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第頁第三部分翻譯全真試題1996年專八翻譯真題(原文)

近讀報紙,對國內(nèi)名片和請柬的爭論頗多,于是想起客居巴黎時常常見到的法國人手中的名片和請柬,隨筆登記來,似乎不無借鑒之處。在巴黎,名目繁多的酒會,冷餐會是廣交朋友的好機會。在這種場合生疏人相識,假如是亞洲人,他們往往開口之前先畢恭畢敬地用雙手把自己的名片呈遞給對方,這似乎是不可缺少的禮節(jié)。然而,法國人一般卻都不大主動遞送名片,雙方見面寒喧幾句甚至海闊天空地聊一番也就各自走開。只有當(dāng)雙方談話投機,盼望接著交往時,才會主動掏出名片。二話不說先遞名片反倒有些牽強。法國人的名片講究樸實大方,印制精致,但很少有鑲金邊兒的,閃光多色的或帶香味兒的,名片上的字體纖細秀麗,本人的名字也不過分突出,整張紙片上空白很大,毫無擁擠不堪的感覺。(參考譯文)

Inreadingrecentnewspapers,IhavecometofindthatpeopleinChinahavebecomemoreandmoreinterestedindiscussingaboutnamecardsandinvitationletters.ThishastriggeredmyreminiscencesofthenamecardsandinvitationlettersoftheFrenchpeoplethatIsawwhenIwasresidinginParis.Inwritingdownthoserandomreminiscences,Ibelievethattheymightprovidesomeusefulinformationforustolearnfrom.InParis,allthewinepartiesandbuffetreceptionsheldonvariousoccasionsprovideoptimumopportunitiestomakefriendswithallvarietiesofpeople.Whenencounteringastrangeronsuchanoccasion,anAsianwouldinvariablyhandoverhisnamecardtothenewly-metstrangerwithfullreverence,withbothofhishands,evenbeforehestartstoconversewiththestranger.Suchanactseemstohavebecomeanindispensableritual(formality/etiquette).Bycontrast,anaverageFrenchmanseldomtakestheinitiativeto(offersto/volunteersto)presenthisnamecard.Instead,hewouldsimplywalkawayafteranexchangeofroutinegreetingsorevensomeaimless(random/casual)chat.Onlywhenbothsidesbecomedeeplyengrossed(engaged/involved)intheirconversationandhavetheintentiontomakefurtheracquaintancewitheachotherwouldtheyoffertogivetheirnamecards.ItwouldseemsomehowbizarreifaFrenchpersonoffershisnamecardwithoutsayinganythingtothestrangerinthefirstplace.TheFrenchtendtotakeextraordinaryprecautiontomaketheirnamecardssimpleyetelegant.Exquisitelydesignedandprinted,theirnamecardsareseldomgolden-framed,orcolorfullyshiny,ortintedwithfragrantsmells.Thelettersasappearontheirnamecardstendtobediminutivebutbeautiful,notallowingthenameofthecard-bearertobeoverlyprominent/salient.Theentirecardcontainsmuchemptyspace,impartingnosenseofover-crowdedness.SectionB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)

Fourmonthsbeforetheelectionday,fivemengatheredinasmallconferenceroomattheReagan-Bushheadquartersandreviewedanoversizecalendarthatmarkedtheremainingdaysofthe1984presidentialcampaign.ItwasthelastSaturdayinJuneandatteno'clockinthemorningtherestoftheofficewaspracticallydeserted.Evenso,themenkeptthedoorshutandthedrapescarefullydrawn.Thethreeprincipalsandtheirtwodeputieshadcomefromaroundthecountryforacriticalmeeting.TheiraimwastodeviseastrategythatwouldguaranteeRonaldReagan'sresoundingreelectiontoasecondtermintheWhiteHouse.Itshouldhavebeeneasy.Thesewerebattle-testedveteranswithlongtiestoReaganandevenlongeronestotheRepublicanparty,menwhounderstoodpresidentialpoliticsaswellasanyinthecountry.Thebackdropofthecampaignwashospitable,withlotsofgoodnewstoworkwith:Americawasatpeace,andthenation'seconomy,akeyfactorinanyelection,wasreboundingvigorouslyafterrecession.Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyofmoneyforatopflightstaff,travel,andtelevisioncommercials.And,mostimportant,theircandidatewasRonaldReagan,apresidentoftremendouspersonalpopularityanddazzlingcommunicationskills.ReaganhassucceededmorethananypresidentsinceJohn.F.KennedyinprojectingabroadvisionofAmerica-anationofrenewedmilitarystrength,individualinitiative,andsmallerfederalgovernment.(參考譯文)

在離選舉日還有四個月的時間,有五個人聚集在里根-布什總部的一個小型會議室里,翻著看一張碩大無比的日歷,日歷上清楚地標(biāo)識出了1984年總統(tǒng)競選剩下的日子。這是六月份的最終一個星期六的上午10時,整幢辦公樓的其他部分幾近人去樓空。即便如此,這幾個人仍將大門緊閉,當(dāng)心翼翼地拉下窗簾。三個主要人物和其二個副手從美國的不同地方匯聚在一起,召開一個殊為重要的會議。他們的目標(biāo)是構(gòu)思出一種策略,來確保里根能再次當(dāng)選,在第二任期內(nèi)再度入主白宮。要謀求再次當(dāng)選理應(yīng)輕而易舉。這是一些久經(jīng)沙場的退伍老兵,及里根有著千絲萬縷的漫長聯(lián)系,及共和黨的聯(lián)系甚至更為久遠。這些人深諳總統(tǒng)政治,一如他們熟知這個國家中的全部政治事務(wù)那樣。競選的背景特別宜人,可供大做文章的好消息俯拾皆是:美國正置身于太平盛世之中;作為選舉的一個關(guān)鍵因素,整個國家的經(jīng)濟在步出蕭條期之后正強勁反彈。此外,競選本身所籌得的款項更是不計其數(shù)。用于支付一流水平的競爭班子工作人員工資,進行巡回造勢,以和制作播放電視廣告的錢款綽綽有余。最為重要的是,他們所推介的總統(tǒng)候選人是羅納爾德·里根(RonaldReagan),一位風(fēng)度翩翩,魅力無窮,又極具迷人溝通技巧的執(zhí)政總統(tǒng)。及約翰·F·肯尼迪(JohnF.Kennedy)以來的任何一位歷屆總統(tǒng)相比,里根更成功地勾畫出了一幅廣袤的關(guān)于美國將來的前景--美國將成了一個重振軍事雄風(fēng),民眾富于個人進取心,聯(lián)邦政府更加精簡高效的國家。

1997專八翻譯真題年(原文)

來美國求學(xué)的中國學(xué)生及其他亞裔學(xué)生一樣,大多特別刻苦勤奮,周末也往往會抽出一天甚至兩天的時間去試驗室加班,因而比起美國學(xué)生來,成果出得較多。我的導(dǎo)師是亞裔人,嗜煙好酒,脾氣急躁。但他特別觀賞亞裔學(xué)生勤奮及扎實的基礎(chǔ)知識,也特殊了解亞裔學(xué)生的心理。因此,在他試驗室所招的學(xué)生中,除有一名來自德國外,其余5位均是亞裔學(xué)生。他干脆在試驗室的門上貼一醒目招牌:"本室助研必需每周工作7天,早10時至晚12時,工作時間必需全力以赴。"這位導(dǎo)師的嚴(yán)格和苛刻是全校出名的,在我所呆的3年半中,共有14位學(xué)生被招進他的試驗室,最終博士畢業(yè)的只剩下5人。1990年夏天,我不顧別人勸阻,硬著頭皮接受了導(dǎo)師的資助,從今開始了艱難的求學(xué)旅程。(參考譯文)

LikestudentsfromotherAsiancountriesandregions,mostChinesestudentswhocometopursuefurthereducationintheUnitedStatesworkontheirstudiesmostdiligentlyandassiduously.Evenonweekends,theywouldfrequentlyspendoneday,oreventwodays,toworkovertimeintheirlaboratories.Therefore,comparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,theyaremoreacademicallyfruitful.Mysupervisor(advisor/tutor)isofAsianoriginwhoisaddictedtoalcoholsandcigarettes,withasharp(anirritable)temper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintothepsychologyofAsianstudents.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedbyhislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,therestfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputastrikingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,whichread,"Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10AMto12PM.Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours."Thissupervisorisreputedontheentirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Inthecourseofthe3andhalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayedonuntiltheygraduatedwiththeirPh.D.degrees.Inthesummerof1990,ignoringtheremonstrations(admonishments/dissuasions)fromothers,Iacceptedmysupervisor'ssponsorshipandembarkedonthedifficultjourneyofacademicpursuit(undertakingfurtherstudiesintheUnitedStates).SectionB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)

Operaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesociety'spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldweNobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defense,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.(參考譯文)

傾聽歌劇,無疑昂貴至極。但是,昂貴的事物并非必定屬于富人的范疇,除非我們放棄社會的選擇權(quán)。我們可以選擇去使歌劇以和其他某些昂貴的文化形式也能為那些不具備個人支付實力的人所享受。但問題是,我們有必要這么做嗎?沒人會否認食物,居所,防護,健康及教化的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前時代的洞窟中,人類伸出手來,早就不單純是為了吃,喝或搏殺,而且亦進行繪畫創(chuàng)作。人類對于文化的沖動,通過形象思維和再現(xiàn)手段來表現(xiàn)并探究世界的欲望,乃亙古有之。在歐洲,這一欲望在我們的音樂,藝術(shù),文學(xué)和戲劇杰作中找尋到了其實現(xiàn)形式。這些杰作構(gòu)成了我們?nèi)颗Φ脑嚱鹗?。作為試金石,它們能衡量出人類的思想和想象力所可能企和的程度。它們攜帶著最寓意深刻的主題,可在人類彼此間相互傳遞。

1998年專八翻譯真題(原文)

1997年2月24日我們代表團下榻日月潭中信大飯店,送走了最終一批客人,已是次日凌晨3點了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡,披衣走到窗前,往外看去,只見四周峰巒疊翠,湖面波光粼粼。望著臺灣這僅有的景色如畫的自然湖泊,我想了很多,很多……這次到臺灣訪問溝通,雖然行程匆忙,但是,看了不少地方,訪了舊友,交了新知,大家走到一起,談?wù)摰囊粋€重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀(jì)的強盛。雖然祖國大陸,臺灣的青年生活在不同的社會環(huán)境中,有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)驗,但大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)的印記,都擁有著振興中華民族的共同志向。在世紀(jì)之交的宏大時代,我們的祖國正在走向繁華富強,海峽兩岸人民也將加強溝通,共同推動祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完成。世紀(jì)之交的珍貴機遇和巨大挑戰(zhàn)將青年推到了歷史前臺??缡兰o(jì)青年一代應(yīng)當(dāng)用什么樣的姿態(tài)迎接充溢盼望的新世紀(jì),這是我們必需回答的問題。日月潭水波不興,仿佛及我一同在思索……(參考譯文)

OnFebruary2,1997,ourdelegationcheckedintotheZhongXinHotelbythesideoftheRiyuetaiLake.Itwasalready3o'clockearlythenextmorningbythetimeIsawoffthelastgroupofguests.Foralongtime,Icouldnotfallasleep,eventhoughIwascomfortablylyinginthebed.Puttingonmyclothesagain,Igotoffthebedandwalkedtothewindow.Extendingmyeyesintothedistancethroughthewindow,IwasgreetedbytheviewofthesurroundingmountainsandhillsshroudedinlayeredgreennessandthesilveryflickeringofwavesscuttlingacrossthesurfaceofthePool.Lookingatthesolenaturally-formedpicturesquelakeinTaiwan,Ifeltaninfinitetrainofthoughtspassingthroughmymind……ThecurrentvisittoTaiwanforexchange,briefandcursoryasitis,hasenabledustoseemanyplaces,tovisitoldfriendswhilemakingnewacquaintances.Wheneverpeoplegathertogether,animportanttopicofdiscussionhasbeenhowtheChinesenationcanbecomeprosperousandpowerfulinthe21stcentury.AlthoughtheyoungpeopleontheMainlandandinTaiwanliveindifferentsocialcontexts(environments/milieus),withtheirindividuallydifferentexperiencesoflife,intheinnermostrecessesoftheirheartsarewroughtanindeliblemarkbythefinetraditionsoftheChineseculture.TheyallcherishthesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation(TheysharethesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation).Inthisgreatepochattheturnofthecentury,ourmotherlandisdevelopingtowardgreaterprosperityandpowerfulness.PeopleacrosstheTaiwanStraitsareboundtostrengthentheirexchangesandwillmutuallypromotetheearliestpossibleachievementofthegreatcauseofreunificationofthemotherland.Thepreciousopportunitiesandthetremendouschallengesattheturnofthecenturyhavepushedtheyoungpeopletotheforeground(forefront)ofthehistoricalarena(stage).Atthistransitionalphasebetweenthetwomillennia,inwhatwaytheyounggenerationshouldembracetheforthcomingnewcenturyrepletewithhopesisaquestiontowhichwehavetoseekananswer.IntheRiyuetaiLake,thewavesacrossthelakesurfacehavebynowallvanished.Envelopedinuttertranquility,theLakehasjoinedmeindeepthoughts……SectionB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)

IagreetosomeextentwithmyimaginaryEnglishreader.Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhapspronetoviewtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominenceforuniqueness.Theydoover-phrasetheirownliterature,orcertainlyitsminorfigures.AndAmericansdoswingfromaggressiveoverphraseoftheirliteraturetoanequallyunfortunate,imitativedeference.Butthen,theEnglishthemselvesaresomewhatinsularintheirliteraryappraisals.Moreover,infieldswheretheyarenotpre-eminent-e.g.inpaintingandmusic-theytooalternatebetweenboastingofnativeproductsandcopyingthoseoftheContinent.HowmanyEnglishpaintingstrytolookasthoughtheyweredoneinParis;howmanytimeshavewereadinarticlesthattheyreallyrepresentan"Englishtradition"afterall.TospeakofAmericanliterature,then,isnottoassertthatitiscompletelyunlikethatofEurope.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehavekeptstep.Atanygivenmomentthetravelercouldfindexamplesinbothofthesamearchitecture,thesamestylesindress,thesamebooksontheshelves.IdeashavecrossedtheAtlanticasfreelyasmenandmerchandise,thoughsometimesmoreslowly.WhenIrefertoAmericanhabit,thoughts,etc.,Iintendsomesortofqualificationtoprecedetheword,forfrequentlythedifferencebetweenAmericaandEurope(especiallyEngland)willbeoneofdegree,sometimesonlyofasmalldegree.Theamountofdivergenceisasubtleaffair,liabletoperplextheEnglishmanwhenhelooksatAmerica.Heislookingatacountrywhichinimportantsensesgrewoutofhisown,whichinseveralwaysstillresembleshisown-andwhichisyetaforeigncountry.Thereareoddoverlappingsandabruptunfamiliarities;kinshipyieldstoasuddenalienation,aswhenwehailapersonacrossthestreet,onlytodiscoverfromhisblankresponsethatwehavemistakenastrangerforafriend.(參考譯文)

在某種程度上,我贊同我那假想中的英國讀者的觀點。美國文學(xué)史家或許慣于過分狹隘地看待其本國文壇,誤將卓著當(dāng)作獨特。他們確實會用過多的筆墨來渲染其本國文學(xué),至少,對其次要作家他們確定會這樣做。此外,美國人確實會走極端,要么咄咄逼人地大肆渲染其文學(xué),要么進行著同樣不幸的亦步亦趨式的頂禮膜拜。但反過來說,英國人自己在其文學(xué)鑒賞中也顯得有些狹隘愚陋。此外,在他們并無上乘表現(xiàn)的領(lǐng)域--例如繪畫及音樂,他們也會走極端,不是吹噓他們本國的作品,就是大肆仿照歐洲大陸的作品。有多少幅英國繪畫試圖看上去仿佛是在巴黎完成的;但我們又有多少次曾在文章中讀到它們真正代表著一種"英國式的傳統(tǒng)"呢?那么,要談?wù)撁绹膶W(xué),倒并非意欲斷言,它及歐洲文學(xué)全然大相徑庭。廣而言之,美國及歐洲始終同步發(fā)展,協(xié)調(diào)一樣。在任何一個特定的時刻,旅行者在兩地均能目睹同一樣式的建筑實例,相同款式的服飾,書架上相同的書籍。在大西洋兩岸,思想猶如人員及貨物往來一樣自由溝通,盡管有時會略顯遲緩。當(dāng)我提和美國式的習(xí)慣,思想等概念時,我意欲在"美國式的"這一詞匯之前加上某種限定,因為歐美(尤其是英美)之間的差異往往只是程度上的差異而已,并且有時候僅僅只是微乎其微的一點程度差異而已。差異的多寡是件極為微妙的事務(wù),這極簡單使一個英國人在審視美國時大惑不解。他所審視的那個國家,從某些重要的意義上來說,誕生于他自己的國家,并在某些方面仍及他自己的國家相差無幾--然而,它卻實實在在是一個異邦。兩者間存在著某些怪異的交替重迭,以和令人甚感突兀的生疏感;親緣關(guān)系已讓位于一種突如其來的異化及疏遠,這種情景仿佛就像我們隔著公路向另一個人打招呼,結(jié)果卻從這個人漠無表情的反應(yīng)中發(fā)覺,我們原來竟然錯將生人當(dāng)成了熟人。

1999年專八翻譯真題(原文)

加拿大的溫哥華1986年剛剛度過百歲生日,但城市的發(fā)展令世界矚目。以港立市,以港興市,是很多港口城市生存發(fā)展的道路。經(jīng)過百年開發(fā)建設(shè),有著自然不凍良港的溫哥華,成為著名遐邇的港口城市,同亞洲,大洋洲,歐洲,拉丁美洲均有定期班輪,年貨物吞吐量達到8,000萬噸,全市就業(yè)人口中有三分之一從事貿(mào)易及運輸行業(yè)。溫哥華(Vancouver)的輝煌是溫哥華人才智和勤奮的結(jié)晶,其中包括多民族的貢獻。加拿大地廣人稀,國土面積比中國還大,人口卻不足3000萬。吸取外來移民,是加拿大長期奉行的國策??梢哉f,加拿大除了印第安人外,無一不是外來移民,不同的只是時間長短而已。溫哥華則更是世界上屈指可數(shù)的多民族城市?,F(xiàn)今180萬溫哥華居民中,有一半不是在本地誕生的,每4個居民中就有一個是亞洲人。而25萬華人對溫哥華的經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型起著確定性的作用。他們其中有一半是近5年才來到溫哥華地區(qū)的,使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國人聚居地。(參考譯文)

In1986,Vancouver,Canada,justmarkeditscentennialanniversary,buttheachievementsmadebythecityinitsurbandevelopmenthavealreadycapturedworldwideattention.Tobuildupacityandmodelitseconomyonthebasisofaharboristheusualpracticethatportcitiesresorttofortheirexistenceanddevelopment.Afteracentury'sconstructionanddevelopment,Vancouver,whichboastsofanaturally-formedice-freeharbor,hasbecomeaninternationallycelebratedportcity,operatingregularoceanlinerswithAsia,Oceania,EuropeandLatinAmerica.Itsannualcargo-handlingcapacityreaches80milliontons,withonethirdofthecity'semployedpopulationengagedintradeandtransportationbusiness.ThegloriousachievementsofVancouveristhecrystallization(fruition)ofthewisdom(intelligence)andtheindustryoftheVancouverpeopleasawhole,includingthecontributionsmadebyadiversityofethnicminorities.Canadaisalargecountrywithasmallpopulation.AlthoughitsterritoryisbiggerthanthatofChina,itonlyhasapopulationoflessthan30millionpeople.Consequently,toattractandtoacceptforeignimmigrantshavebecomeanationalpolicylongobservedbyCanada.Itcanbesafelyassertedthat,exceptforIndians,allCanadiancitizensareforeignimmigrants,differingonlyinthelengthoftimetheyhavesettledinCanada.Vancouver,inparticular,isoneofthefewmostcelebratedmulti-ethniccitiesintheworld.Atpresent,amongthe1.8millionVancouverresidents,halfofthemarenotnative-bornandoneoutofeveryfourresidentsisfromAsia.The250,000ChinesetherehaveplayedadecisiveroleinfacilitatingthetransformationoftheVancouvereconomy.HalfofthemhavecometosettleinVancouveronlyoverthepastfiveyears,makingVancouverthelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChineseconcentrate.SectionB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)

Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname,topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren(ormales)isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily-theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,intheliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.(參考譯文)

在某些社會中,人們盼望擁有孩子是出于所謂的家庭緣由:傳宗接代,光宗耀祖,博取祖輩的歡心,使那些涉和到整個家族的宗教儀式得以發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的作用。此類緣由在現(xiàn)代世俗化的社會中似顯蒼白,但它們在其他地方曾一度構(gòu)成并確實仍在構(gòu)成強有力的理由。此外,有一類家庭緣由及下列類別不無共通之處,這便是:生兒育女是為著維系或改善婚姻:能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于無所事事;修復(fù)婚姻或為婚姻注入新的活力;多子多孫,以為家庭華蜜,惟系于此。這一點更可因其相反情形而得以凸現(xiàn):在某些社會中,無法生兒育女(或無法生育男孩)于婚姻而言可構(gòu)成一種威脅,并可作為離婚的一個順理成章的(或現(xiàn)成的)緣由。除了全部這一切以外,還有一個緣由,那就是后代對于家庭這一體制本身所具有的深遠意義。對很多人來說,夫婦兩人尚不足以構(gòu)成一個真正意義上的家庭--夫妻須要孩子來豐富其兩人小天地,給予該小天地以真正意義上的家庭性質(zhì),并從子孫后代身上獲得某種回報。孩子須要家庭,但家庭似乎也須要孩子。作為一種社會體制,家庭以其特有的方式,至少從原則上說,可在一個變化莫測,常常是充溢敵意的世界中讓人從中獲得某種安全,安慰,保障,以和價值取向。于大多數(shù)人而言,這樣的一個家庭基2000年專八翻譯真題(原文)

中國科技館的誕生來之不易。及國際著名科技館和其他博物館相比,它先天有些不足,后天也常缺乏養(yǎng)分,但是它成長的步伐卻是堅實而有力的。它在國際上已被公認為后起之秀。世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館,它是通過化石,標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各種生物的演化歷史。第二代屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館,它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階段性結(jié)果。這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識的作用,但是,它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了被動的旁觀者。世界上第三代博物館是充溢全新理念的博物館。在這里,觀眾可以自己去動手操作,自己細心體察。這樣,他們可以更貼近先進的科學(xué)技術(shù),去探究科學(xué)技術(shù)的奧妙。中國科技館正是這樣的博物館!它吸取了國際上一些著名博物館的特長,設(shè)計制作了力學(xué),光學(xué),電學(xué),熱學(xué),聲學(xué),生物學(xué)等展品,展示了科學(xué)的原理和先進的科技成果。(參考譯文)

Thefirstgenerationofmuseumsarewhatmightbecallednaturalmuseumswhich,bymeansoffossils,specimensandotherobjects,introducedtopeopletheevolutionaryhistoryoftheEarthandvariouskindsoforganisms.Thesecondgenerationarethoseofindustrialtechnologieswhichpresentedthefruitsachievedbyindustrialcivilizationatdifferentstagesofindustrialization.Despitethefactthatthosetwogenerationsofmuseumshelpedtodisseminate/propagate/spreadscientificknowledge,theyneverthelesstreatedvisitorsmerelyaspassiveviewers.Thethirdgenerationofmuseumsintheworldarethoserepletewith/fullofwhollynovelconcepts/notions/ideas.Inthosemuseums,visitorsareallowedtooperatetheexhibitswiththeirownhands,toobserveandtoexperiencecarefully.Bygettingclosertotheadvancedscienceandtechnologiesinthisway,peoplecanprobeintotheirsecretmysteries.TheChinaMuseumofScienceandTechnologyispreciselyoneofsuchmuseums.Ithasincorporatedsomeofthemostfascinatingfeaturesofthosemuseumswithinternationalreputation.Havingdesignedandcreatedexhibitsinmechanics,optics,electricalscience,thermology,acoustics,andbiology.Thoseexhibitsdemonstratescientificprinciplesandpresentthemostadvancedscientificandtechnologicalachievements.

SECTIONB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)

Ifpeoplemeananythingatallbytheexpression"untimelydeath",theymustbelievethatsomedeathsrunonabetterschedulethanothers.Deathinoldageisrarelycalleduntimelyalonglifeisthoughttobeafullone.Butwiththepassingofayoungperson,oneassumesthatthebestyearslayaheadandthemeasureofthatlifewasstilltobetaken.Historydeniesthis,ofcourse.Amongprominentsummerdeaths,onerecallsthoseofMarilynMonroeandJamesDeans,whoselivesseemedequallybriefandcomplete.WriterscannotbearthefactthatpoetJohnKeatsdiedat26,andonlyhalfplayfullyjudgetheirownlivesasfailureswhentheypassthatyear.Theideathatthelifecutshortisunfilledisillogicalbecauselivesaremeasuredbytheimpressionstheyleaveontheworldandbytheirintensityandvirtue.

(參考譯文)

假如人們藉"英年早逝"這一字眼真的意欲表達什么含義的話,他們必定信任某些人的辭世可以算是壽終正寢,而另一些人則"死不逢時"。死于年邁很少被冠以"死不逢時"之名,因為能度過漫長的一生被認為是甚為圓滿的。反之,假如所遇到的是一位年輕人之死,人們會以為這位年輕人風(fēng)華正茂,前途無可限量,生命的倒計時尚未真正開始。當(dāng)然,歷史否定這一切。在諸多較為著名的"英年早逝"的情形中,我們會憶起瑪麗蓮.夢露及詹姆斯.迪恩斯之死,其生命并不因其短暫而有損其圓滿。對于約翰.濟慈年方26便溘然長逝這一事實,文人墨客們皆痛不欲生,但他們中僅有半數(shù)人詼諧地認為,設(shè)若他們也死于這一年齡,其一生可視為失敗。視英年早逝為不圓滿,這一觀念有悖于邏輯,因為衡量生命的尺度乃是留給世界的印記,是生命的力度和其美德。2001年專八翻譯真題(原文)

喬羽的歌大家都熟識。但他另外兩大愛好卻鮮為人知,那就是釣魚和喝酒。晚年的喬羽寵愛垂釣,他說,"有水有魚的地方大都是有好環(huán)境的,好環(huán)境便會給人好心情。我認為最好的釣魚場所不是舒適的,給你打算好餓魚的垂釣園,而是那極其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的場所。"釣魚是一項能夠陶冶性情的運動,有益于身心健康。喬羽說:"釣魚可分三個階段:第一階段是吃魚;第二階段是吃魚和情趣兼而有之;第三階段主要是釣趣,面對一池碧水,將憂心苦惱全都拋在一邊,使自己的身心得到充分休息。"(參考譯文)

Thegeneralpublicmightbewell-acquaintedwiththesongscomposedbyQiaoYu,buttheymightactuallyknowverylittleabouthistwomajorhobbies-fishingandwine-drinking.Inhislateryears(Lateinhislife),QiaoYuhasbecomeenamoredoffishing(developedapenchant/specialfondnessforfishing).Heasserts:"Mostlyspeaking,aplacewithwaterandfishmustnecessarilybeblessedwithanicesetting,whichinreturnkeepspeopleingoodmood.Ibelievethattheoptimumfishingplacesarenotthosecommercialfishingcenters/resortswhichprovidethefishermenwithalltheconveniencesandwherefisharekepthungryforreadycapture,butthosenaturally-formedplacesinthewildernesswhichexertaspecialappeal."Accordingtohim,fishingcanconstituteanactivityconducivetothecultivationofone'stemperamentandtoone'shealth,atoncephysicalandpsychological.QiaoYuclaims:"Fishingcanbedividedintothreestages.Thefirststageconsistsofmerefish-eating;thesecondacombinationoffish-eatingandthepleasure(enjoyment)offishing;thethirdprimarilythepleasureoffishingwhen,confrontedwithapondofclearwater,oneputsasideallhistroublingvexationsandannoyancesandenjoysthetotalrelaxationbothmentallyandphysically."SECTIONB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)

PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau'sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone'sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.Effortisthegistofit.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible,asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionwegetfromalifetimedependsonhowhighwechooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof"Thepleasureoftakingpains".Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless.Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbenogame.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardforthefunofit.Therulesofthegameareanarbitraryimpositionofdifficulty.Whensomeoneruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplaybytherules.Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewhollyarbitraryrules,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.Nodifficulty,nofun.(參考譯文)

梭羅所理解的"低層次",即為了擁有而去擁有,或及全部的鄰居明爭暗斗而致?lián)碛小K哪恐械?高層次",則是這樣一種主動的人生戒律,即要使自己對自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完備。對于他從低層次上節(jié)約下來的時間和精力,他可將其致力于對高層次的追求。勿庸置疑,梭羅不贊成忍饑挨餓,但他在膳食方面所投入的精力僅果腹而已,只要可確保他能去從事更為重要的事務(wù),他便別無所求。殫精竭慮,全力以赴,便是其精髓所在。除非我們情愿直面那些須要我們?nèi)硇耐度氲钠D難困苦,否則便不會有華蜜可言。正如葉芝所言,除卻某些不可能的情形,我們于人生中所獲得的滿意皆取決于我們在多高的境界中選擇我們所情愿面對的艱難困苦。當(dāng)羅伯特·弗羅斯特言和"以苦為樂"時,他內(nèi)心所思,大體如此。商業(yè)廣告中所宣揚的那種華蜜觀,其致命的缺陷就在于這樣一個事實,即它宣稱,一切華蜜皆唾手可得,不費吹灰之力。即便于嬉戲之中,我們也須要有艱難困苦。我們之所以須要它,因為設(shè)若沒有困難,便斷無嬉戲可言。嬉戲即是這樣一種方式,為了享受其中的情趣而人為地使事情變得不那么輕而易舉。嬉戲中的種種規(guī)則,便是將困難武斷地強加于人。當(dāng)有人將情趣摧毀殆盡時,他總是因為拒不按嬉戲規(guī)則行事而使然。這猶如下棋;假如你隨心所欲,心血來潮地去更改那些全然武斷的嬉戲規(guī)則,這樣去贏棋當(dāng)然會更加簡單。但下棋的情趣則在于,應(yīng)在規(guī)則的限定范圍內(nèi)贏取成功。一言以蔽之,沒有艱難,斷無情趣。

2002年專八翻譯真題全(原文)

大自然對人的賞賜,無論貧富,一律同等。所以人們對于大自然,全都一樣并深深地依靠著。尤其在鄉(xiāng)間,上千年來人們始終以不變的方式生活著。種植莊稼和葡萄,釀酒和飲酒,喂牛和擠奶,鋤草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈禱和做禮拜,在節(jié)日到廣場拉琴,跳舞和唱歌;往日的田園照舊是今日的溫馨家園。這樣,每個地方都有自己的傳聞,風(fēng)俗也就衍傳了下來。(參考譯文)

Equalarethegenerousgiftsgranted/distributed(endowed)byNatureto(on)allhumanindividuals,whethertheyarewealthyorimpoverished(betheywealthyorimpoverished).Therefore,allhumanindividualshavebecomeunanimouslyandprofoundlyindebtedto(obligedto,attachedto,dependenton)Nature.Thisisparticularlytrueinruralareaswherewaysoflifehaveremainedintactandunchangedforpeopleforthousandsofyears-sowingcropsandgrapes,brewinganddrinkingwines,grazingandmilkingcows,hoeinggrassesandplantingflower-trees,goingtochurchesforreligiousprayersandservicesonweekends,playingmusicalinstruments,dancingandsingingonsquares.Thefieldsinformertimesarestilltheirpresent-dayhomesglowingwithhumanwarmth.Insuchaway,eachlocalityhasevolveditsownuniquefolktalesandhastransmitteditsdistinctivehabitsandcustoms.SECTIONB:TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftheEnglishtextintoChinese(原文)

Theword"winner"and"loser"havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthenticallybybeingcredible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.Winnersdonotdedicatetheirlivestoaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe;rather,theyarethemselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretence,andmanipulatingothers.Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandactingloving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon'tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.Winnersdonotplay"helpless",nordotheyplaytheblaminggame.Instead,theyassumeresponsibilityfortheirownlives.

(參考譯文)

"勝者"及"敗者"這兩個字眼含有眾多的意思。當(dāng)我們將某人稱作勝者時,我們并非指他是一個致使他人一敗涂地的人。對我們來說,勝者乃這樣一位君子,他無論是作為一個個人抑或是作為社會的一份子,一切反應(yīng)均能由衷而發(fā),做到誠信,牢靠,樂善好施,且絕不偽善。勝者不會窮其畢生之精力,去拘泥于某個他們所想象的為人之道;相反,他們會保持其真我本色,并且,作為這種追求真我的仁者,他們不

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