高三下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)1.建議信學(xué)案

應(yīng)用文學(xué)案建議信Letterofadvice應(yīng)用文學(xué)案建議信Letterofadvice一、寫作攻略建議信是向收信人對(duì)某事提出寫信人的建議和忠告。建議信有可能是寫給個(gè)人，就其遇到的某個(gè)問(wèn)題提出自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)；也可能是寫給某個(gè)組織和機(jī)構(gòu)，就改進(jìn)其服務(wù)提出建議或忠告。建議信要寫出寫信的原因，建議的內(nèi)容，提出建議的理由，提出的理由要入情入理，語(yǔ)氣一定要禮貌當(dāng)先。因此建議信要寫得簡(jiǎn)明扼要、目的明確、具有合理性和說(shuō)服力。具體寫作步驟：1.首段：表明寫作意圖。陳述事由，注意語(yǔ)氣。2.主體段落：應(yīng)該首先肯定對(duì)方的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，然后再寫需要改進(jìn)的地方或針對(duì)具體情況提出具體建議或忠告。千萬(wàn)注意不要讓別人以為你是在投訴，而不是提建議。3.結(jié)尾段：對(duì)提出的建議進(jìn)行總結(jié)，要注意有禮貌使讀者容易接受。寫作這類題目時(shí),要注意審清題目，不要跑題，時(shí)刻記得書信的交際功能，要考慮到收信人的感受。在給對(duì)方提建議時(shí)應(yīng)該時(shí)時(shí)說(shuō)到I和You，要讓人時(shí)刻感受到這是一種交流。二、寫作要點(diǎn)建議信是一種應(yīng)用文體，主體時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主體人稱為第二人稱。1.寫作主題:作者對(duì)有關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析，并對(duì)這些問(wèn)題提出自己的看法和建議。2.寫作對(duì)象：1）寫給某個(gè)人，就此人遇到的問(wèn)題提出自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法。2）寫給某個(gè)組織和機(jī)構(gòu)，就改進(jìn)其服務(wù)提出建議或忠告。3.基本框架：1）開頭（beginning）：開門見山，向?qū)Ψ疥愂鲎约旱挠^點(diǎn)。2）對(duì)提出的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析并說(shuō)明理由，接著提出自己的建議。3）呼應(yīng)開頭，重申觀點(diǎn)。4.注意事項(xiàng)：1）寫出寫信的原因，建議的內(nèi)容，提出建議的理由，提出的理由要入情入理，語(yǔ)氣一定要禮貌當(dāng)先。簡(jiǎn)明扼要，目的明確，具有合理性和說(shuō)服力。2）建議信一般為半開放性寫作，因此建議的角度要多樣化。3）符合英語(yǔ)信件的基本格式。三、常用套語(yǔ)建議信開頭常用句式：I’mwritingtoexpressmyviewabout/on…Youhaveaskedmyopinionon….soIwilltrytomakesomesuggestions.It’smypleasuretoofferyousomesuggestionsonhowto…建議信表達(dá)建議常用句式：Ithinkitwouldbemorebeneficialtoyouifyoucould…Inmyopinion,it’sveryimportantforyouto…Inmyopinion,itwouldbewiseofyouto…I’mafraidyou’dbetter…建議信結(jié)尾常用句式：Ibelieveyouwilltakemyadviceintoaccount.Ihopeyouwillfindthesesuggestions/remendationsuseful/ofimportance.Ihopeyoumayconsidermyadvice.Iwouldbereadytodiscussthismatterwithyouforfurtherdetails.四、常用篇章模式DearBob, I’mgladtoreceiveyourletteraskingformyadviceon….HerearesomesuggestionswhichIhopewillbeofsomehelptoyou. Tobeginwith,itisagoodideato….,throughwhichnotonlycanyou….butalsoyoucan…..Next,Ithinkitwouldbebeneficialifyou….Thisisbecause….Lastbutnotleast,ifpossible,….ThereasonwhyIremenditisthat…. I’llbemorethanhappyifyoucantakemysuggestionsintoconsideration.Ifyouneedfurtherinformation,don’thesitatetocontactme.Sincerelyyours,LiHua五、實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練例1：假如你叫孫軍，是鄭州市第12學(xué)高中部的一名學(xué)生，要給市長(zhǎng)寫一封信，反映學(xué)校門前交通擁擠的現(xiàn)象，包括以下要點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)栴}：學(xué)校和一所小學(xué)毗鄰，對(duì)著馬路，高峰期交通繁忙；加之孩子小，家長(zhǎng)接送，交通更擁擠；學(xué)生過(guò)馬路在車輛中穿行危險(xiǎn)。建議：政府應(yīng)采取措施，如修天橋等。注意：1.書信應(yīng)包括以上內(nèi)容，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；2.詞數(shù)100左右； 3.參考詞匯：市長(zhǎng)mayor,天橋overpass第一步：審題養(yǎng)成重視審題的習(xí)慣?，F(xiàn)以此題為例，談?wù)勅绾螌忣}：思考的問(wèn)題樣題分析第幾人稱？（person）第一人稱文章的題材是什么？一封信要寫的文章主題是什么？（topic）建議政府采取措施舒緩交通擁擠的狀況怎樣安排信息點(diǎn)的順序？（order）說(shuō)理邏輯性動(dòng)作是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的？（時(shí)態(tài)）（when）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第二步：搜索相關(guān)詞組或句型問(wèn)題：學(xué)校和一所小學(xué)毗鄰，對(duì)著大街，高峰期交通繁忙；加之孩子小,家長(zhǎng)接送，交通更擁擠；學(xué)生過(guò)街在車輛中穿行危險(xiǎn)。建議：政府應(yīng)采取措施,如修天橋等。1)學(xué)校與一所小學(xué)毗鄰,對(duì)著大街(standnextto…primary…facethemainstreet…)推薦句型：Therebe+并列句There’saprimaryschoolnearourschool,andbothschoolsfacethemainstreet.非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)Ourschoolstandsnexttoaprimaryschool,facingthemainstreet.Standingnexttoaprimaryschool,ourschoolfacesthemainstreet.將介詞短語(yǔ)提前（全倒裝）Nexttoaprimaryschoolstands/lies/isourschool…,facingamainstreet.潤(rùn)色小建議可將standnextto替換為高級(jí)詞匯/短語(yǔ),如：(belocatednextto(near/beside/by)2)在…對(duì)面beoppositeto3)高峰期交通繁忙表達(dá)Thetrafficisbusyduringtherushhour.Duringtherushhour,thereisalotoftraffic.還可用so….that…Duringtherushhour,therearesomanycarsandbusesgoingontheroadthat…用with結(jié)構(gòu)是不是更高級(jí)？Withsomanycarsandbusesgoingontheroad,…潤(rùn)色小建議“高峰期”可意譯:atpeaktime，alargecurrentofcarsandpeople4)“交通繁忙”可譯為:trafficjambechoked(up)with…,becrammedwith…被…堵塞/塞滿5)加之孩子小,家長(zhǎng)接送,交通更擁擠Manyparentssendtheiryoungchildrentoschoolandfetchthemhome,whichmakesthetrafficheavier.用非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)如何？是不是句子更高級(jí)了？Manyparentssendtheiryoungchildrentoschoolandfetchthemhome,makingthetrafficheavier.What’smore,…pickup….make….Tomakethingsworse/What’sworse,manyparentsingtopickuptheirchildrenmakethestreetmorecrowded.用so….that….或too…toThechildrenaresoyoungthatparentshavetosendthemtoschoolandfetchthemhome,whichmakesthetrafficheavier.潤(rùn)色小建議makingthetrafficheavier可換為makingthesituationmoreserious.6)學(xué)生過(guò)街在車輛中穿行危險(xiǎn)固定句型Itis+adj.+forsb.todo….Itisdangerousforthestudentstothreadtheirwayamongbusesandcarswhencrossingtheroad.潤(rùn)色小建議:適當(dāng)增加形容詞和副詞：itisextremelydangerous，itisofgreat/tremendousdanger7)政府應(yīng)采取措施,如修天橋等。簡(jiǎn)單句:Isuggestthatthegovernmentshouldtakestepssuchasbuildinganoverpass.表語(yǔ)從句Mysuggestionisthatthegovernmentshould…固定句型Itishightimethat…(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)Itishightimethatrelevantauthoritiestooksomemeasureslikebuilding…潤(rùn)色小建議適當(dāng)添加一些意思（過(guò)渡句）Inordertorelievethestressoftrafficproblems,…Aimingtosolvetheseproblems,thegovernmentshould…Seeingthesematters,neverwillIstopurgingourgovernmenttotakesomemeasures.Forthesakeofimprovingthequalityoftraffic,itissignificanttobuild…第三步:連句成文，但要注意篇章的連貫性請(qǐng)將選項(xiàng)填入下面文中，以使行文連貫A.AsaconsequenceB.AccordingtothephenomenonstatedaboveC.WhenitestotrafficjamsD.WhatmakesthingsworseisthatNexttoaprimaryschoolstandsourschool,facingamainstreet.___________,it’scrammedwithcarsduringtherushhour._______________childrenhavetobepickedupbytheirparentsowingtotheiryoungage.___________,it’sofgreatdangerforthestudentstogothroughthetraffic._________________,itishightimethatrelevantauthoritiestooksomemeasureslikebuildinganoverpass.（Keys:CDAB）范文：DearMayor, I’mastudentofNo.12HighSchool.HereIamwritingtouncoverthetrafficproblemsinfrontofourschoolgate. Myschoolstandsnexttoaprimaryschoolandfacesamainstreet.Whenitestorushhour,theroadiscrammedwithbusesandcars.Besides,childrenhavetobepickedupbytheirparentsowingtotheiryoungage,whichcontributestoanevenworsetrafficsituation.Asaconsequence,it’sofgreatdangerforthestudentstothreadtheirwayamongbusesandcarswhencrossingtheroad. Therefore,it’shightimeforthegovernmenttotakesomemeasureslikebuildinganoverpasstorelievethetrafficburdenandimprovethetrafficconditionofthisarea.Wewillappreciatethehelpverymuch.Thankyouforyourtime!Yoursfaithfully,SunJun例2.假定你是李華，你的英語(yǔ)朋友Peter來(lái)信向你詢問(wèn)如何才能學(xué)好中文。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)寫回信。要點(diǎn)：1.參加中文學(xué)習(xí)班；2.看中文書刊，電視；3.學(xué)唱中文歌曲；4.交中國(guó)朋友。注意：可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；開頭語(yǔ)已給出。認(rèn)真審題，根據(jù)題意在下面填入你認(rèn)為恰當(dāng)?shù)木渥樱梢痪涠嘧g）。DearPeter,I’mgladtoreceiveyourletteraskingformyadviceonhowtolearnChinesewell.1._______________________________________________________________________________.First2.___________________________________________________________________________Then,3._______________________________________________________________________________Besides,4.____________________________________________________________________________Inaddition,youcanalsomakemoreChinesefriends.TheywilltellyoualotaboutChinaandhelpyoulearnChinese.5._______________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua參考一下：1.①Hereareafewsuggestions.②Thefollowingareafewsuggestionsforyou.2.①itisimportanttotakeaChinesecourse,asyou’llbeabletolearnfromtheteachersandpracticewithyourfellowstudents.②youhadbetterattendaChinesecourse,where,withotherstudents,youcanlearnundertheguidanceofateacher.3.①italsohelpstowatchTVandreadbooks,newspapers,andmagazinesinChinesewheneverpossible.②beingrepeatedlyexposedtoChinesebooks,magazines,andTVcanalsohelpyoualot.4.①itshouldbeagoodideatolearnandsingChinesesongs,becausebydoingsoyou’lllearnandrememberChinesewordsmoreeasily.②itisbeneficialtoyoutolearntosingChinesesongs,whichcanmakeyourlearningmoreinterestingandeffective.5.①TryandwritetomeinChinesenexttime.②Lookingforwardtoyourprogress.例3：假定你是李明，今年剛升入某高中上學(xué)，總體感覺(jué)宿舍環(huán)境良好、設(shè)備齊全。但是，仍然存在一些不盡人意的方面，為此想給校方提些建議。要點(diǎn)：1、冬天室內(nèi)暖氣不足，供暖系統(tǒng)需要進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)；2、家具設(shè)計(jì)不合理，沒(méi)有供放書的書架。構(gòu)思：1）寫作對(duì)象：時(shí)態(tài)人稱2）可用到的詞匯及短語(yǔ)：obligation:n.義務(wù)，責(zé)任generallyspeaking:總的來(lái)說(shuō)situate:v.處于，位于wellequipped:adj.設(shè)備齊全的maintain:v.保持，維持place:v.放置ina...manner:以......的方式其他：3）可用到的句型FreshmanasIam,Ifeelthatitismyobligationtomakesomesuggestionsconcerning...Iwou