2024年人教版中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專題十二直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)

專題十二直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)（DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech）引述別人的話有兩種方式：直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語(yǔ)。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)一般前后要加引號(hào)，間接引號(hào)不用引號(hào)。陳述句直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語(yǔ)中常省略），從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)變化。人稱的變化Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.時(shí)態(tài)的變化※※如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要做相應(yīng)的變化。如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)無(wú)需變化。直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)的變化例句直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過(guò)去時(shí)“Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,"saidAnne.Annesaidthatshedidn'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Theboysaid,"I'musingaknife."Theboysaidthathewasusingaknife.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)Cellasaid,“IhavenotheardfromJordansinceMay."CellasaidthatshehadnotheardfromJordansinceMay.一般過(guò)去時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)Theysaid,“wesawherinthestreet."Theysaidthattheyhadseenherinthestreet.過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變Hesaid,"Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper."Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.一般將來(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)ZhouLansaid,"I'lldoitafterclass."ZhouLansaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化※※直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)指示代詞的變化例句直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)this→thatThelawyersaid,"Iwillethismorning."Thelawyersaidthatshewouldethatmorning.these→thoseHesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.now→thenShesaid,"Itisnineo'clocknow."Shesaidthatitwasnineo'clockthen.ago→before/earlierBobsaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago."Bobsaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore/earlier.today→thatdayDavidsaid,“Ihaven'tseenhertoday."Davidsaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.yesterday→thedaybeforeShesaid,"Iwentthereyesterday."Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.tomorrow→thenext/followingdayShesaid,“I’llgotheretomorrow."Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext/followingday.thedayaftertomorrow→intwodays'timeThecaptainsaid,“Theywillarrivethedayaftertomorrow.”Thecaptainsaidthattheywouldarriveintwodays'time.e→gohere→therethedaybeforeyesterday→twodaysbefore/earlierShesaid,"Icameheretoseethedoctorthedaybeforeyesterday."Shesaidthatshehadgonetheretoseethedoctortwodaysbefore/earlier.tonight→thatnightnextweek→thenextweekbring→take說(shuō)明：直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there,動(dòng)詞e不必改為go,如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,yesterday,Tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必改變。直接引語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，并且和具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用，時(shí)態(tài)不作改變。Shesaid,“Iwasbornin1995.”→Shesaidthatshewasbornin1995.祈使句轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變成為帶to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句為否定式，在不定式的前面加not。例如：Thehostesssaidtous,“Pleasesitdown.”Thehostessaskedustositdown.Fathersaidtohim,“Goaway!”Fatherorderedhimtogoaway.Mothersaidtome,“ebackbefore10:00.”Mothertoldmetogobackbefore10:00.Hesaid,“Don’tmakesomuchnoise,boys.”Hetoldtheboysnottomakesomuchnoise.若是以let’s開頭的祈使句，則通常變?yōu)閟uggestdoing或“suggest+從句”的形式。疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)如果是疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變成陳述句語(yǔ)序（主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)的前面）（※※），句末用句號(hào)，主語(yǔ)的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語(yǔ)等也要作相應(yīng)的變化。一般疑問(wèn)句：直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是say或said時(shí)，要改為ask或asked,原問(wèn)句變成由連詞whether(或if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。沒有間接賓語(yǔ)的，可以根據(jù)情況加上。例如：“Doyouthinkadiarycanbeeyourfriend?”thewritersays.Thewriterasksusifwethinkadiarycanbeeourfriend.Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”Heasked(me)ifIwasinterestedinEnglish.Shesaid,“Didyouseehimlastnight?”Sheasked(me)whetherIhadseenhimthenightbefore.特殊疑問(wèn)句：直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。例如：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+陳述句語(yǔ)序（主+謂）“Whatdoyouwant?”heaskedme.HeaskedmewhatIwanted.“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary?”Anne’ssisteraskedher.Anne’ssisteraskedherwhatshecalledherdiary.“Whendidyougotobedlastnight?”FathersaidtoAnne.FatheraskedAnnewhenshewenttobedthenightbefore.練習(xí)將所給直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，每空一詞：1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______mettheday______.6.“Youmusteherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopma