中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句04分層優(yōu)練02考點(diǎn)突破01知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖03解題微技巧10定語(yǔ)從句(也叫“關(guān)系從句”)是在主從復(fù)合句中修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞的句子，它在句中作定語(yǔ)。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞(也叫關(guān)系詞)。如：Theboys

who

areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.那群踢足球的男孩都是一班的。

(先行詞)(引導(dǎo)詞)

(從句)常見的關(guān)系副詞有：常見的關(guān)系代詞有：定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞(關(guān)系詞)指代對(duì)象代指人代指物既可指人也可指物主語(yǔ)who,thatwhich,thatthat賓語(yǔ)whom,that所有格whose指代對(duì)象先行詞關(guān)系副詞及相應(yīng)的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)間day,year,date,timewhen：duringwhich(time)地點(diǎn)theplace,thecitywhere：inwhich,fromwhich原因thereasonwhy：that,forwhich1.引導(dǎo)詞(關(guān)系代詞)的常見用法引導(dǎo)詞的用法引導(dǎo)詞用法例子that一般情況下that可指人或物，可以代替who,whom和which，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，但不能作介詞的賓語(yǔ)Themanthat(who)isspeakingatthemeetingisaforeigner.正在會(huì)上發(fā)言的那個(gè)男人是個(gè)外國(guó)人。(先行詞是theman，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，用that或who)Isthisthenursethat(whom)youtalkedaboutyesterday？這就是你們昨天談?wù)摰哪俏蛔o(hù)士嗎？(先行詞是thenurse，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)talkedabout的賓語(yǔ)，用that或whom)(2021廣東，配對(duì)閱讀)Thebirdthatgetsupearlyissuretogetsomefood,sotheearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鳥兒肯定能找到食物，所以早起的鳥兒能抓到蟲子。引導(dǎo)詞用法例子who在從句中作主語(yǔ)(2021廣東，配對(duì)閱讀)Inmanyballgames,themostimportantpersonistheonewhocarriestheball.在許多球賽中，最重要的人就是持球的人。(2019廣東，閱讀理解B篇)Aprogrammeristhepersonwhogivestherobotits“smarts”.程序員是賦予機(jī)器人“智慧”的人。whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)Heistheboywhomyouwantedtofind.他就是你想要找的那個(gè)男孩。whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)Thegirlwhosemotherisanurseiswaitingforyououtside.那個(gè)女孩在外面等你，她的媽媽是名護(hù)士。which指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)(2020廣東，閱讀理解B篇)Ontheotherhand,thelandwhichtheelephantslivedonwasoverusedbyhumans.另一方面，大象生活的棲息地被人類過(guò)度使用。Thebookwhichisonthedeskbelongstome.桌子上的那本書是我的。2.引導(dǎo)詞(關(guān)系代詞)的特殊用法(1)下列情況只能用that(不能用which)來(lái)指代物：情況例子①先行詞為all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞時(shí)Iwilldoeverything

thatIcandotohelpyou.我將會(huì)盡我所能來(lái)幫助你。②先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或者被形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)Thisisthe

most

important

task

thatshouldbefinishedsoon.這是必須馬上完成的最重要的任務(wù)。③先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)Youarethe

first

men

thatlikethiskindofbooks.你們是第一批喜歡這種書的人。情況例子④先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)Weweredeeplyimpressedbythe

teachers

and

schools

thatwehadvisited.我們?cè)L問(wèn)過(guò)的老師和參觀過(guò)的學(xué)校給我們留下了很深的印象。⑤當(dāng)先行詞由theonly,thelast,thevery,any,few,little,no,all等限定詞修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用thatHeistheonly

person

thatknowsthetruth.他是唯一知道真相的人。⑥當(dāng)主句中已經(jīng)含有關(guān)系詞who或者which時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只用thatHebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthatIhadneverseenbefore.他建造了一個(gè)工廠，生產(chǎn)的東西是我之前從未見過(guò)的。(2)下列情況只能用who來(lái)指代人：情況例子①先行詞是one,ones,anyone時(shí)One

whohasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.一個(gè)無(wú)所畏懼的人敢于說(shuō)實(shí)話。Don’ttellanyonewhoshouldn’tbetoldaboutthenews.別把消息告訴給不該告訴的人。②當(dāng)those作先行詞指人時(shí)Those

whorespectothersareoftenrespectedbyothers.敬人者，人恒敬之。③當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)Imetaforeignerin

the

street

whocouldspeakChinesewell.我在街上遇到一位中文說(shuō)得很好的外國(guó)人。情況例子④有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已經(jīng)使用了that，另一個(gè)宜用whoTheboythatyoumetlastnightisherboyfriendwhocanmakekites.你昨晚遇到的那個(gè)男孩是她的男朋友，他會(huì)制作風(fēng)箏。⑤在therebe開頭的句子中，先行詞指人There

isanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.有一個(gè)老人想見你。⑥當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是I,he,you,they等時(shí)，常用于諺語(yǔ)、格言中He

whoplayswithfiregetsburned.玩火者必自焚。(

)1.Notallchildren_______watchthisvideowillbecomeascientist,butsomemaybecomeinterestedinscience.

A.whom B.which C.who D.whose(

)2.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.Everything_______comesintosightissonewtome.

A.that B.which C.who D.whomAC(

)3.Insects,mice,frogs,dogsandmonkeysweresomeoftheanimals

7

firstwentintospace.

A.whom

B.what

C.that

D.whose4.用下劃線畫出下列復(fù)合句中的定語(yǔ)從句。①(2023廣東，閱讀理解C)Theremustbethingsyoudon’tneedanymorelikeoldtoysormagazines.②(2023廣東，回答問(wèn)題)Thiswasdiscoveredbyscientistswhodoresearchondreams.C一、語(yǔ)法選擇基礎(chǔ)練(單項(xiàng)填空)(

)1.(2023·黑龍江牡丹江)Ifwestudyhardwithbigdreams，thereisnothing_______can’tbeachieved.

A.who B.that C.whom(

)2.(2023·青海)Abestfriendisaperson_______isalwaystherewhenyouneedhimorher.Asthesayinggoes，

“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”

A.whom B.whose C.whoCB(

)3.(2023·吉林)Thestudentsarereadingbooks_______arefullofthe“redspirit”thesedays.

A.who B.where C.which(

)4.(2023·湖南株洲)Today’sChinaisacountry_______keepstothisnationalcharacter.

A.what B.who C.thatCC(

)5.(2023·四川達(dá)州)—The

Lifelong

Journeyisoneofthemosttouchingbooks_______Ihaveeverread.

—Yeah，thebookisfantasticandIamlookingforwardto_______itagain.

A.that；reading B.which；toread C.that；toreadA(

)6.A.borrow B.borrowing C.borrowed二、語(yǔ)法選擇(2023·四川樂(lè)山中考改編)InthevillageofMuntanginIndonesia(印度尼西亞)，manychildrendoonethingafterschool：Theypickuprubbishinorderto

6

booksfromthe“WasteLibrary”.

A(

)7.A.which B.who C.whose(

)8.A.of B.for C.with(

)9.A.she

B.her

C.herself(

)10.A.a

B.an

C.the(

)11.A.and

B.but

C.orACBCRadenRoroHendartiistheperson

7

setupthisspeciallibrary.Everyweekday，sherideshertricycle(三輪車)

8

lotsofbookstothevillage.Manychildrenarealreadywaitingfor

9

.Theypickout

10

bookstheywanttoread

11

“pay”herwithplasticcups，bagsandothertypesofwaste.Afterthat，theselittlechildrenusuallysittogethertoenjoyreadingtheirbooks.

B(

)12.A.sends

B.issent

C.wassent(

)13.A.little B.less C.theleastBEachweek，Raden’s“WasteLibrary”collectsabout100kilogramsofrubbish.Thenthewaste

12

forrecyclingorsold.Radenwillusethemoneytobuynewbooksforherlibrary.“Ourchildrenshouldreadmoreandspend

13

timeplayingonlinegames，”saidRaden.“Iwantthemtogetoffline(離線的)andstartdoingsomethinggoodfortherealworld.”

B(

)14.A.have

B.has

C.had(

)15.A.kind B.kindly C.kindnessCThe“WasteLibrary”

14

over6，000booksnow.Thenumberisstillgrowing.Raden’sactof

15

isshiningtheheartsandmindsofmorechildren.

B從廣東近五年的閱讀理解篇章可知，三大從句(賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句)在閱讀文章中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高。學(xué)會(huì)劃分句子成分，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境區(qū)分各種從句，是理解長(zhǎng)難句的前提，能大大提高閱讀能力。例1

(2023廣東，閱讀理解B篇)Forexample，manybirdsdependonstarsfordirection，buttheygetlosteasilyatnightwhencitylightsarekeptonallnight.步驟：（1）找出句子主干，這是一個(gè)由but連接的并列復(fù)合句。句子主干：manybirdsdependonstars（句子①），buttheygetlosteasilyatnight（句子②）.（2）通過(guò)分析句子成分，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)句子①為簡(jiǎn)單句，句子②包含了一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：whencitylightsarekeptonallnight（由when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明具體時(shí)間）步驟：（1）找出句子主干句子主干：Hefindsoutthat…

（2）通過(guò)語(yǔ)境和從句的定義，找出從句的種類①賓語(yǔ)從句：thatthose…h(huán)avebettersleepandmoreenergy（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞findout的具體內(nèi)容，是主句Hefindsout的賓語(yǔ)。）②定語(yǔ)從句：whoexerciseinnaturallightforhalfanhoureveryday（修飾先行詞those，具體說(shuō)明什么人havebettersleepandmoreenergy，是定語(yǔ)從句。）例2

(2022廣東，回答問(wèn)題)Hefindsoutthatthosewhoexerciseinnaturallightforhalfanhoureverydayhavebettersleepandmoreenergy(能量).步驟：（1）找出句子主干句子主干：shecameupwithanidea（2）通過(guò)語(yǔ)境和從句的定義，找出從句的種類①狀語(yǔ)從句：WhenLaurasawherschooldininghallthrowawayfood（when引導(dǎo)的從句說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞cameup的時(shí)間，是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。）②定語(yǔ)從句：thatwasnoteatenatalleveryday（that引導(dǎo)的從句修飾先行詞food，具體說(shuō)明是每天一點(diǎn)都沒(méi)被吃過(guò)的食物，是定語(yǔ)從句。）例3

(2021廣東，閱讀理解B篇)WhenLaurasawherschooldininghallthrowawayfoodthatwasnoteatenatalleveryday，shecameupwithanidea.【練練吧】一、請(qǐng)用下劃線畫出下列句子的主干。1.Whenyouareoutintheheatnexttime，

justtakeitoutandenjoythegentlewind.(2023廣東，閱讀理解A篇)

2.Scientificresearchshowsthattheyarebornwithcertainunusualabilitiesfordirection.(2023廣東，閱讀理解B篇)

3.Asyourbrainconnectsthings,itturnsthemintoastory，andthenyougetadream.(2023廣東，回答問(wèn)題)

4.HowcanIturnmyadventuresintosomethingthatcanhelptheworld？

(2022廣東，閱讀理解B篇)

5.Thesampleshavehelpedscientistslearnhowplantsliveinextreme(極端的)conditions.(2022廣東，閱讀理解B篇)

6.Theymadeitarulethatstudentsshoulddooutdoorexerciseonceortwiceaday.(2022廣東，回答問(wèn)題)

二、閱讀訓(xùn)練A(2023·湖南郴州中考改編)Youmayreceivelotsofgiftsonyourbirthday.Buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutgivingyourbirthdaygiftstopeopleinneed？KyleBreeden，a12-year-oldboyfromMaryland，theUSA，hasdonethateversincehewassixyearsold.OnNovember19theveryyear，Kyleinviteshisfriendstohisbirthdaycelebration.Heaskseachfriendtobringanewtoytodonate(捐贈(zèng))toToysforTots(“向孩童捐贈(zèng)玩具”).ToysforTotsisaprojectwhichgivesouttoystochildrenwhoseparentscannotusuallybuythemtoys.Kylehasdonatedmorethan2，000toystotheproject.Andheplanstocontinuecollectingtoysforotherkidsforyearstocome.WhenKylewasfive，heaskedhisparentshowhecouldhelpothers.Kyle’sparentswereexcitedtohearthatandtheyhelpedhimgetintouchwithToysforTots.Fromthenon，hehaslookedforwardtohisbirthday，butonlytogettoys.ThenhecollectsthetoysandgoestotheToysforTotscelebrationstodonatethem.JohnMinadakis，whohostedaToysforTotscelebration，saidthathehadneverseensomeonegivesomuchatsuchayoungage.Hebelievedtheabilitytoputothersbeforehimselfcouldtaketheboyfarinlife.Kylefeelsgoodwhenhehelpsothers.Hehopesthatthroughhisexample，otherkidswillbeinspiredtogiveback.“Manypeoplearoundmyagedon’thavetoystoplaywith.Iwanttodosomething，”Kylesaid.“Eventhesmallesttoycanmakeakid’sday.”(一)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容完成下列各題(

)1.WhenisKyle’sbirthday？A.OnDecember19th. B.OnNovember12th.C.OnNovember19th.

D.OnDecember12th.(

)2.Kyle’sparentshelpedhimgetintouchwithToysforTotswhenhewas_______.

A.12yearsold

B.8yearsold

C.6yearsold D.5yearsoldDC(

)3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inspired”probablymeaninEnglish？A.Improved.

B.Encouraged. C.Introduced.

D.Proved.B(

)4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage？A.KyleplanstobuysometoystodonatetoToysforTots.B.JohnMinadakishighlypraisedKyleforhiskindaction.C.Akidcannotspendadayhappilywithoutthesmallesttoy.D.Kyle’sparentsdidn’twanthimtodonatehistoys.B(

)5.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage？A.GivingBirthdayGiftstoOthers B.ToysforTotsCelebrationsC.ToysareImportanttoKids D.ABirthdayCelebrationA(二)長(zhǎng)難句分析JohnMinadakis(約翰·米納達(dá)基斯)，whohostedaToysforTotscelebration，saidthathehadneverseensomeonegivesomuchatsuchayoungage.1.找出以上句子中的2個(gè)從句。(1)

，屬于

從句。

(2)

，

屬于

從句。

2.翻譯：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

約翰·米納達(dá)基斯主持了“向孩童捐贈(zèng)玩具”的慶?；顒?dòng)，他說(shuō)他從來(lái)沒(méi)有見過(guò)有人在這么小的年紀(jì)就付出這么多。賓語(yǔ)thathehadneverseensomeonegivesomuchatsuchayoungage定語(yǔ)whohostedaToysforTotscelebration

A.Teenagersshouldlearntomakeearlydecisionsaboutcareers(職業(yè))andlife.Firstofall,askyourselfwhatyoureallylikeandwanttobe.Thenchoosethesubjectsthathelpyouachieveyourdream.B.Iagreewithyou.Lifeshouldbecolorful.Youshouldlearntomanageyourtimeandbalanceyourstudyandhobbies.Trytosparesometimetodothethingsyouareinterestedin.B配對(duì)閱讀。左欄是五個(gè)人的情緒問(wèn)題，右欄是七條建議。請(qǐng)根據(jù)每個(gè)人的問(wèn)題，為他們選擇合適的建議。C.Asaninth-grader,youshouldkeepcoolandmakegooduseofyourtime.Thefirstthingistolisteverythingyouarenotsureaboutandaskyourteacherforhelp.D.It’snormaltohaveproblemswithfriends.Whynotinvitehertosee