湖南省湘西州2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷

湘西自治州2023年下學(xué)期高二年級(jí)期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)考生注意：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有2分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?A.Havingaclass.B.Watchinganactivity.C.CelebratingChildren’sDay.2.Whyisthemancalling?A.Tolookforajob.B.Toaskaboutaroom.C.Tobookatable.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inacoffeebar.C.Inasupermarket.4.WheredidJennyputthebike?A.Intheschool.B.Inthebackyard.C.Underabigtree.5.WhatisJames’planfortheholiday?A.TowatchTV.B.Toworkovertime.C.Tostudyforexams.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Helpcleanthehouse.B.Tourthehouse.C.Haveadrink.7.Whatdoesthewomandislikeaboutthelivingroom?A.Thesofa.B.Thecurtains.C.Thecoffeetable.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.HowdoesJackfindlivingintheguesthouse?A.Costly.B.Wonderful.C.Tough.9.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Jack’splan.B.Ajobinterview.C.Anewrestaurant.10.WhatpositionisJackapplyingfor?A.Acook.B.Awaiter.C.Amanager.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11.WhydoesMandycallJack?A.Toaskforlectureinformation.B.Tolearnaboutanexplorer.C.Toinvitehimtoalecture.12.Whendothespeakersplantogettothelecturehall?A.At3:30.B.At3:40.C.At4:00.13.HowisJackgoingtotheschool?A.Bybike.B.Bybus.C.Bysubway.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14.HowlonghasAndyworkedinhispresentpany?A.Severalyears.B.Severalmonths.C.Severalweeks.15.WhatdepartmentdoesAndyworkin?A.Theproductiondepartment.B.Themarketingdepartment.C.Thedesigndepartment.16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Coworkers.C.Bossandemployee.17.WhatisAndy’sattitudetohisnewboss?A.Favorable.B.Doubtful.C.Unsatisfied.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.WhereisLakeLouiselocated?A.FarfromtheCanadianRockies.B.InthenorthofCanada.C.Inanationalpark.19.WhatwastheAlbertatownnamedafter?A.Aperson.B.Arailwaystation.C.Acity.20.HowarethehotelsbuiltbytheCanadianPacificRailway?A.Modern.B.Cheap.C.Popular.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AThefollowingaresomemarketswhichhavebeetouristattractions.WienerChristkindlmarkt,AustriaKnownasVienneseDreamChristmasMarket,WienerChristkindlmarkt,orRathausplatz,isoneoftheAustriancapital’soldestandmosttraditionalattractions.Ithasa150squaremeterchildren’sicerink(溜冰場(chǎng)).TreeofHearts,agiantmapletreewithhundredsofshinningredhearts,isahotfavoritewithvisitorstohaveapicture.Opentime:November10—December26BaselChristmasMarket,SwitzerlandBaselChristmasMarketisdividedintotwodifferentsectionsatBarfusserplatzandMunsterplatz.FamilyattractionsincludetheChristmasfairytaletreeatMunsterplatzwithactivitiessuchasgingerbreadandcandledecorating,astarworkshopandafestivetrain.Opentime:November23—December23StrasbourgChristmasMarket,FranceOneofEurope’soldestChristmasmarkets,Strasbourgbeganbackin1570,drawinginovertwomillionpeopleeveryyear.PlaceKlebeisprobablyitsmostpopularplacethankstothegreatChristmastree.Opentime:November24—December24BrusselsWinterWonders,BelgiumBrusselsreallyestolifeatChristmastimethankstoWinterWonders,whichismorelikeafestivalthanamarket.Alightandsoundshow,iceskating,andpleasuregroundridesareamongtheactivitiestoenjoy,whilevisitorscanalsostareinwonderatthehugeChristmastreesetupinGrandPlace.Opentime:November11—December311.WhatcanvisitorsdoatRathausplatz?A.Appreciateasoundshow. B.Enjoyatrainrideinanicerink.C.Takephotoswithmanyredhearts. D.Ridewoodenhorsesinaplayground.2.WhatdothefourChristmasmarketshaveinmon?A.Theyhaveagreattree. B.Theyownagoodplaceforskating.C.Theyholdvariousactivitiesfortourists. D.Theyaretheoldestoneintheirowncountry.3.Whichmarketisopenforthelongesttime?A.WienerChristkindImarkt,Austria. B.BrusselsWinterWonders,Belgium.C.BaselChristmasMarket,Switzerland. D.StrasbourgChristmasMarket,France.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了歐洲四個(gè)已經(jīng)成為旅游景點(diǎn)的圣誕集市。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WienerChristkindlmarkt,Austria中“KnownasVienneseDreamChristmasMarket,WienerChristkindlmarkt,orRathausplatz(被稱為維也納夢(mèng)幻圣誕市場(chǎng)，維也納圣誕市場(chǎng)，或市政廳廣場(chǎng))”和“TreeofHearts,agiantmapletreewithhundredsofshinningredhearts,isahotfavoritewithvisitorstohaveapicture.(紅心之樹(shù)是一棵巨大的楓樹(shù)，上面有數(shù)百顆閃閃發(fā)光的紅心，是游客們的最愛(ài)的拍照點(diǎn))”可知，在市政廳廣場(chǎng)游客可以和許多紅心拍照。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WienerChristkindlmarkt,Austria中“TreeofHearts,agiantmapletreewithhundredsofshinningredhearts(紅心之樹(shù)是一棵巨大的楓樹(shù)，上面有數(shù)百顆閃閃發(fā)光的紅心)”、BaselChristmasMarket,Switzerland中“FamilyattractionsincludetheChristmasfairytaletreeatMunsterplatz(家庭景點(diǎn)包括明斯特廣場(chǎng)的圣誕童話樹(shù))”、StrasbourgChristmasMarket,France中“PlaceKlebeisprobablyitsmostpopularplacethankstothegreatChristmastree.(克萊伯廣場(chǎng)可能是它最受歡迎的地方，這要?dú)w功于那棵巨大的圣誕樹(shù))”和BrusselsWinterWonders,Belgium中“whilevisitorscanalsostareinwonderatthehugeChristmastreesetupinGrandPlace(游客們也可以驚奇地看著大廣場(chǎng)上的巨大圣誕樹(shù))”可知，這四個(gè)圣誕集市的共同之處在于都有一棵巨大的樹(shù)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WienerChristkindlmarkt,Austria中“Opentime:November10—December26(開(kāi)放時(shí)間：11月10日至12月26日)”、BaselChristmasMarket,Switzerland中“Opentime:November23—December23(開(kāi)放時(shí)間：11月23日至12月23日)”、StrasbourgChristmasMarket,France中“Opentime:November24—December24(開(kāi)放時(shí)間：11月24日至12月24日)”和BrusselsWinterWonders,Belgium中“Opentime:November11—December31(開(kāi)放時(shí)間：11月11日至12月31日)”可知，比利時(shí)布魯塞爾的“冬季奇觀”集市持續(xù)51天，開(kāi)放時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)。故選B項(xiàng)。BCynthia,72,hasworkedasaflightattendant(空乘人員)forSouthwestAirlinesforalmost20years.AfterhergranddaughterHannah,24,graduatedfromcollegeandwasn’tsurewhattodoexcepttraveling,sheeventuallydecidedtofollowinhergrandmother’sfootstepsandappliedtoSouthwest.WhenHannahgotheracceptancenotice,shewasoverjoyedandsowasCynthia.CynthiawaspresentatHannah’sflightattendantgraduationin2022.Andbehindthescenes,Cynthiawasalsotryingtomakesureshe’dbeonhergranddaughter’sfirstSouthwestflight.WhenHannahsawhergrandmaonherfirstflight,shewasverysurprised.Workingtogetherforthefirsttimewasexcitingforbothofthem.Itwasalong,multistoptrip—thetypeCynthia,withheryearsofseniority(資歷)attheairline,usuallyavoidsnowadays.ShemadeanexceptionforHannah.Whenshewaslittle,Hannahlovedhearinghergrandmother’sstoriesaboutherjob,andhadfondmemoriesofflyingwithhergrandmotherduringhersummervacation.ButwhileHannahalwaysthoughtCynthia’sjobwasamazingandexciting,shealsosawthetoughsidesofflightattendants’life.Oftenhergrandmotherwouldhavetoworkonholidaysandcouldn’ttakepartinthefamilyactivities.Cynthiaalsowantedtopassonwisdomtohergranddaughter.ShekepttellingHannahthatflightattendantsflewallthetime,soeverythingwasprettysimpleandeasyforthem.Passengerssometimesjustflewonceayearandsoflightattendantshadtotakeitintoconsiderationthattheyhadtohelpthesepeople,showingthemtheway,answeringquestions,andshowingsomeenthusiasm.HannahsaysCynthiabringsthisempathy(同理心)toeveryaspectofherlife,andithasalwaysinspiredher.“That’sonethingthatshehastaughtme—she’sjustsosympatheticandsoquicktohelpanyone.Iseeitwhenwe’reworkingoroutsideofwork.Shereallyhasthebestheart,”saysHannah.4.WhatdidCynthiakeepsecretfromHannah?A.HoldingabigcelebrationforHannah.BWorkingtogetheronHannah’sfirstflight.C.Planningalong,multistoptripforHannah.D.AskingotherflightattendantstohelpHannah.5.WhatdidHannahthinkofflightattendants’work?A.Itwaseasyandwellpaid.B.Itbroughtlotsofdangeranduncertainty.C.Itwasinterestingallthetime.D.Itsometimesmeantmissingfamilygatherings.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wisdom”inparagraph4referto?A.Theflightattendants’fortunetoflyallthetime.B.Skillsindealingwithcoworkersduringflights.C.Theconceptofservingpassengerswholeheartedly.D.Emergenciesflightattendantsmaymeet.7.WhatdoesHannahlearnfromhergrandmother?A.Tryingtocherishgoodmemoriesofherflying.B.Helpingothersanytimeandanywhere.C.Continuingworkingtillthelastminute.D.Correctingeverymistakeinherflightjob.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了Hannah追尋奶奶的腳步成為空乘人員的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WhenHannahsawhergrandmaonherfirstflight,shewasverysurprised.Workingtogetherforthefirsttimewasexcitingforbothofthem.”（當(dāng)漢娜在自己第一次飛行任務(wù)的飛機(jī)上看到她的奶奶時(shí)，她非常驚訝。第一次一起工作對(duì)他們倆來(lái)說(shuō)都是令人興奮的）可知，辛西婭對(duì)漢娜隱瞞了一起完成漢娜的第一次飛行。故選B項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Oftenhergrandmotherwouldhavetoworkonholidaysandcouldn’ttakepartinthefamilyactivities.”（她的祖母經(jīng)常不得不在假期工作，不能參加家庭活動(dòng)）可知，漢娜認(rèn)為空乘人員的工作有時(shí)這意味著錯(cuò)過(guò)家庭聚會(huì)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“ShekepttellingHannahthatflightattendantsflewallthetime,soeverythingwasprettysimpleandeasyforthem.Passengerssometimesjustflewonceayearandsoflightattendantshadtotakeitintoconsiderationthattheyhadtohelpthesepeople,showingthemtheway,answeringquestions,andshowingsomeenthusiasm.”（她不停地告訴漢娜，空乘人員一直在飛行，所以對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)一切都很簡(jiǎn)單容易。有時(shí)乘客一年只坐一次飛機(jī)，所以空乘人員必須考慮到他們必須幫助這些人，為他們指路，回答問(wèn)題，并表現(xiàn)出一些熱情。）可知，辛西婭也想把全心全意為旅客服務(wù)的理念傳遞給她的孫女。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“That’sonethingthatshehastaughtme—she’sjustsosympatheticandsoquicktohelpanyone.Iseeitwhenwe’reworkingoroutsideofwork.Shereallyhasthebestheart”（這是她教會(huì)我一件事——她很有同情心，而且很快就會(huì)幫助任何人。無(wú)論是工作還是工作之外，我都能看到它。她的心腸真的很好）可知，漢娜從她的祖母那里學(xué)到了隨時(shí)隨地幫助他人。故選B項(xiàng)。CManypreviousstudieshaveindicatedthatfrequentwalkingwasassociatedwithalowerriskofdevelopingtype2diabetes(糖尿病)inthegeneralpopulation,inawaythatthosewithmoretimespentwalkingperdaywereatalowerrisk.Buttheirfindingshaven’tofferedmuchguidanceonthebesthabitualwalkingspeedneededtolowerdiabetesrisk.Anewstudy’sauthorsreviewed10previousstudiesconductedbetween1999and2022,whichassessed(評(píng)估)thelinksbetweenwalkingspeedandthedevelopmentoftype2diabetesamongadultsfromtheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdomandJapan.Afterafollowupperiodofeightyearsonaverage,paredwiththosewhotookeasyorcasual(休閑的)walking(lessthan2milesperhour),thosewhowalkedatanaverageornormalpace(2to3milesperhour)hada15%lowerriskofdevelopingtype2diabetes,theresearchersfound.Walkingata“fairlyquick”pace(3to4milesperhour)meanta24%lowerriskthanthosewhoeasilyorcasuallywalked.Andquickwalking(morethan4milesperhour)hadthebiggestbenefit:a39%reductioninrisk.Theoverallmessageisthatwalkingisanimportantwaytoimproveyourhealth.Itmaybetruethatwalkingfasterisevenbetter.ButgiventhefactthatmostAmericansdonotgetsufficientwalkinginthefirstplace,itismostimportanttoencouragepeopletowalkmoreasthey’reableto.Ifyouwanttochallengeyourself,however,usingafitnesstracker—viaawatchorsmartphoneapp—canhelpyoumeasureandmaintainyourwalkingpace,expertssaid.Ifyoucan’tgetafitnesstracker,aneasyalternativefortrackingexerciseintensity(強(qiáng)度)istheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention’s“talktest”,whichreliesonunderstandinghowphysicalactivityaffectsheartrateandbreathing.If,whilewalking,you’reabletotalkinalaboredvoicebutnotsing,yourpaceisprobablyquick.8.Howdidtheresearchersgetthenewfindings?A.Bystudyingformerresearch. B.Byinterviewingvolunteers.C.Bycarryingoutanexperiment. D.Byconductinganonlinesurvey.9.Whichtypeofwalkingisthebestforreducingdiabetesrisk?A.Easywalking. B.Quickwalking.C.Averagewalking. D.Casualwalking.10.WhatmattersmosttoAmericansindiabetesprevention?A.Buyingafitnesstracker. B.Avoidingeatingtoomuch.C.Followingthe“talktest”rule. D.Walkingasmuchaspossible.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Walking:theSecrettoPhysicalHealthB.Walking:theEndofDiabeticPatients’WorriesC.Walking:aSimpleWaytoReduceDiabetesRiskD.Walking:anEffectiveTreatmentforDiabetes【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)介紹一些研究結(jié)果講述了減低糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的簡(jiǎn)單方法——步行?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Anewstudy’sauthorsreviewed10previousstudiesconductedbetween1999and2022,whichassessed(評(píng)估)thelinksbetweenwalkingspeedandthedevelopmentoftype2diabetesamongadultsfromtheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdomandJapan.Afterafollowupperiodofeightyearsonaverage,paredwiththosewhotookeasyorcasual(休閑的)walking(lessthan2milesperhour),thosewhowalkedatanaverageornormalpace(2to3milesperhour)hada15%lowerriskofdevelopingtype2diabetes,theresearchersfound.(一項(xiàng)新研究的作者回顧了1999年至2022年間進(jìn)行的10項(xiàng)先前的研究，這些研究評(píng)估了美國(guó)、英國(guó)和日本成年人步行速度與2型糖尿病發(fā)展之間的聯(lián)系。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在平均8年的隨訪期后，與那些輕松或隨意走路(每小時(shí)少于2英里)的人相比，那些以平均或正常速度走路(每小時(shí)2至3英里)的人患2型糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了15%。)”可知，新發(fā)現(xiàn)是通過(guò)研究以前的研究獲得的。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Walkingata“fairlyquick”pace(3to4milesperhour)meanta24%lowerriskthanthosewhoeasilyorcasuallywalked.Andquickwalking(morethan4milesperhour)hadthebiggestbenefit:a39%reductioninrisk.(以“相當(dāng)快”的速度走路(每小時(shí)3到4英里)比那些輕松或隨意走路的人的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低24%?？熳?每小時(shí)超過(guò)4英里)的好處最大：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低39%。)”可知，快速步行對(duì)減少糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最好。故選B。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“ButgiventhefactthatmostAmericansdonotgetsufficientwalkinginthefirstplace,itismostimportanttoencouragepeopletowalkmoreasthey’reableto.(但考慮到大多數(shù)美國(guó)人一開(kāi)始就沒(méi)有足夠的步行量，最重要的是鼓勵(lì)人們盡可能多走路。)”可知，對(duì)于美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)最重要的事盡可能的多走路。故選D。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“Theoverallmessageisthatwalkingisanimportantwaytoimproveyourhealth.Itmaybetruethatwalkingfasterisevenbetter.(總的來(lái)說(shuō)，步行是改善健康的一種重要方式。走得越快越好也許是真的。)”并縱觀全文可知，文章主要講述了走路對(duì)減低糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是有益的，并建議多走路。因此推斷C項(xiàng)“步行——減低糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的簡(jiǎn)單方法”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。DFormorethan50years,seawaterhasflowedthroughtheHongKong’stoilets.Andin2013,HongKongbuiltasystemthatusedseawatertocoolpartofthecity.Thesystemsendscoldseawatertoafactorywithheatexchangers.Theseawatertakesinheattocoolpipesfullofcirculating(循環(huán)的)water.Thatcooledwaterthenflowsintobuildingstocoolrooms.Theslightlywarmedseawaterissentbacktotheocean.Knownasdistrictcooling,thistypeofsystemtendstousefarlessenergythantypicalairconditioners.HowmuchwaterandenergyhadthisstrategysavedHongKong?Andwhyweren’tothercoastalcitiesdoingthis?AteamattheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnologysetoutforanswers.TheyfocusedonHongKongandtwootherbigcoastalcities:Jeddah,SaudiArabia,andMiami,Fla.Theideawastoseewhatitmightlooklikeifallthreeadoptedcitywidesaltwatersystems.Allthreeplaceswouldsavelotsoffreshwaterandenergy,theresearchersfound.Thesesavingscamefromthemoreefficientsaltwaterairconditioning.Thoughcostlytobuild,saltwatercoolingsystemscouldpayoffinthelongrunformanycities.Theresearchersfiguredouthowemissions(排放)ofgreenhousegaseswoulddropifeachcityinsteadusedseawaterforcoolingandflushing(沖刷).Next,theystudiedhowmuchpollutionwouldbecreatedtobuildthenewsystem.Theyparedtheseresultstoseehowemissionsofclimatewarminggaseswouldchangeforeachcity.HongKongwouldseethebiggestcutingreenhousegasesifthesystemwereexpandedtothewholecity.Itcoulddropbysome250,000tonseachyear.Miamicouldseeadropofaround7,700tonsofcarbonpollutionperyear.SaltwatercoolingwouldcausemoreplanetwarminggasesinJeddahthanitwouldsave.Thereason:Jeddah’sunplannedurbanexpansionandallthepipesthatwouldbeneededtoserviceit.Thepollutioningfrombuildingsuchalargesystemwouldbehigherthanwhatthesystemwouldsave.12.WhatcanseawaterdoinHongKong’sdistrictcoolingsystem?A.Itisusedtoflushallofthetoilets. B.Itrunsintobuildingstocoolrooms.C.Itcirculatesinpipestowarmtheair. D.Itabsorbsheattocoolthewaterinpipes.13.Whatwasthemainpurposeoftheresearch?A.Totestifsaltwatercoolingsystemsarefitforallcoastalcities.B.Tofindwaystobuildmoreefficientsaltwatercoolingsystems.C.TopopularizeHongKong’senergyreductionmeasures.D.ToapplyHongKong’sexperiencetoJeddahandMiami.14.Whataretheresearchers’attitudetobuildingasaltwatercoolingsysteminJeddah?A.Supportive. B.Unclear.C.Mixed. D.Opposed.15.Whatcanweknowaboutsaltwatercoolingsystemsfordifferentcities?A.Killtwobirdswithonestone. B.Thereisnoonesizefitsallway.C.Twowrongsdon’tmakearight. D.Oneman’sfaultisanotherman’slesson.【答案】12.D13.A14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了海水冷卻系統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，并測(cè)試了是否所有沿海城市都適合建立該系統(tǒng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Thesystemsendscoldseawatertoafactorywithheatexchangers.Theseawatertakesinheattocoolpipesfullofcirculating(循環(huán)的)water.Thatcooledwaterthenflowsintobuildingstocoolrooms.Theslightlywarmedseawaterissentbacktotheocean.(該系統(tǒng)將冷海水送到裝有熱交換器的工廠。海水吸收熱量，冷卻充滿循環(huán)水的管道。然后冷卻水流入建筑物，冷卻房間。稍微變暖的海水被送回海洋)”可知，在冷卻系統(tǒng)中，海水吸收熱量來(lái)冷卻管道中的水。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“HowmuchwaterandenergyhadthisstrategysavedHongKong?Andwhyweren’tothercoastalcitiesdoingthis?AteamattheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnologysetoutforanswers.(這個(gè)策略為香港節(jié)省了多少水和能源？為什么其他沿海城市沒(méi)有這樣做？香港科技大學(xué)的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)著手尋找答案)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究的主要目的是測(cè)試海水冷卻系統(tǒng)是否適用于所有沿海城市。故選A。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“SaltwatercoolingwouldcausemoreplanetwarminggasesinJeddahthanitwouldsave.Thereason:Jeddah’sunplannedurbanexpansionandallthepipesthatwouldbeneededtoserviceit.Thepollutioningfrombuildingsuchalargesystemwouldbehigherthanwhatthesystemwouldsave.(海水冷卻在吉達(dá)產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體比它所能節(jié)省的還要多。原因是：吉達(dá)的城市擴(kuò)張沒(méi)有計(jì)劃，而且需要大量的管道為其提供服務(wù)。建造這樣一個(gè)大型系統(tǒng)所產(chǎn)生的污染將高于該系統(tǒng)所節(jié)省的污染)”可推知，研究人員反對(duì)在吉達(dá)建造鹽水冷卻系統(tǒng)。故選D。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“HongKongwouldseethebiggestcutingreenhousegasesifthesystemwereexpandedtothewholecity.Itcoulddropbysome250,000tonseachyear.Miamicouldseeadropofaround7,700tonsofcarbonpollutionperyear.SaltwatercoolingwouldcausemoreplanetwarminggasesinJeddahthanitwouldsave.Thereason:Jeddah’sunplannedurbanexpansionandallthepipesthatwouldbeneededtoserviceit.Thepollutioningfrombuildingsuchalargesystemwouldbehigherthanwhatthesystemwouldsave.(如果該系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展到整個(gè)城市，香港的溫室氣體排放量將減少得最多。每年可減少約25萬(wàn)噸。邁阿密每年可以減少約7700噸的碳污染。海水冷卻在吉達(dá)產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體比它所能節(jié)省的還要多。原因是:吉達(dá)的城市擴(kuò)張沒(méi)有計(jì)劃，而且需要大量的管道為其提供服務(wù)。建造這樣一個(gè)大型系統(tǒng)所產(chǎn)生的污染將高于該系統(tǒng)所節(jié)省的污染)”可推知，并不是所有的沿海城市有適合建立海水冷卻系統(tǒng)，沒(méi)有一刀切的辦法。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Somepeoplelookasiftheyaresimplybornwiththecertainsocialskillthatenablesthemtomakefriendswithsucheasethatitseemsprettyunbelievable.Theyenduphavingtonsoffriendsinnotime.____16____.Somehavetoworkabitharderinordertogainsomeone’sattentionandfriendship.Thegoodthingis,therearemanywaystoimproveyoursocialskillsandmakeyourfriendcircleevenbigger.◎____17____Havingfunonyourownisthefirststeptowardsmakingagoodbasisforafuturefriendship.Ifyoulearnhowtohavefunonyourown,itismorelikelythatyouwillmeetsomeonewhohassimilarinterestsandalsoneedsafriend.◎ExpandyourviewandfindnewthingstodoWhenyouhavemanythingsyoulikedoing,thebetterchancesarethatyouwillbemeetingpeoplewhoarealsointothesamethings.Youcanalsomakefriendswithsomeonewithoutthesamehobbies.Thereisnorulethatyouhavetobefriendswiththosewholikethesamethings.____18____.◎SocialgatheringsarethebestwayofmeetingfriendsEverytimeyouhaveachancetogettogetherwithothers,don’tmissit.____19____.Or,ifyoureallypreferstayingathome,therearealwaysonlinegroupswithpeople,whopreferhangingoutwithothersfromthefortoftheirhomesaswell.◎MakethecircleofyourfriendswithconfidenceAfterdoingeverythingabove,youwillnoticeatonepointhowyou’vegotyourconfidenceback.____20____.Justbeingconfident,satisfiedandhappywillmakeyouafriendmagnetandbringyoufriendcircles.A.It’sjusteasier,nothingelseB.Still,notallpeoplearelikethatC.GetoutofyourfortzoneabitD.LearnhowtoentertainyourselffirstE.NooneelseisgoingtomakeithappenforyouF.AlmostanysocialpartyissuitableformakingfriendsG.Thatisthemostimportantinimprovingyoursocialskills【答案】16.B17.D18.A19.F20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了可以提高社交技能的很多方法，從而使朋友圈更大?！?6題詳解】由上文“Somepeoplelookasiftheyaresimplybornwiththecertainsocialskillthatenablesthemtomakefriendswithsucheasethatitseemsprettyunbelievable.Theyenduphavingtonsoffriendsinnotime.(有些人似乎天生就具有某種社交技巧，使他們能夠輕松地交朋友，這似乎令人難以置信。他們很快就有了一大堆朋友)”和下文“Somehavetoworkabitharderinordertogainsomeone’sattentionandfriendship.Thegoodthingis,therearemanywaystoimproveyoursocialskillsandmakeyourfriendcircleevenbigger.(有些人為了獲得某人的關(guān)注和友誼，不得不更加努力。好處是，有很多方法可以提高你的社交技能，使你的朋友圈更大)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“不同的人的交友情況不一樣”有關(guān)的話題，故B選項(xiàng)“Still,notallpeoplearelikethat(盡管如此，并不是所有的人都是這樣)”能承上啟下，符合題意。故選B。【17題詳解】由下文“Havingfunonyourownisthefirststeptowardsmakingagoodbasisforafuturefriendship.Ifyoulearnhowtohavefunonyourown,itismorelikelythatyouwillmeetsomeonewhohassimilarinterestsandalsoneedsafriend.(獨(dú)自玩樂(lè)是為未來(lái)友誼打下良好基礎(chǔ)的第一步。如果你學(xué)會(huì)了如何自己找樂(lè)子，你就更有可能遇到和你有相似興趣的人，也需要一個(gè)朋友)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“獨(dú)自玩樂(lè)”有關(guān)的話題，故D選項(xiàng)“Learnhowtoentertainyourselffirst(先學(xué)會(huì)如何自?shī)首詷?lè))”能概括本段段意，符合題意。故選D?！?8題詳解】由上文“Whenyouhavemanythingsyoulikedoing,thebetterchancesarethatyouwillbemeetingpeoplewhoarealsointothesamethings.Youcanalsomakefriendswithsomeonewithoutthesamehobbies.Thereisnorulethatyouhavetobefriendswiththosewholikethesamethings.(當(dāng)你有很多你喜歡做的事情時(shí)，你更有可能遇到和你有同樣愛(ài)好的人。你也可以和沒(méi)有相同愛(ài)好的人交朋友。沒(méi)有規(guī)定說(shuō)你一定要和志同道合的人做朋友)”可知，拓展你的視野，找到新的事情做不是交友的必要條件，只是讓人們更容易交友，故A選項(xiàng)“It’sjusteasier,nothingelse(這只是更容易，沒(méi)有別的)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選A?！?9題詳解】由本段小標(biāo)題“Socialgatheringsarethebestwayofmeetingfriends(社交聚會(huì)是結(jié)交朋友的最好方式)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“社交聚會(huì)”有關(guān)的話題，故F選項(xiàng)“Almostanysocialpartyissuitableformakingfriends(幾乎任何社交聚會(huì)都適合交朋友)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選F。【20題詳解】由上文“Afterdoingeverythingabove,youwillnoticeatonepointhowyou’vegotyourconfidenceback.(在做了以上所有的事情之后，你會(huì)注意到你是如何找回自信的)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“自信與交友”有關(guān)的話題，故G選項(xiàng)“Thatisthemostimportantinimprovingyoursocialskills(這對(duì)提高你的社交能力是最重要的)”能承接上文，符合題意，最重要的事情放在最后來(lái)說(shuō)。故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Evenwhenyouhaveconfidenceinyourself,yourgoalswillsometimesseemoutofreach.Whenthathappens,getholdofthepeoplewho____21____youandyourgoalsanddon’tletgo!WhenIwasyounger,I____22____becauselifefeltsohard.Ihad____23____tobeeateacherorabusinessadministrator.IknewIneededacollegedegree,butIhad____24____believinginmyself.Thenateacherinmyhighschool____25____me.Hetoldmethreethings:First,ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself,itwillbe____26____togetanyoneelsetobelieveinyou.Second,neverletotherpeople’s____27____toseeyourbrilliancepreventyoufrombeingbrilliant.Andthird,despitelife’s____28____,sticktocreatingthefutureyouwant.Earlyinmy____29____,Iwasteachingaworkshopwhenapersonintheaudienceyelledouttome.HetoldmeIhad_____30_____madeajobchoiceandhadabrightfuture.This_____31_____feedback(反饋)cameatjusttherighttime,becausewhiletheaudiencedidn’tknowit,Iwas_____32_____selfdoubt.Evennow,I_____33_____myselfthatIhaveabrightfuture.That’swhatItellmyselfwhenI_____34_____successandfailure.Youhaveabrightfutureahead.Thinkaboutthiseverysingleday.Rememberyourtalents,skills,andinterests.Explorethejobsthatinterestyou,andhavecourage—andmost_____35_____,believeinyourself.21.A.referto B.dependon C.learnfrom D.believein22.A.quit B.struggled C.regretted D.argued23.A.responsibilities B.dreams C.opportunities D.doubts24.A.stopped B.admitted C.allowed D.considered25.A.tracked B.remended C.acpanied D.encouraged26.A.serious B.possible C.hard D.necessary27.A.request B.unwillingness C.inability D.attempt28.A.difficulties B.options C.aims D.standards29.A.career B.experiment C.business D.recovery30.A.foolishly B.simply C.wisely D.bravely31.A.original B.familiar C.typical D.positive32.A.lookinginto B.takingdown C.dealingwith D.pointingout33.A.introduce B.remind C.guarantee D.warn34.A.experience B.describe C.pare D.limit35A.probably B.fortunately C.obviously D.importantly【答案】21.D22.B23.B24.A25.D26.C27.C28.A29.A30.C31.D32.C33.B34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是議論文。文章作者探討了在追求事業(yè)時(shí)，要相信自己?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，抓住那些相信你和你的目標(biāo)的人，不要放手!A.referto指的是；B.dependon依靠；C.learnfrom從……學(xué)習(xí)；D.believein相信。根據(jù)前文“Evenwhenyouhaveconfidenceinyourself,yourgoalswillsometimesseemoutofreach.(即使你對(duì)自己有信心，你的目標(biāo)有時(shí)也會(huì)顯得遙不可及。)”和下文“Thenateacherinmyhighschool____5____me.”可知，即使相信自己，目標(biāo)也達(dá)不到，因此要求助他人，抓住那些相信你的人求助。故選D【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我小的時(shí)候，我因?yàn)樯罡杏X(jué)很困難而掙扎。A.quit退出；B.struggled掙扎；C.regretted遺憾；D.argued爭(zhēng)論。根據(jù)后文“becauselifefeltsohard”可知，生活艱難，因此作者掙扎。故選B。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我曾夢(mèng)想成為一名教師和企業(yè)管理者。A.responsibilities責(zé)任；B.dreams夢(mèng)想；C.opportunities機(jī)會(huì)；D.doubts懷疑。根據(jù)后文“tobeeateacherorabusinessadministrator”可知，這是作者的夢(mèng)想。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道我需要一個(gè)大學(xué)學(xué)位，但我不再相信自己。A.stopped停止；B.admitted承認(rèn)；C.allowed允許；D.considered考慮。根據(jù)前文“Hetoldmethreethings:First,ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself”可知，作者不再相信自己。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我高中的一個(gè)老師鼓勵(lì)我。A.tracked處理；B.remended推薦；C.acpanied陪伴；D.encouraged鼓勵(lì)。根據(jù)后文“Hetoldmethreethings:First,ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself”可知，這位老師鼓勵(lì)我。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：第一，如果你不相信自己，就很難讓別人相信你。A.serious嚴(yán)肅的；認(rèn)真的；B.possible可能的；C.hard困難的；D.necessary必要的。根據(jù)前文“ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，如果你不相信自己，也很難讓別人相信你。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：第二，永遠(yuǎn)不要讓別人看