isEarthfriendly.Accordingtothepany’swebsite,whenparedtoconventionalmilkproduction,theirprocessuses65%lessenergy,creates84%lessgreenhousegasemissionsandrequires91%lesslandandanamazing98%lesswater!Bestofall,sinceitcontainsrealmilkproteins,theproductbehaveslikethecowproducedversion,whichmeansvegetarianconsumerswillnolongerhavetodealwithsoggycheeseontheirsandwichesandpizzas.Thepanyplanstobringtheircreationtomarketlaterthisyearandtheirfirstproductwillmostlikelybecheesesincetherearealreadynumerousgoodcows’milkalternativesavailabletoconsumers.32.Theunderlinedword"those"inparagraph1refersto_______.A.alternatives B.products C.people D.reasons33.Thepany’sfoundersweremotivatedtomakethenewproductbecauseof_______.A.theirdeepconcernfortheenvironmentB.thepoortasteofdairyfreecheesepresentlyavailableC.theoverconsumptionofthedairybasedproductsD.theirworrythatfarmanimalswerepoorlytreated34.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Thedairyfreeproductscannotbestoredforalongtime.B.Thenewproductswilltastebetterthandairybasedones.C.Cowfarmingcausesconsiderableenvironmentaldamage.D.Thedairyfreemilkwillbemoreexpensivethancow’smilk.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HealthierCheese B.NewMilkSavesPlanetC.FresherMilk,BetterFuture D.MakingMilkwithoutCows第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Alastminutevacationcanbeawonderfulsurpriseandanescapefromtheordinary.Itnormallytakesaweekendorafewdays.Youmightthinkthatalastminutevacationwillcostatonofmoney.36_______ Ifyoudecidetotakealastminutevacationtoanareayouvisitfrequently,callyourusualacmodationsandseeiftheyofferafavorablepricetorepeatcustomers.Ifyouhavemetthemanageronyourearliertrips,asktospeaktohimandexplainyoursituation.37_______Soit’spossibleforyoutogetagreatdeal. Somehotelswilloftenhaveroomsthattheycannotfill.38_______Talkcarefully,andyoumaybeabletopersuadethemintogivingyouadiscount. 39_______Saveontransportationcoststoadestinationnearby.Visitatownyou’veneverbeentobefore,orstayafewnightsinacitythatyouonlygotofordaytrips.LocalescapescanbejustasrelaxingasflyingtoHawaiifortheweekend,andwillprobablygiveyoumoretimeatyourdestination. Teenagersareoftenexcitedaboutthechancetogetoutoftheirparents’houseforaweekend.Socontactanyyoungcousinyoucantrustinthehousewhileyouareonvacation.40_______Youjustneedtoleavehimorhereasyinstructionsandsomefoodinthefridge.A.Heorshecanbeaskedtofeedthepets.B.Soprepareforalittleunexpectednessandrelax.C.Manysmallhotelsandinnsappreciateregularcustomers.D.Forthem,makingsomemoneyisbetterthanmakingnoneatall.E.Actually,youmaybeabletosaveafewdollarsifyouplansmart.F.Alastminutevacationdoesn’thavetobethousandsofmilesaway.G.Thekeytoagreatlastminutevacationisarefusaltostressdetails.第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。PreetChandi,anAsianwoman,returnedfromatrek(徒步旅行)acrossGreenlandlastyear.Shehopesto41_______anunsupportedtrekacrossAntarcticatothesouthpolebyherself.The700milejourneywilltakeabout45days.Shewillfacethe42_______coldof50℃whiledraggingasledweighing95kgwhenshe43_______.PreetChandi44_______itisatoughjourney.Butshefeelswellpreparedafteryearsof45_______.Inrecentweeksshehasbeen46_______tyresaroundthestreetsnearherhome.Shehasreceivedanumberofcuriousquestionsfrom47_______.“Ifyouefromamunitythatisnotinvolvedin48_______atall,itcanbereallyhard,”shesaid,addingthatanumberofpeoplethoughtshewasto49_______forSouthall,inwestLondon,nottothesouthpole.“It’sjustbeyondtheir50_______.”Inthesouthpole,onemay51_______nothinginfrontfordaysexceptsnow.Itisquiteamental52_______.Thus,herpartnerhasleftmessagesinsidehertent,whilefriendshave53_______voicenotesforhertolistentoonthejourney.Whenshereturns,sheplanstoputasidesomemoneyto54_______morewomentotryoutdooradventures.Sheispleasedtoseechangeinwhathas55_______beenamaledominatedarea.Whataninspiringwoman!41.A.abandon B.sponsor C.plete D.introduce42.A.bare B.bitter C.bearable D.breathless43.A.settlesdown B.checksout C.setsoff D.turnsup44.A.admits B.denies C.hopes D.prays45.A.working B.adjustment C.struggle D.training46.A.lifting B.dragging C.rolling D.pushing47.A.passersby B.explorers C.visitors D.cyclists48.A.activities B.adventures C.petitions D.sports49.A.push B.run C.head D.look50.A.control B.ability C.reach D.knowledge51.A.touch B.feel C.see D.smell52.A.challenge B.trouble C.dilemma D.success53.A.played B.recorded C.presented D.taken54.A.urge B.persuade C.mand D.fund55.A.extremely B.incredibly C.temporarily D.typically第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。將答案填寫在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置。WhenPeterS?ngerandLiangWugottogether,it56_______(strike)themthattheymustbelonglostfriends.Bothfirmlyadvocatethefight57_______airpollution.Theybelievethatifyoucan’tmeasureit,youcan’tbeatit.That’s58_______theyfoundedGreenCitySolutions,thesolutiontoquantifiablyimprovecityair.Theirinvention,theCityTree,actsasanairpurifier,aninteresting59_______(add)tourbantreesandgreenspaces.Rootedinscience,airpollutioncanbeeatenbytheverticalflatpaneled(平面的)“trees”60_______(dot)aroundcitiesacrossEurope,whilethe“trees”alsoactasseatsforpedestrians.S?ngerandWu’svisionisforaworldinwhichpeopleincitiescanlive61_______(healthy).Theylongtocreatelivingconditionsthatallowallpeoplearoundtheworldtopermanentlyhavecleanerair62_______(breathe).TheCityTreebines63_______airpurifyingfeatureofmosswithremotetechnologytoincreasetheairflowthroughthe“trees”.Thisallowsthemto“suckup”andcleanmoreairthannormal,andtheamounttheypurifycanbeincreased64_______(depend)onpollutionlevelsatdifferenttimesofday.TheGermangreentechstartupisnowfundedbytheEuropeanmission.ACityTreenetworkof15brandnewunitswillbesetupandtestedina65_______(science)wayinBerlin’spollutionhotspotsnextyear.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）（滿分15分）假定你是李華，下周你市將開辦中國國畫展，請給你校國際留學(xué)生John寫一封郵件，邀請他一同前往參觀。內(nèi)容包括：展覽的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)； 展覽的相關(guān)活動。注意：寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右； 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearJohn,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours,Lihua（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

“Ada!Milk!”Mamacalled.

Milk.ItwasAda’sturntogetit.Adasighedandshutherfirstaidbook.Herheadhurtfromreadinginthedimmorninglight,buthowelsewasshegoingtolearn?Adatiedthecowclosetoatree.Somewheredownthemountain,somevolunteerdoctorswereteachingmedic