情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have-done的用法

“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”的用法

毓思澤。2010、1、18

一、“must+have+done”

表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè)，譯成“一定做過(guò)某事”，該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句。1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛孢€是濕的。

2.Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktotheservant.你和仆人說(shuō)話(huà)，一定是發(fā)瘋了。二、“can't+have+done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的否定推測(cè)，譯成“不可能做過(guò)某事”。1.Mr.Smithcan‘thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我剛才還在圖書(shū)館見(jiàn)過(guò)他。2.Marycan'thavestolenyourmoney.Shehasgonehome.瑪麗不可能偷你的錢(qián)，她回家去了。三、“cansbhave+done…?”表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的懷疑，用于疑問(wèn)句，譯成“可能做過(guò)……嗎？”。1.Thereisnolightintheroom.Cantheyhavegoneout?屋里沒(méi)有燈，他們可能出去了嗎？2.Thereisnowheretofindthem.Wherecantheyhavegone?到處找不到他們，他們可能到什么地方去呢？四、“could+have+done”是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的假設(shè)，意思是本來(lái)能夠做某事而沒(méi)有做。

Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.本來(lái)他能夠通過(guò)考試，但是他太粗心。五、“may+have+done”

表示對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的推測(cè)，意思是“可能已經(jīng)”或“也許已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句中?！猈hathashappenedtoGeorge?—Idon'tknow.Hemayhavegotlost.—喬治發(fā)生了什么事？——我不知道，他可能迷路了。

六、“might+have+done”

表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)，might與may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)中。

1.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasbusy.(MET90)他或許會(huì)多給你一些幫助，即使他很忙。2.Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.如果你多給她點(diǎn)機(jī)會(huì)，她可能已經(jīng)取得更大的成績(jī)。七、“would+have+done”虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的假設(shè)，意思是“本來(lái)會(huì)做”。1.Iwouldhavetoldyouallabouttheboy'sstory,butyoudidn'taskme.我本來(lái)會(huì)告訴你這個(gè)小男孩的故事，但是你沒(méi)有問(wèn)我。2.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thaveachievedsomuch.沒(méi)有你的幫助，我是不會(huì)取得如此大的成績(jī)。八、“should+have+done”意思是“本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒(méi)做。”“shouldn‘t+have+done”表示本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際做了。含有指責(zé)對(duì)方或自責(zé)的含意。

1.Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.湯姆，你太懶惰了，這項(xiàng)工作本來(lái)應(yīng)該昨天就做完的。2.Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn'thavebeensoharshonhim.看，湯姆哭了，我本來(lái)不應(yīng)該對(duì)他如此嚴(yán)厲。

九、“oughtto+have+done”

表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并沒(méi)有做，譯成“理應(yīng)做……”，往往表示遺憾。與“should+have+done”用法基本一樣。

IoughttohavegonehomelastSunday.我理應(yīng)上星期日回家。Yououghtnottohavegivenhimmorehelp.你不應(yīng)該幫助他那么多。十、“need+have+done”表示本來(lái)需要做某事而沒(méi)有做?！皀eedn‘t+have+done”則表示“本來(lái)不需要做某事而做了”。Ineedn‘thaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.我本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要買(mǎi)這么多酒，只來(lái)了五個(gè)人。Heneedhavehurriedtothestation.Inthatcase,hewouldn'thavemissedthetrain.他本來(lái)需要快點(diǎn)去車(chē)站，那樣的話(huà)，他就不會(huì)誤了火車(chē)。高考題1.Theweather

turned

out

to

befineyesterday.I________thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.

A.shouldhavetaken

B.couldhavetaken

C.needn'thavetaken

D.mustn'thavetaken2.We________haveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.

A.needn't

B.maynot

C.shouldn't

D.mustn't3.Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you________comethismorning.

A.mayn't

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.needn'tVVV4I_______havewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t5Mark

havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t6—

Itakethebookout?—I'mafraidnot.A.WillB.MayC.MustD.NeedVVV7—Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don’tworry.You______haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may8MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?No,you

.Youreaditinhere.A.mightn’tB.won’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t9--Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn'tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.---Oh,you

havedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.mustB.mustn'tC.shouldD.shouldn'tVVV10It_____havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.A.mayB.canC.mustD.should11—Hi,Tom.Any

idea

where

Jane

is?—She_____in

the

classroom.I

saw

her

there

just

now.A.shall

be

B.should

have

beenC.must

be

D.might

have

been12Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe

itdifferently.A.couldexpress

B.wouldexpressC.couldhaveexpressed

D.musthaveexpressedVVV13She

haveleftschool，forherbikeisstillhere.A.can’t B.wouldn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t14Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience，he

better.

A.needhavedone B.musthavedoneC.canhavedone D.mighthavedone15—Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.

—You

havelostitwhileshopping.

A.may B.canC.should D.wouldVVV16There’snolighton—they

beathome.

A.can’t B.mustn’t

C.needn’t D.shouldn’t17—What’sthename?

—Khulaifi.

Ispellthatforyou?

A.Shall B.Would C.Can D.Might18—CouldIhaveawordwithyou，mum?—Ohdear，ifyou

.

A.can B.must C.may D.shouldVVV19MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.Where

Ihaveputit?

A.can B.must C.should D.would20--

thenewhousemaidcooksomesupperfor