話題拓展05.考古發(fā)現(xiàn)(原卷版)

05.考古發(fā)現(xiàn)一、閱讀理解1ThecooperationbetweentheTencent’sDigitalCultureLaboratory(DCL)andtheSichuan

InstituteofCulturalRelicsandArchaeologyisgroundbreaking.UsingdigitaltechnologiessuchasAI,bigdata,cloudputing,knowledgegraphsandputervision,thousandsofpiecesunearthedfromtheSanxingduiarebeingscanned,analyzedandcalculatedtodeterminewhetherorhowtheycanbepiecedbacktogether.Thisgreatlyimprovesefficiency(效率)andpresentsnewsituationsthatmaynothavebeenpossiblethroughtraditionalmeans.A4,500yearoldbronzestatuefromSanxingdui,forcenturiesinbrokenandbentpieces,nowappearsinitsimpressiveform.Therestoration(修復(fù))isanimportantdevelopmentforarchaeology—it’sdigital.Thebronzestatueshowsafourleggedbeastwithaworshipperkneelingonitsback.Thebeastandthekneelingworshipperwereunearthedseparatelyfromtwodifferentholesin2021.Throughmarkingsonthebeast’sbackandtheworshipper’sknees,theteamguessedtheymayhavebeenpartofthesamestatue.3DmodelingandAIanalysisofsize,weightandbalancehelpedtheteamtodecidethatthetwobelongedtogether.putervisionaidedinstraighteningthebentpartsandfillinginmissingpieces,suchasanearandanarm.SanxingduiisbelievedtobepartoftheancientShuKingdom.ThereisnowrittentextonhowtheShupeoplelivedorwhytheydisappeared.Cluestotheirexistenceefromrelics.

Whilesomerelicswerediscoveredinthelate1920s,detailedarchaeologicalexcavations(挖掘)beganonlyinthe1980swhenthefirsttwoholeswereunearthed.Sixmorecametolightin2021.Alluncoveredrelicssuggestacivilizationnotonlytechnologicallyadvanced,butalsoearlierthanfirstthought.“Thereismoretotheworkwearedoingthanjustarchaeology.”saidZhanShu,HeadofDCL.TheprojectwillincludetheShupeople’shistoryandcultureintovideogames,music,andliteraturesothatthepastcanbemorerelatedtotheyoungergenerations.1.Whatcanweknowabouttherestorationofthebronzestatue?A.Digitaltechnologiesprovidedanewsolution.B.Therestorationwaspletedbyhand.C.Traditionalwayshelpedfillinmissingparts.D.Majorpartswerediscoveredinonesinglehole.2.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellusaboutSanxingdui?A.Itsnewlyfoundwrittentext. B.Itssuddendisappearance.C.Itsexcavationmethod. D.Itsarchaeologicalvalue.3.WhydoestheprojectincludeShuhistoryinmodernmedia?A.Toproviderelaxationmeans. B.Toreformmusiceducation.C.Toconnectyouthswithhistory. D.TohighlightShutechnology.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.DigitalTechnologies:ChangingArchaeologicalPracticesB.Sanxingdui:TheLostCivilizationoftheShuKingdomC.UncoveringtheSecretsofAncientBronzeStatueD.PromotingCultureThroughHistoryEducation2Asakid,PamelaAkukuspentherweekendsexploringtheNationalMuseumsofKenya,followingalongwithhermomwhoworkedthere.Akukubecamefascinatedwiththeresearchers.Shesawthemusingvariousequipmentandresearchingthefossilscarefully.“ButIdidn’tknowwhattheyweredoingatthetime,”shesays.“Ikeptaskingmymomaboutit.”Akuku’smomsawherdaughter’scuriosityandsignedherupforthemuseum’sYoungResearchersClub.Akukusoontookpartinmockexcavations(模擬挖掘)andreconstructedbones.“Ienjoyedreadingandpuzzles,”saysAkuku.“Andthiswasamixtureofthetwo.”Themuseumexperienceshelpedinspirehercareerasanarcheologist.Afterherfouryearsinuniversity,shewassurethatshewantedtostudyarchaeology.Shedidhermaster’sinSouthAfricaandmajoredinzooarchaeology(動(dòng)物考古學(xué)).SheisnowattheCatalanInstituteofHumanPaleoecologyandSocialEvolutioninTarragona,Spain.There,shestudieshowancienthumansmodified(改良)animalbones.Herresearchishelpingtorevealmoreaboutwhereearlyhumanslived.She’scurrentlystudyingtheremainsfromTanzania’sOlduvaiGorge,whereresearcherspreviouslydiscoveredstonetoolsandevidenceofearlyhumanancestorsgoingbackasfaras2millionyears.Akukugivessomeadvicetopeoplewhowanttodoherjob.“Bepreparedtoeacrosshardconditions.Workinginthisfieldischallenging.Youhavetoworktwiceashardjusttoberecognized,”Akukusaid.Butshehaslearnedtodealwithit.Nowshealwaystellseveryonetheeffortsareworthy.5.WhydidAkuku’smotherletherjoinintheYoungResearchersClub?A.Akukushowedinterestintheclub. B.Akuku’smomwascuriousabouttheclub.C.Akuku’smomwantedAkukutohelpwithherjob. D.Akukuhopedtobeanarchaeologist.6.WhatisAkuku’spresentresearchabout?A.Whyzooarchaeologyispopular. B.WhentherelicsofTarragonaappeared.C.Whatcanbefoundfromancientfossils. D.Howancientpeoplemodifiedanimalbones.7.WhatcanweknowaboutTanzania’sOlduvaiGorge?A.Manystonetoolsremaintobefoundthere. B.Ancienthumanmaylivethere2millionyearsago.C.Therearefewrelicsleftatpresent. D.Fewresearchersshowinterestinit.8.InAkuku’sopinion,ifyouwishtobeanarchaeologist,youshould______.A.dealwithchallengeswithcolleagues B.learntobeverysmartC.dothejobharderthanotherpeople D.believewhatyoudoisimportant3Everydaypeoplejoinedarchaeologistsandartistsinfindingsomeoftheyear’smostdramaticdiscoveries.Belowaresomeexamplesof2023.“Naughtypupils”ancientpunishmentmethodresurfacesArchaeologistsdiscovered18,000inkcarvedpiecesofpotteryknownas“ostraca”—atthesiteofAthribisearlythisyear,andamongthemwerehundredsoffragments(碎片)withasinglesymbolrepeatedfrontandback.Thosescribbles(潦草的文字)areevidenceof‘naughty“pupils”beingmadetowritelines,accordingtoresearchersaGermany’sUniversityofTuebingen.Thefragmentsalsoincludedreceipts,schooltexts,tradeinformationandlistsofnames.VanGoghpeersoutinhiddenportraitThereisonemoreknownvanGogh’sselfportraitintheworld,anditwashiddenbehindapaintingofapeasantwoman.PeoplemadethediscoverywhentheytookanXrayofoneofhisportraitsfrom1885anddiscoveredtheartist’sownimagebehindlayersofcardboardandglue.WhileXraysoftenrevealhowartistschangedtheirpositions,thefullselfportraitofvanGoghcameasahugesurprise,whowasknowntoreusecanvase(畫布)tosavemoney.AnothertreasurecollectionfromSanxingduiTheSanxingduiarchaeologicalsitehasproducedthousandsofrelics.Thelatestdiscovery,reportedbyChinesestatemediainJuneincludes3,155objects,aturtleshellshapedboxandasacrificialaltaramongthem.Ateamhasbeendiggingsixplacesofthesite,turningupmorethan13,000objectssofar.Lastyear,therelicstheyuncoveredincludedagoldenmask,ivoryartifacts(手工藝品)andajadeknife.TheSanxingduiculturestillremainsmysterious,asitleftbehindnowrittenrecordsorhumanremains,thoughmanybelieveittobepartoftheancientkingdomofShu,whichruledalongtheupperstreamoftheYangtzeRiveruntilitwasconqueredin316BC.9.Whatledtotheresearchers’conclusionaboutthefragments?A.Therepeatedsymbol. B.Tradeinformation.C.Listsofpupils’names. D.Themarkofink.10.WhydidvanGoghhidehisselfportraitinapainting?A.TokeepawayfromXrays.B.Tosavemoney.C.Tomakehisworksmoremysterious.D.Tohelppeoplefindhisposition.11.Whichisthenewlyunearthedrelicof2023inSanxingduisite?A.Ajadeknife. B.Agoldenmask.C.Awrittenrecord. D.Aturtleshellshapedbox.4Althoughliteracyappearedindependentlyinseveralpartsoftheprehistoricworld,theearliestevidenceofwritingisthecuneiformSumerianscriptontheclaytabletsofancientMesopotamia,which,archaeologicaldetectiveworkhasrevealed,haditsoriginsintheaccountingpracticesofmercialactivity.Researchersdemonstratedthatpreliteratepeople,tokeeptrackofthegoodstheyproducedandexchanged,createdasystemofaccountingusingclaytokensassymbolicrepresentationsoftheirproducts.Overmanythousandsofyears,thesymbolsevolvedthroughseveralstagesofabstractionuntiltheybecamewedgeshaped(cuneiform)signsonclaytablets,recognizableaswriting.Theoriginaltokenswerethreedimensionalsolidshapes—tinyspheres,cones,disks,andcylinders.Adebtofsixunitsofgrainandeightheadoflivestock,forexample,mighthavebeenrepresentedbysixconicalandeightcylindricaltokens.Tokeepbatchesoftokenstogether,aninnovationwasintroducedwherebytheyweresealedinsideclayenvelopesthatcouldbebrokenopenandcountedwhenitcametimeforadebttoberepaid.Butbecausethecontentsoftheenvelopescouldeasilybeforgotten,twodimensionalrepresentationsofthethreedimensionaltokenswereimpressedintothesurfaceoftheenvelopesbeforetheyweresealed.Eventually,havingtwosetsofequivalentsymbols—theinternaltokensandexternalmarkings—cametoseemredundant,sothetokenswereeliminated,andonlysolidclaytabletswithtwodimensionalsymbolswereretained.Overtime,thesymbolsbecamemorenumerous,varied,andabstractandcametorepresentmorethantrademodities,evolvingeventuallyintocuneiformwriting.Theevolutionofthesymbolismisreflectedinthearchaeologicalrecordfirstofallbytheincreasingplexityofthetokensthemselves.Theearliesttokens,datingfromabout10,000to6,000yearsago,wereofonlythesimplestgeometricshapes.Butabout3500B.C.E.,moreplextokenscameintomonusage,includingmanynaturalisticformsshapedlikeminiaturetools,furniture,fruit,andhumans.12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutclayenvelopes?A.Theycontainedbatchesoftokens. B.Theycouldbereusedfrequently.C.Theyhadmarkingsontheoutside. D.Theycouldbeusedtorecorddebts.13.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutthedifferencebetweenearliertokensandlatertokens?A.Latertokensweremadeofmanydifferentmaterials,butearlieronesweremadeonlyofclay.B.Latertokensoftenlookedlikethemoditiesthattheyrepresented,butearlieronesdidnot.C.Latertokensrepresentedagriculturalproducts,butearlieronesrepresentedfinishedproducts.D.Latertokenswerebasedonpictographs,butearlieroneswerebasedonnaturalisticforms.14.Whichofthesentencesbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheunderlinedsentence?A.Sumerianscript,theearliestknownformofwritingamongprehistoricwritingsystems,wasfirstusedonclaytabletsforaccountingpurposes.B.AlthoughtheearliestSumeriansengagedinmercialactivityandpracticedaccounting,theywerenotasliterateaspeopleinotherpartsoftheprehistoricworld.C.Archaeologistshavediscoveredthatliteracywasdevelopedinseveralpartsoftheworld,includingancientMesopotamia.D.ArchaeologicaldetectiveworkhasrevealedthemercialaccountingpracticesoftheSumeriansofancientMesopotamiaandprovidedawrittenrecordoftheirintensemercialactivity.15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.EvidenceoftheEarliestWriting B.AlonghistoryoftokensC.Evolutionofthesymbolism D.Originsofthesymbols5Believeitornot,sheepareplayinganimportantroleinprotectingtheruinsofPompeii,anancientRomancitythatwasburiedundervolcanicashabout2,000yearsago.Archaeologistshavebeendiggingtheruinsforover250years,butonlytwothirdsofthe66hectareareahavebeenexplored,reportedCNN.Topreventtheunexcavated(未發(fā)掘的)partsoftheruinsfrombeingnaturallydamagedovertime,archaeologistshaveturnedtoagroupof150sheepforhelp.Manygrassyhillstherearedotted(布滿)withtheremainsofoldhousesandshops.Grassandotherplantscancauseproblemsiftheyarelefttogrowonancientwallsandhouses.Therefore,thetaskofthesesheepistoeatupthegrass,preventinganyovergrowththatmayharmtheruins.Besides,turningtosheepinsteadofherbicides(除草劑)costslessandismoreenvironmentfriendly.ThissheepysolutionispartofthePompeiiArchaeologicalPark’sprotectionefforts.Since2018,newexcavationshavebeenlaunched(啟動(dòng))inRegioVarea,thenorthernpartofthecity.Ithasresultedinexcitingdiscoveriessuchasfrescoes(壁畫),asnackshop,andtheskeletalremains(遺骸)ofpeoplewhodiedinthedisaster.GabrielZuchtriegel,directorofthePompeiiArchaeologicalPark,toldGoTopNewsthatthesheepinitiative(倡議)isasustainable(可持續(xù)的)projectthatsavesmoneyandprotectsthelandscape.Besides,thesheephavebeepartofthelandscapeitself,bringingtheancientcitybacktolife.“It’salsosomethingthatreallygivesanideaofwhatPompeiiwaslikewhenitwasrediscovered,”saidZuchtriegel.“Itwasforests,vineyards,sheepandthatkindofruralsetting,andinthemiddleofitwasPompeii.”16.Whydothearchaeologistsusesheep?A.ToexcavatePompeiiquickly. B.Toreduceovergrowthofgrass.C.Tosaveherbicides. D.Topromoteeconomyofthisarea.17.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.Thesheepsolutionhascausedsometrouble. B.Ithascostalotofmoneytoexcavatetheruins.C.Thediscoverieshavepuzzledarchaeologists. D.MuchworkhasbeendonetoprotectPompeii.18.HowdidZuchtriegelfindtheinitiative?A.Helpful. B.Worrying. C.Annoying. D.Doubtful.19.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NewDiscoveryinRuins B.SheepRescuingPompeiiC.Archaeologists’Achievements(成就) D.PeopleWorryingaboutPompeii6“Someinconspicuous(不起眼的)artifacts,onceunearthedandcleaned,cantransportmebackacrosstimeasItouchthem.It’sasthoughIwereinthesamespacewithancientpeoplewholivedmillionsofyearsago.”ThisiswhatXuDanyang,ayoungmemberofthemunistPartyofChinaresponsibleforexcavationoftheNo.4sacrificialpit(祭祀坑)attheSanxingduiruinssiteinDeyang,Sichuanprovince,saysofhisviewofhisjob.Archaeologyusedtobeafieldfewuniversitystudentswantedtostudy,Xusays.However,discoveriesatSanxingduihavechangedstudents’preconceptions.TheincreasingpopularityofSanxingduiisagoodthing,Xusays.ThereasonwhythesitehasattractedinternationalattentionisthatbronzewareandgolddecorationsunearthedtherehavegivenpeoplefreshglimpsesoftheancientShuKingdom,illustratingtheinclusivenessofChinesecivilization.Speakingofthepitteam,Xusaysmorethanhalfthememberswereborninthe1990s.ThedailyworkofXuandhisteamcanbesplitintotwoparts:theindoorworkofreorganizingmaterialsandconductingresearch,andtheoutdoorarchaeologicalfieldwork,bothofwhichrequiregreatmeticulousness(謹(jǐn)小慎微).Theprocessofdigneedscarefulteamwork,andeveryoneperformstheirdutiesextremely.Onedoesnotexpectquicksuccessorinstantrewards.Sopatienceisamust.Theinfinitenatureofhumanhistorycanbereflectedasoneconnectsseeminglyinsignificantdiscoveries.20.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“excavation”inparagraph1mean?A.Discovery. B.Dig. C.Invention. D.Breakthrough.21.WhateffecthavethediscoveriesatSanxingduihadonstudents’viewofarchaeology?A.Decreasedinterestinstudyingarchaeology.B.Nochangeinpeople’sview.C.DecreasedattentiononSanxingdui.D.Increasedinterestinstudyingarchaeology.22.WhathasattractedinternationalattentiontotheSanxingduiruinssite?A.Unearthedbronzewareandgolddecorations.B.Carefulteamwork.C.XuDanyang’sviewofhisjob.D.TheinclusivenatureofChinesecivilization.23.Whatqualityiscrucialforsuccessinthefieldofarchaeology?A.Quicksuccessandinstantrewards.B.Carefulteamworkandpatience.C.Decreasedattention.D.Reorganizingmaterials.7OnApril18—theInternationalDayforMonumentsandSites,ChinaDaily’sdigitalemployeeYuanxiandDunhuangMogaoGrottoes’officialvirtualcartoonfigureJiayaotogetherintroducedaninteractivedigitalplatformthathostsavirtualcopyoftheMogaoGrottoes’LibraryCave(藏經(jīng)洞)totheworld.TheplatformwasdevelopedjointlybytheDunhuangAcademyandtheChinesetechfirmTencent.ItusesgamingtechnologiestoshowthehistoricalscenesoftheLibraryCaveinthedigitalworld.TheLibraryCaveinMogaoGrottoeswasdiscoveredin1900,withmorethan60,000culturalrelicsdatingfromthe4thcenturytothe11thcenturyunearthed.Itwasoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicaldiscoveriesinthe20thcentury.Ontheplatform,visitorscanroleplayand“timetravel”toancientdynastiesandtalkwitheighthistoricalfigures.ThepubliccanentertheplatformthroughtheDigitalDunhuangwebsiteanditsWeChatminiprogram.Inthedigitalage,themodelof“culture+technology”hasbeenintroducedtofacilitatethedevelopmentofChineseculture.ThedigitalizationrateofChina’spreciousculturalrelicsisnowover70percent,accordingtothe2022ChinaDigitalCollectionIndustryResearchReportreleasedbyiResearch.InstitutionssuchasthePalaceMuseumhavealsostartedonlinedigitalservicesoftheirown.Artificialintelligence(AI)technologyallowsthepublictoviewtheinteriorofthebuildingsthroughthePalaceMuseum’sWeChatminiprogram.TheMinistryofCultureandTourismhasalsoencouragedthedevelopmentandtransformationofculturalintellectualproperty(知識產(chǎn)權(quán))bydigitalmeans.ChinaCentralTelevisionhascreatedaseriesofdigitalcollectionswithdifferentDunhuangthemes,suchastheDunhuangdivinedeer(神鹿)Youyou.ItwascreatedbasedontheimageoftheninecoloreddeerfromDunhuangmurals(壁畫).ThepubliccanseethedivinedeeronCCTV’sowndigitalplatform.Digitalcollectionscatertotheconsumptionhabitsofyoungpeople,whogrowupintheinformationage.TheynotonlyprotecttheintellectualpropertyofthecollectionsbutalsobringthepublicclosertoChina’s“excellenttraditionalculture”,notedDunhuangArtInstitute.SuBomin,directoroftheDunhuangAcademy,toldXinhuathatmoreeffortswillbemadetoexplorenewformsforshowingculturalrelicsandofferthepublicgreaterculturalexperiencestodevelopDunhuangculture.24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthevirtualcopyoftheMogaoGrottoes’LibraryCaveistrue?A.ItwasdevelopedbytheDunhuangAcademyalone.B.ThepubliccanhaveaccesstoitthroughWechatminiprogram.C.Ithasappliedthelatesttimetravelingandgamingtechnology.D.Itwasunearthedin1900withmorethan60,000culturalrelics.25.Whatisthepurposeofthemodelof“culture+technology”?A.Toshowthelatestgamingtechnologies.B.Tohelpculturalinstitutionsmakeaprofit.C.TopromotethedevelopmentofChineseculture.D.ToencouragepeopletoexploreChineseculturalrelics.26.HowdoestheauthorintroducethesuccessofdigitalcollectionsinParagraph7?A.Bylistingfigures. B.Bymakingparisons.C.Bygivingdefinitions. D.Bygivingexamples.27.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?A.China’snewwayinrebuildingMogaoGrottoes’LibraryCave.B.China’ssuccessinpromotingthedigitizationrateofculturalrelics.C.China’sinteractivedigitalplatformindevelopingDunhuangculture.D.China’slatestadvancesinthedevelopmentofculturalintellectualproperty.8ConservatorsandrestorershavemadecontinuousinnovationsinscienceandtechnologyapplicationsoverthepastfewyearsinChinatoshowculturalrelicsinanewlight,literally,andhelptraditionalcultureshinewithagreatervitality.Withmoderntechnologyandequipmentpreservingthetruecolorsofculturalheritage,nowpeoplecanbetterappreciatehistory.A3DprintedcopyofagreenfacedTerracottaWarriorfromtheQinDynasty(221206BC)attheEmperorQinshihuang’sMausoleumSiteMuseum(Xi’an)recentlyattractedalargeandappreciativeaudienceatanexhibitioninChongqing,SouthwestChina.Theexhibition,CraftsFirst:TechnologyandEquipmentforCulturalRelicsPreservation,kickedoffonSept27andshowcasestechnologiesandequipmentusedinthepreventionofdamage,protection,researchandmanagement,aswellastheuseofculturalrelics.Itissaidtobethefirstofitskindinthecountry.Theexhibitionwilllastthreemonths.TheoriginalTerracottaWarrior,onwhichthecopyonshowisbased,wasunearthedfrompitNo2intheQinshihuangMausoleum.Itistheonlyonewithagreenfaceandishighlyvaluableforarchaeologicalresearch,accordingtodeputycurator(館長)ofthemuseumZhouPing.ZhousaidthattoshowcasethegreenfacedTerracottaWarrior—halfkneelingandpaintedingreenandred—tothepublic,themuseumcameupwiththeideaofpromotingacopybyusingachievementsinarchaeology,materialsscience,artsandcrafts,aswellasnewdigitalizationtechnology,suchasspectrumanalysis,highdefinitionscanningand3Dprinting.“Ifeelveryproudthatallthetechnologiesandequipmentaredomesticallydeveloped,”saidthecurator.“Ihopemoreandmorehightechenterprisesareattractedtothefieldofculturalrelics,whichwebelieveisarealblueoceanmarket.”28.Whatistrueaboutthe3Dprintedcopy?A.ItwasunearthedfrompitNo2.B.Itisacraftworkofmultiplefields.C.Itisvaluableduetoitsgreenface.D.Itisawellpreservedculturalrelic.29.Whatdoweknowabouttheexhibition?A.IthasendedonSept27.B.Itshowsmanycopiesofrelics.C.Itisabrandnewkindofexhibition.D.ItattractsalargeaudiencefromXi’an.9DISCOVERWEEDONISLAND’SANCIENTPASTIfyouareinterestedinarchaeology,experiencehandsonarchaeologyatWeedonIslandPreserve,oneofFlorida’sexceptionalarchaeologicalsites.AWIAREoffersoneweekcampfocusedonarchaeologyforkidsenteringGrade1and5.Studentswilllearnaboutthebasicarchaeologythroughhandson,interactiveclassroomprojects,outdooractivities,andavisittoanarchaeologicalsiteintheTampaBayarea.Day12Followedbyengagingicebreakeractivitiesandteambuildingexercises,participantswillattendthespeechesdeliveredbytheworldknownarchaeologists.Dr.RobertAustinandDr.JohnArthurwillrespectivelygivespeechesaboutthesiteandlocalhistoryoftheTampaBayarea.Thedayswillconcludewithbasictrainingonexcavationtechniquesandtools,settingthegroundworkforhandsoninvolvementinthearchaeologicalexplorationahead.Day34Participantswillexplorelocalhistoricsiteslongcoveredbyplantsandlearnhowarchaeologistssurveysitesusingdirectmeasurements,digitalcameras,carefulnotes,andhandheldGPSunits.Thistripwillalsoprovideanopportunitytolearnmoreabouttheenvironmentinwhichthesesiteswerecreated.Day57ParticipantswillbeinvolvedinassistingAWIAREresearchersinexcavation,recordingdata,screeningsediment,andcollectingartifacts,bone,andsamples.What’smore,YouwillalsohelpsortingandprocessingartifactsfromtheexcavationandothersitesintheTampaBayarea.Date:August1016,2024Time:9:00am5:00pmExpeditioncost:$300perparticipant,whichincludesdailylunchattheAWIAREResearchStation.Returncampersreceivea20%discount.RegistrationisnowopenfortheHandsOnArchaeologyCamps.30.Whocanbethetargetaudienceforthecamp?A.Studentsinprimaryschool. B.KidsinterestedinUKhistory.C.TouristsinterestedinWeedonIsland. D.Undergraduatesmajoringinarchaeology.31.WhatwillparticipantsprobablydoonAugust13,2024?A.Helpimprovethesite’senvironment. B.Helpreconstructancientobjects.C.Assistprofessionalexcavations. D.Explorevegetationcoveredlocalhistoricsites.32.Howmuchisthecostfortwokidsingbackthisyear?A.$240 B.$480. C.$600. D.$720.10Calledthe“DaughterofDunhuang”,ChinesearchaeologistFanJinshi,85,wasawardedbyUNESCOforheroutstandingcontributiontotheprotectionoftheDunhuangMogaoCaves.FanJinshi’sstorywiththecavesstarted60yearsago.In1963,Fan,thena25yearoldPekingUniversitygraduate,wasassignedtoworkattheMogaoCaves,aplaceshehadbeenlongingtoexplore.Thoughherfatherwasconcernedaboutherhealthandtriedtogetherreassignedtoadifferentplace,Fanboardedatrainandheadedtotheremotewest.“SeeingDunhuangforthefirsttimewasabsolutelybreathtaking.ButonlywhentrulystayingheredidIrealizeinsidethecavesisaworldofexceptionalbeautywhileoutsideisalandofblowingsandandendlessyellowearth,”Fansaid.Backinthosedays,theMogaoCaveswerealmostcutofffromtheworld.Fanandhercoworkershadtoliveinmudhousesanddrinksaltywater.Theystayedinsidethecavestodoresearch,tryingwhatevertheycouldtoprotectandrestorethem.In2011,after40yearsofhardwork,areporton10MogaoCavespiled(匯編)byFan’steamwasfinallypublished,whichwasChina’sfirstacademicreportoncavearchaeology.Astimepassed,Fanfoundaseriousproblem.TheincreasingnumberoftouristsvisitingDunhuangmightharmthecaves,causingmurals(壁畫)toblur(變模糊)andcolorstofade.In1980s,Fangottoknowputertechnologybyaccident.SherealizedthismightbethechancetopreservetheMogaoCavesforever.Afterover30yearsofexploration,theDunhuangAcademybuiltadigitaldatabase,allowingDunhuang’sarttoliveforeverandtostepoutofthecavestomeettheworld.“Inmyentirelife,I’veonlydoneonething:safeguardandpromotetheworldculturalheritage—theMogaoCaves,”shetoldPeople’sDaily.“MyheartbelongstoDunhuang.”33.WhatcanwelearnaboutFanfromthearticle?A.Sheisawomanwithdetermination.B.Herhealthwasaffectedbyherstressfulwork.C.ShebeganherworkattheMogaoCavesat23.D.Herfathersupportedherjobfromtheverybeginning.34.WhatwasFan’sinitialimpressionofDunhuang?A.Itwasanamazingplace.B.Theenvironmentwasterrible.C.Shewasalmostcutofffromtheworld.D.Theworkconditionswerebetterthanexpected.35.WhatpushedFantoestablishadigitaldatabasefortheMogaoCaves?A.Herinterestinputertechnology.B.HerdesiretopromoteChineseculture.C.Theneedtodocumenttherestorationwork.D.Theincreasingthreattothephysicalcaves.36.WhatdoesFanthinkofherworkinDunhuang?A.Ithasearnedherrecognition. B.Ithasbeenherlifelongcalling.C.Ithaspromotedculturalexchange. D.Ithasinspiredmanyyoungpeople.11MynameisAriannaTravigliaandI’maseniorculturalandheritageresearcherattheCentreforCulturalHeritageTechnologyattheItalianInstituteofTechnologyinGenoa,Italy.Asheadoftheteam,Iencouragethedevelopmentofnewtechnologiestomaintainandprotectimportantarchaeological(考古學(xué)的)findings.Rightnow,Iamworkingin